Spatial Variation of Dissolved Organic Carbon in Soils of Riparian Wetlands and Responses to Hydro-geomorphologic Changes in Sanjiang Plain,China

Spatial variation of dissolved organic carbon(DOC) in soils of riparian wetlands and responses to hydro-geomorphologic changes in the Sanjiang Plain were analyzed through in situ collecting soil samples in the Naoli River and the Bielahong River. The results showed that the average contents of DOC for soil layer of 0–100 cm were 730.6 mg/kg, 250.9 mg/kg, 423.0 mg/kg and 333.1 mg/kg respectively from riverbed to river terrace along the transverse directions of the Naoli watershed. The content of the soil DOC was the highest in the riverbed, lower in the high floodplain and much lower in the river terrace, and it was the lowest in the low floodplain. The difference in the content and vertical distribution of DOC between the riverbed and the three riparian wetlands was significant, while it was not significant among the low floodplain, the high floodplain and the river terrace. The variability of soil DOC was related to the hydrological connectivity between different landscape position of the riparian wetlands and the adjacent stream. Extremely significant correlations were observed between DOC and total organic carbon(TOC), total iron(TFe), ferrous iron(Fe(II)) whose correlation coefficients were 0.819, –0.544 and –0.709 in riparian wetlands of the Naoli River. With the increase of wetland destruction, soil p H increased and soil DOC content changed. The correlation coefficients between soil DOC and TOC, TFe, Fe(II) also changed into 0.759, –0.686 and –0.575 respectively in the Bielahong River. Under the impact of drainage ditches, the correlations between soil DOC and TFe, Fe(II) were not obvious, while the soil p H was weakly alkaline and was negatively correlated with soil DOC in the previous high floodplain. It indicates that riparian hydro-geomorphology is the main factor that could well explain this spatial variability of soil DOC, and the agricultural environmental hydraulic works like ditching also must be considered.     

一种CORS站高程序列噪声识别算法

针对能量密度谱判断噪声与信号主导模态分界点性能不稳定的问题,该文提出基于夹角余弦的分界点判断方法。该方法首先利用EEMD对CORS站高程数据进行分解,其次计算原始信号与各阶模态分量的夹角余弦值,最后根据夹角余弦值的首次逆向转折位置判定噪声主导模态和信号主导模态的分界点。以4个CORS基准站近20年原始高程时间序列信号为研究对象,对噪声与信号模态分量分界点进行判定,实验结果表明采用基于夹角余弦的判定方法可以一次判断出噪声和信号模态分量的分界点。该方法应用到CORS站高程信号与噪声序列的识别中性能更加稳定。     

柴达木盆地土壤盐渍化程度快速动态监测

针对柴达木盆地土壤盐渍化的时空变化问题,该文采用了反演土壤盐度指数的方法快速评估了该地区的盐渍化程度变化及其空间分布,并且选择2015年利用土壤采样方法获取标本验证SI在研究区的适用性,集成RS技术和GIS空间分析的优势,综合利用空间分析和时序分析技术对柴达木盆地2000-2015年的盐渍化程度和分布面积进行了时空变化分析.研究结果表明了 SI值在研究区的适用性,同时发现2000-2015年,柴达木盆地土壤盐渍化的面积和程度整体上均有明显降低趋势,尤其在重度盐渍化区域更为明显,但中、低度积盐面积,程度均有所增加.研究可以为柴达木盆地土壤盐渍化程度的快速评估提供参考.     

莒南县路网中心性对建设用地时空格局的影响

针对道路网络复杂性如何影响城市建设用地时空演变这一问题,该文以莒南县为例,计算道路网络中心性指标,并应用地理探测器定量分析其对建设用地时空格局的影响.结果表明:①莒南县道路网络中,全局临近中心性单中心特征强烈,全局介数中心性、直达中心性则表现出多中心的空间态势.②道路网络中心性特征与建设用地空间分布显著相关,全局路网通达效率、通达度对建设用地空间布局影响强烈.③道路网络中心性指标对建设用地扩张均有显著影响,其中又以全局直达中心性对建设用地扩张的影响力最强.     

"3S"技术在城市"两违"动态监测中的应用

为解决城市违法建设和违法占地人工巡查耗时费力,难以及时、动态地进行监测的问题,本文提出了基于遥感技术、地理信息技术和全球定位系统进行"两违"动态监测的新方法.基于国产高景卫星数据进行一月一周期的监测,发现并提取可疑图斑;结合行政区划、土地利用等数据进行图斑筛选;开发"两违"执法监测系统进行建库归档并提供精准的定位信息,辅助执法队员开展外业核查和执法工作.在多个市、县开展了应用,能够快速、动态发现"两违"线索,辅助外业执法,为城市管理提供可行、有效的技术手段.     

