长江中游沿岸地下水中铵氮与磷的共存规律及其控制因素

长江中游平原区面临着一系列严重的地质环境问题,其中地下水铵氮和磷的问题十分突出,但目前对于二者共存规律的认识还十分薄弱。以长江中游沿岸故道区为典型研究区,对采集的地下水样品进行了水文地球化学分析,并综合运用因子分析和随机森林模型探讨了铵氮和磷的赋存规律。结果表明：地下水整体处于还原环境中,NH₄-N的质量浓度为0.03～71.0 mg/L(均值9.92 mg/L),P的质量浓度为0.02～3.38 mg/L(均值0.51 mg/L)。地下水中高浓度的铵氮与磷均主要为天然成因,但铵氮与磷的迁移富集过程存在差异：铵氮的迁移富集与含氮有机质矿化过程密切相关;磷的迁移富集与铁氧化物或氢氧化物的还原性溶解密切相关,而含磷有机质矿化是磷富集的次要过程。Eh很低的地下水环境易产生高浓度铵氮的地下水,相对中等的还原环境会产生高浓度的磷但通常不会伴生高浓度的铵氮;当地下水中S^2-,DOC,I均处于相对较高的浓度水平时会伴生大量的铵氮,而磷的浓度在很大程度上受控于Fe²⁺浓度;当DOC,I和Fe²⁺浓度都高时,通常会出...     

随机波作用下伞式吸力锚基础局部冲刷演变分析

为了验证新型伞式吸力锚基础的防冲刷效果,本文利用Flow-3D软件建立三维海床-吸力锚-波浪相互作用模型,基于JONSWAP随机波浪谱,结合某海域风区资料模拟随机波,对随机波浪作用下伞式吸力锚基础(USAF)局部冲刷演变进行分析,试验土体为非黏性土.首先探讨了随机波浪作用下基础周围流场变化规律和冲刷演变模式,其次分析了...     

草本泥炭形成的生物环境机制

本文通过东北和华北湿地三年的野外定位观测,分析了形成泥炭植物的生物学特性,局地微环境及区域气候之间的关系,揭示了草本泥炭形成的生物－环境机制,确定了泥炭形成的气候模型。     

西藏尼木地区岗讲斑岩铜-钼矿床地质特征及锆石U-Pb年龄

岗讲铜-钼矿床位于冈底斯中段尼木矿田之中,是近年新发现的一个储量在大型以上的典型斑岩型铜-钼矿床。含矿岩体为复式岩体,其中铜、钼矿化主要产于黑云石英二长岩、石英二长斑岩和流纹-英安斑岩之中。热液蚀变类型有钾化、硅化、绢英岩化、绿泥石化和局部泥化,从岩体中心向外主要发育钾化带和绢英岩化带。矿体主要分布在钾化带与绢英岩化带叠加部位,矿区次生氧化富集带也比较发育。文中利用二次离子探针质谱(SIMS)对主要含矿岩体进行了锆石U-Pb定年研究,获得黑云石英二长岩和流纹-英安斑岩的结晶年龄分别为(14.73±0.13)Ma(MSWD=1.3,N=16)和(12.01±0.29)Ma(MSWD=2.3,N=8),与尼木矿田其他斑岩铜(钼)矿床含矿斑岩体的形成年龄基本一致,表明岗讲铜-钼矿床形成于印度-欧亚大陆板块碰撞后的伸展阶段。鉴于矿区缺失青磐岩化带,且钾化带主体已出露地表,因此该区的剥蚀深度至少应该在2～3 km,这与结合青藏高原的剥蚀速率(0.13～0.23mm/a)估算的剥蚀深度一致。     

陆地水循环过程的综合集成与模拟

在气候变化与人类活动的影响下,陆地水循环过程发生了明显改变,并导致了一系列资源环境问题。深入认识陆地水循环过程的变化机理,发展陆地水循环过程综合集成模拟技术,预估未来陆地水循环的变化趋势,是当前水循环研究面临的重要任务。主要关注人类活动影响下的大尺度(大河流域或大陆尺度)陆地表层系统水循环模拟,梳理了近年来陆地水循环过程综合集成与模拟相关的研究进展,指出当前大尺度陆地表层系统水循环模拟模型的主要问题是对自然过程与人类活动过程间相互作用描述不足,以及人类活动参数化方案的不完善。因此,完善人类活动参数化方案,构建陆地水循环过程的综合集成模型,是模拟研究的重要发展方向之一。同时,考虑多要素过程的综合集成模型有助于解释气候变化与人类用水活动影响水循环变化的关键机制,为探索变化环境下陆地水循环变化成因及其效应提供理论与实践基础,其结果将为区域水资源配置及应对全球变化的战略决策提供科学依据。     

Provenance of late Ashgill (Hirnantian) fine-grained sediments and pebbles in the Welsh Basin: A ND and SR isotope study

The isotope characteristics of interbedded fine-grained sedimentary rocks and pebbles from an Ashgill sequence in the Welsh Basin show that they have different provenance. Gondwana-derived continental crustal material dominates the Nd-Sr isotope signatures of the fine-grained rocks whereas the pebbles sample the Avalonian basement. Detritus from Gondwana and Avalonia accounts for the isotopic composition of most of the lower Palaeozoic sedimentary rocks of Southern Britain and this suggests that any contribution from the reworking of Lower Palaeozoic volcanic rock is minimal.     

