海陆空间信息一体化集成技术研究

将国际标准与国内电子海图技术实践相结合,通过对各类数据源集成研究,建立了多元空间数据通用调显引擎,实现了CDC海图数据、地形图数据、S-57标准数据、遥感影像数据、DNC数据、MapInfo数据等陆海空统一的数字图源调用与显示,为融合各类数据源提供了一个基础技术平台。     

鲫鱼(Carassius auratus)半胱亚磺酸脱酸酶CSAD基因克隆及其表达研究

本研究以鲫鱼(Carassius auratus)为研究对象,采用巢式PCR和RACE技术克隆鲫鱼半胱亚磺酸脱酸酶CSAD基因c DNA序列,并且利用实时荧光定量PCR检测了CSAD m RNA在鲫鱼不同组织和昼夜节律中的相对表达水平,同时还研究了牛磺酸对鲫鱼肠道CSAD m RNA表达的影响。结果表明:(1)鲫鱼CSAD基因c DNA序列包含186bp的5?UTR序列,675bp的3?UTR序列,1503bp开放阅读框,编码500个氨基酸。同源性分析表明,鲫鱼和鲤鱼的同源性为97.2%。系统发育分析表明,鲫鱼与鲤鱼之间的亲缘关系最接近,置信度为100。经预测,其编码的蛋白质的分子量和等电点分别为56.82k Da和5.77;(2)Ca CSAD m RNA在肌肉、心脏、肠道及肝脏中的表达水平较高,在脑和鳃组织中的相对表达量较低;(3)鲫鱼肠道CSAD m RNA的相对表达量在6:00am点时最高,9:00pm点时相对表达量最低;(4)鲫鱼CSAD的相对表达丰度随着牛磺酸添加量的增加而逐渐下降。本研究结果不仅有助于理解鲫鱼CSAD基因的分子特征,同时将为进一步研究鱼类CSAD营养调控功能提供理论依据。     

泛亚铁路滇西大理至瑞丽段基础地质综合调查进展

大理-瑞丽铁路属于泛亚铁路南线的重要组成部分。为解决铁路工程建设过程中面临的复杂地质问题,中国地质调查局在2008年1月至2010年12月期间组织实施了1∶5万区域地质调查与环境灾害专项调查,共设置了6个工作项目,包括22个1∶5万国际分幅的调查和1个综合研究项目。通过系统的区域地质调查和研究工作,在构造、岩石、地层、古生物等基础地质方面有大量的新发现,获得了一批高精度的锆石U-Pb年龄数据,认为保山地块应归属于冈瓦纳大陆。调查过程中发现了潞西构造混杂岩带,并认为其属于怒江构造混杂岩带的组成部分。     

太平洋海山富钴结壳铂族元素（PGE）和Os同位素地球化学及其成因意义

本文分析了中西太平洋海山富钴结壳及其各主要层圈(外层、疏松层、亮煤层)和玄武岩基岩的铂族元素(PGE)和Au含量以及Os同位素组成,发现富钴结壳中PGE和Au含量均较高,且变化很大,∑PGE为(70.09～629.26)×10-9,平均289.48×10-9,Au为(0.60～26900)×10-9.具三层结构的富钴结壳中,疏松层(∑PGE=(339.37～545.82)×10-9)和亮煤层(∑PGE=(280.09～629.26)×10-9)的∑PGE明显高于外层((70.09～133.27)×10-9.单层结壳的∑PGE为(83.94～479.75)×10-9,Au含量普遍高于具三层结构者.结壳的∑PGE和Au含量远高于太平洋多金属结核(分别为(101.57～155.83)×10-9和(1～4)×10.沉积深度和海水氧逸度的不同是导致结壳和结核中PGE含量明显差异的主导因素.富钴结壳∑PGE和Pt与Mn(%)之间呈明显的正相关关系,而与Fe(%)具负相关性,与多金属结核正好相反,显示结壳中的PGE主要赋存在水羟锰矿(8-MnO2)等锰矿物相中,与针铁矿(FeOOH·nH2O)等铁矿物相关系不大,而结核中的PGE主要赋存在铁矿物相中.PGE球粒陨石标准化曲线和各项参数显示富钴结壳的PGE和Au主要来自海底玄武岩的蚀变释放,部分来自铁陨石微粒等地外物质,而与海底热水活动无关.计算显示西太平洋结壳距今42.5 Ma左右开始生长,生长过程中分别在8.OMa和21.8Ma处出现间断,相应形成外层、疏松层和亮煤层,其各自沉积速率为2.64 mm/Ma,1.45 mm/Ma和1.06 mm/Ma,相应海水的187Os/188Os分别为0.948～0.953,0.599～0.673和0.425～0.536,显示外层含有较多的大陆风化尘,而疏松层和亮煤层的沉积物主要来自海底洋壳蚀变和陨石碎屑或宇宙尘等地外物质.     

Spatial pattern of Abies and Picea surface pollen distribution along the elevation gradient in the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau and Xinjiang, China

In this study we examine the relationships between Abies and Picea abundance in surface pollen and sub-alpine coniferous forest (SCF) distribution, elevation and climate in the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau using a large modern pollen data set consisting of 857 samples. Results indicate that Abies and Picea pollen are abundant in the southern and eastern Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, where SCF dominates the landscape. Pollen percentages of both Abies and Picea show a unimodal pattern with changes in elevation and climate, and their optima occur at elevations from 2500 to 4000 m a.s.l., mean annual temperature from −1 to 10 °C and mean annual precipitation from 450 to 850 mm. The optimal elevation of Abies and Picea pollen distribution decreases with latitude from c . 4000 m in the south (21–32°N) to c . 2500 m in the north (43–49°N). The spatial pattern of Abies and Picea pollen abundance is highly correlated with the modern distribution of these taxa, which is largely controlled by elevation and climate. These relationships could provide a practical reference for interpretation of fossil pollen data in terms of climate and elevation in the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau.     