城市环境下智能手机GNSS/视觉组合导航算法和性能评估

通过将卫星定位和计算机视觉定位组合,可以使智能手机在城市、峡谷等卫星定位结果跳变或中断的情况下,仍为用户提供连续、高精度的位置服务.因此,为改善手机端卫星信号不理想区域的定位精度,设计和实现了GNSS与单目相机组合导航的实验.通过数据平滑、旋转矩阵求解等过程完成系统间的轨迹转换,并分析了坐标转换误差.使用结合贝叶斯估计的卡尔曼滤波对两种轨迹进行融合处理.最终结果表明,在城市环境下,GNSS与单目相机组合后,定位误差小于3 m的概率由21.21％提升至48.15％,小于5 m的概率由48.82％提升至70.03％.     

立足国内保障国家铁矿资源需求的可行性分析

中国铁矿成矿地质条件有利,铁矿床类型齐全,以沉积变质型、岩浆型铁矿成矿潜力最大,但品位较低;矽卡岩型和火山岩型铁矿规模较小,但富矿较多;沉积型铁矿多为难选冶的铁矿,风化淋滤型铁矿的成矿潜力很小。全国已查明的铁矿资源储量丰富,多属易选铁矿石类型,多分布于东部铁矿生产基地及其附近,如果铁矿石50%立足国内供应,则基础储量可以保障供应超过10年,还有大量资源量可以转化为基础储量,延长保障年限。中国还有大量铁矿点、矿化点有待进一步评价,有大量磁异常有待查证,已知铁矿区的深边部近年来找矿不断取得突破,西部地区铁矿进一步找矿的潜力巨大,具有立足国内长期保障铁矿资源供应的潜力。     

基于多尺度有限元的海上升压站脚靴式桩套筒连接结构分析研究

脚靴式海上升压站导管架的桩套筒与主导管的连接结构是关键荷载传递部位。整体梁系有限元模型无法反应局部板型结构的失效状态;截断板系有限元模型则受制于边界条件的合理性,结果不够精确。文中基于某工程海上升压站,建立不同精细化范围的多尺度有限元模型及不同边界条件的截断模型,对结构屈服失效及屈曲失效复核的同时论证了局部网格对计算精细程度的影响及截断模型对边界条件的敏感性;此外,研究了轭板板厚及应力比对屈曲失效的敏感程度,为今后海上升压站脚靴结构不同阶段的设计、优化提供参考和借鉴。     

不同雨强对杉木和米槠林地表径流和可溶性有机碳的影响

采用径流小区法,对中亚热带地区的杉木人工林和米槠次生林在不同雨强下径流量和可溶性有机碳（DOC）流失浓度进行比较研究。结果表明：在小雨、中雨、大雨和暴雨4场降雨过程中,米槠次生林和杉木人工林的地表径流量和DOC流失浓度变化趋势一致,即降雨强度增加,地表径流量也随之增加。DOC浓度均呈现了随着雨强的增加而逐渐降低的趋势。说明降雨强度对径流量和DOC浓度均产生了较为明显的影响;米槠次生林和杉木人工林的地表径流量之间差异不显著,米槠次生林和杉木人工林的DOC流失浓度除大雨外均达到显著性水平差异（P〈0.05）,说明植被类型对地表径流量影响较小,对DOC浓度具有较明显的影响。     

基于ROMS模式利用集合最优插值同化沿轨海表面高度异常数据的研究

The ensemble optimal interpolation （EnOI） is applied to the regional ocean modeling system （ROMS） with the ability to assimilate the along-track sea level anomaly （TSLA）. This system is tested with an eddy-resolving system of the South China Sea （SCS）. Background errors are derived from a running seasonal ensemble to account for the seasonal variability within the SCS. A fifth-order localization function with a 250 km localization radius is chosen to reduce the negative effects of sampling errors. The data assimilation system is tested from January 2004 to December 2006. The results show that the root mean square deviation （RMSD） of the sea level anomaly decreased from 10.57 to 6.70 cm, which represents a 36.6% reduction of error. The data assimilation reduces error for temperature within the upper 800 m and for salinity within the upper 200 m, although error degrades slightly at deeper depths. Surface currents are in better agreement with trajectories of surface drifters after data assimilation. The variance of sea level improves significantly in terms of both the amplitude and position of the strong and weak variance regions after assimilating TSLA. Results with AGE error （AGE） perform better than no AGE error （NoAGE） when considering the improvements of the temperature and the salinity. Furthermore, reasons for the extremely strong variability in the northern SCS in high resolution models are investigated. The results demonstrate that the strong variability of sea level in the high resolution model is caused by an extremely strong Kuroshio intrusion. Therefore, it is demonstrated that it is necessary to assimilate the TSLA in order to better simulate the SCS with high resolution models.