长江中游沿岸地下水中铵氮与磷的共存规律及其控制因素

长江中游平原区面临着一系列严重的地质环境问题,其中地下水铵氮和磷的问题十分突出,但目前对于二者共存规律的认识还十分薄弱.以长江中游沿岸故道区为典型研究区,对采集的地下水样品进行了水文地球化学分析,并综合运用因子分析和随机森林模型探讨了铵氮和磷的赋存规律.结果 表明:地下水整体处于还原环境中,NH4N的质量浓度为0.03...     

Spatial distribution and the scale effect of influencing factors of specialized and sophisticated enterprises that produce new and unique products in the Yangtze River Delta region: Based on the buffer and MGWR analyses北大核心CSCD

High-quality cultivation of specialized and sophisticated enterprises that produce new and unique products is an important starting point for consolidating the security foundation of China's industrial chain and supply chain. Using buffer zone analysis and the multi-scale geographically weighted regression (MGWR) model, this study explored the spatial distribution of specialized and sophisticated enterprises that produce new and unique products in the Yangtze River Delta region and influencing factors in 2021. The study found that: 1) Spatially, Shanghai is the main area where specialized and sophisticated enterprises that produce new and unique products are concentrated, followed by provincial capitals and cities on the coast and along rivers; The overall composition of the industry is unbalanced, and the real economic industries such as machinery and equipment manufacturing and high-tech manufacturing account for a relatively high proportion, but there are differences in different regions. 2) In terms of spatial agglomeration, differences between circles and the scale effect are obvious. Within each province, the spatial distribution of specialized and sophisticated enterprises that produce new and unique products in different cities is uneven. Region-wide, the overall spatial distribution pattern of "one pole and multiple cores" is evident. Shanghai is the main agglomeration area for these enterprises, and the provincial capital cities and cities that are the regional economic centers are the secondary agglomeration areas of these enterprises. 3) The four dimensions of influencing factors—physical geography, government, market, and society—have a scale effect on the spatial distribution of specialized and sophisticated enterprises that produce new and unique products. The degree of land development acts at a small scale, which is a local variable, and shows a large difference in the impact on the spatial distribution of these enterprises across the region. Factors such as elevation, government-business relationship, degree of marketization, number and scale of enterprises, degree of openness, logistics development level, and innovation environment are global variables, and except that the degree of marketization and the number of enterprises have a significant negative impact on the spatial distribution of these enterprises, the impact of all other factors is significantly positive. The research results can provide support for the optimization of the layout of new special expertise enterprise space in the Yangtze River Delta region, in order to provide reference for the formulation of new special expertise policies and industrial planning. © 2023, Editorial office of PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY. All rights reserved.     

Climatic change in Central Asia during MIS 3/2: a case study using biological responses from Lake Baikal

A Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3/early MIS 2 section from a structural high along the east coast of the North Basin of Lake Baikal was analysed for diatoms, C/N ratios, and organic carbon isotope ratios. Diatoms were present throughout MIS 3 and early MIS 2, with high concentrations of the planktonic taxa Cyclotella sp. c.f. gracilis between 54 and 51.5 kyr BP indicating relatively warm, interstadial, conditions. Following a %TOC inferred climatic cooling between 43.2 and 39.1 kyr BP, evidence of a more muted δ¹³C_(organic) and %TOC inferred climatic warming from c. 39.1–34.7 kyr BP coincides with a period of very high diatom concentrations, indicating high aquatic productivity, at the Buguldeika Saddle in the South Basin of Lake Baikal. No evidence exists for a ‘Kuzmin’ catchment erosional event in the North Basin during MIS 3. This, however, may reflect the location of the coring site away from major riverine inputs. Abrupt climatic cooling at the culmination of both warm phases in the North Basin are associated, on the basis of the palaeomagnetic age-model and correlations to existing sites in Lake Baikal, with the initiation of Heinrich events 5 (c. 50 kyr BP) and 4 (c. 35 kyr BP), respectively, in the North Atlantic. The amount of organic material declines across the MIS 3/MIS 2 transition while constant C/N ratios suggest organic material to be predominantly derived from phytoplankton. An increase in δ¹³C_(organic) at the MIS 3/MIS 2 transition may therefore indicate changes in aquatic productivity, pCO₂ or the inorganic carbon pool.     

The influence of groundwater representation on hydrological simulation and its assessment using satellite‐based water storage variation

The interaction between surface water and groundwater is an important aspect of hydrological processes. Despite its importance, groundwater is not well represented in many land surface models. In this study, a groundwater module with consideration of surface water and groundwater dynamic interactions is incorporated into the distributed biosphere hydrological (DBH) model in the upstream of the Yellow River basin, China. Two numerical experiments are conducted using the DBH model: one with groundwater module active, namely, DBH_GW and the other without, namely, DBH_NGW. Simulations by two experiments are compared with observed river discharge and terrestrial water storage (TWS) variation from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE). The results show that river discharge during the low flow season that is underestimated in the DBH_NGW has been improved by incorporating the groundwater scheme. As for the TWS, simulation in DBH_GW shows better agreement with GRACE data in terms of interannual and intraseasonal variations and annual changing trend. Furthermore, compared with DBH_GW, TWS simulated in DBH_NGW shows smaller decreases during autumn and smaller increases in spring. These results suggest that consideration of groundwater dynamics enables a more reasonable representation of TWS change by increasing TWS amplitudes and signals and as a consequence, improves river discharge simulation in the low flow seasons when groundwater is a major component in runoff. Additionally, incorporation of groundwater module also leads to wetter soil moisture and higher evapotranspiration, especially in the wet seasons.