Evaluation of the biological toxicity of fluorine in Antarctic krill

Antarctic krill is a potentially nutritious food source for humans, but fluorine(F) toxicity is a matter of concern. To evaluate the toxicity of F in Antarctic krill, 30 Wistar rats were divided into three groups with different dietary regimens: a control group, a krill treatment group(150 mg·kg-1 F), and a sodium fluoride(NaF) treatment group(150 mg·kg-1 F). After three months, F concentrations in feces, plasma, and bone were determined, and the degree of dental and skeletal fluorosis was assessed. The F concentrations in plasma and bone from the krill treatment group were 0.167 0±0.020 4 mg.L-1 and 2 709.8±301.9 mg·kg-1, respectively, compared with 0.043 8±0.005 5 mg·L-1 and 442.4±60.7 mg·kg-1, respectively, in samples from the control group. Concentrations of F in plasma and bone in the krill treatment group were higher than in the control group, but lower than in the NaF treatment group. The degree of dental fluorosis in the krill treatment group was moderate, compared with severe in the NaF treatment group and normal in the control group. The degree of skeletal fluorosis did not change significantly in any group. These results showed that the toxicity of F in Antarctic krill was lower than for an equivalent concentration of F in NaF, but it was toxic for rats consuming krill in large quantities. To conclude, we discuss possible reasons for the reduced toxicity of F in Antarctic krill. The present study provides a direct toxicological reference for the consideration of Antarctic krill for human consumption.     

Thermodynamic properties of snow cover on sea ice during the austral summer in Prydz Bay,East Antarctica

The thermodynamic properties of snow cover on sea ice play a key role in the ice-ocean-atmosphere system and have been a focus of recent scientific research. In this study, we investigated the thermodynamic properties of snow cover on sea ice in the Nella Fjord, Prydz Bay, East Antarctica(69°20′S, 76°07′E), near the Chinese Antarctic Zhongshan Station. Our observations were carried out during the 29th Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition. We found that the vertical temperature profile of snow cover changed considerably in response to changes in air temperature and solar radiation during the summer. Associated with the changes in the temperature profile were fluctuations in the temperature gradient within the upper 10 cm of the snow cover. Results of previous research have shown that the thermal conductivity of snow is strongly correlated with snow density. To calculate the thermal conductivity in this study, we measured densities in three snow pits. The calculated thermal conductivity ranged from 0.258–0.569 W?m-1?K-1. We present these datasets to show how involved parameters changed, and to contribute to a better understanding of melting processes in the snow cover on sea ice.     

溶藻弧菌acfA基因克隆与生物信息学分析

溶藻弧菌引起海水养殖产业弧菌病的主要病原,附着定植因子基因acfA是溶藻弧菌重要毒力基因之一,其表达产物是溶藻弧菌有效定植在宿主肠道上所必需的蛋白。根据弧菌属细菌acfA基因基因保守区设计引物,采用Touchdown PCR扩增acfA基因部分序列,Inverse PCR和Nested PCR扩增已知序列侧翼序列,成功克隆了溶藻弧菌acfA基因全长。克隆的acfA基因序列全长为743 bp,开放阅读框长度为648 bp组成,共编码215个氨基酸,在5′端上游未发现-35区和-10区序列。演绎的ACFA蛋白N端有18个氨基酸信号肽序列,表明该蛋白是分泌型蛋白;蛋白结构分析表明主要由α螺旋和不规则卷曲构成。BLAST分析表明,该蛋白氨基酸序列与其他弧菌相应蛋白同源性较高,是较保守的外膜蛋白。     

基于深度神经网络的台风中心定位方法

台风中心定位的微小误差会对台风路径预报造成较大的偏离,因此精确定位台风中心是台风路径预测和灾害预报的重要步骤。台风云系随时间不断变化且风力强弱不一,在卫星云图中呈现了多样性和复杂性,现有基于神经网络的模型由于缺少对台风特征图像多维度参数的权重合理分配,在自动提取台风图像特征上受到了限制。为此,提出一种融合通道注意力与坐标注意力的神经网络模型（TY-LOCNet）,首先搭建深度卷积神经网络模型提取台风特征;其次引入通道注意力机制从台风特征中捕获通道级别的信息,提升模型对重要通道的关注度;然后将通道注意力结果输入到坐标注意力机制中全局标定台风位置信息,使模型能够在较大的区域关注到台风的形态结构;此外,均方误差损失函数未能融合计算坐标导致定位精度低,因此提出距离损失函数(DISTLoss)通过距离回归提高模型定位精度。实验结果表明,TY-LOCNet的平均位置误差(MLE)、平均定位误差(MAE)和检测速度分别为 3.502 像素,0.292 °和 17 FPS,优于其他模型。台风中心定位模型 TY-LOCNet可为台风预报提供实时性台风中心定位支持。     

对GPS模糊度解相关方法的一种改进

针对Lenstra-Lenstra-Lovász（LLL）规约算法在高维情况下规约耗时较大的特点,采用贪心算法和部分列向量规约,减少LLL算法规约过程中的基向量交换和尺度规约次数,以降低LLL算法的计算复杂度。通过模拟和实测的数据验证,该改进方法可以降低LLL算法的规约耗时,因而对高维模糊度的快速解算具有一定的参考应用价值。