Estimation of groundwater residence time and recession rate in watershed of the Loess Plateau

Groundwater residence time is an important indicator of hydrological cycle and essential for water resources development and utilization. In this paper, groundwater residence time in non-flood season, flood season and water year has been determined from daily streamflow hydrograph of ten hydrological stations in Wudinghe River Basin located in the middle reaches of the Yellow River Basin. Results have showed that: baseflow recession constant in Wudinghe River Basin ranges from 0.72 to 0.94 with a larger recession rate in flood season than that in non-flood season. Spatially, the recession rate of baseflow in loess area is the biggest, but is the smallest in the sandy area. The half-residence time of groundwater varies from 1.8 to 45.5 days while overall residence time of groundwater is between 34 and 342 days in different sub-basins of the Wudinghe River Basin. The annual average overall residence time of groundwater decreases from 117 days in the upper reaches to 73 days in the lower reaches.     

Migration and enrichment of trace elements of Lower Palaeozoic carbonate rock strata in Beijing

Analyses of trace elements of the Lower Palaeozoic carbonate rock strata in Beijing show that the contents of As, Hg, F increase from primary carbonate rocks to weathered carbonate rocks and from primary carbonate rocks to the soil coexisting with carbonate rocks, but the distribution regularity of S is not obvious. In the whole weathered stages, the sorption of As is mainly affected by Fe2O3. In soil Fe2O3 is also the main affecting factor of Hg enrichment. The main existing forms of Hg in primary carbonate rocks should simply be physical adsorption, coprecipitation and false isomorphous form between surface of carbonate rock and Hg. In soil the enrichment of F has little relationship with sul-fides and Fe2O3. In primary carbonate rocks, F is mainly absorbed by sulfides and clay minerals, etc. Weathered samples have closer genetic relationships with primary carbonate rocks. This also implies that weathered carbonate rocks have the close existing forms to that of primary carbonate rocks. In primary carbonate rocks FeS2 and FeS are the main forms of S, and sulfides have fixation effect on some heavy metals, whereas in weathered carbonate rocks and soil the fixation effect is weakened.     

鄂东南地区印支期以来构造变形特征及油气意义

利用区域地震大剖面及MT资料,结合地面地质调查成果,对鄂东南地区的深部地质结构及典型构造样式进行了分析,认为该区发育以基底岩系顶面和志留系顶面为主滑脱面的大型逆冲推覆构造,并识别出双重逆冲构造、叠瓦状构造、台阶式结构、对冲构造及反冲断层等典型构造样式;同时对上下地质结构的变异进行了探讨,提出志留系滑脱层之下的“原地体”具有变形相对较弱、褶皱宽缓开阔的特点,在后期拉张改造中受到上盘“异地体”的保护,应是有利的油气勘探领域,双重逆冲构造内部发育的断层相关褶皱(如随阳构造)是重点勘探目标。     

基于SLM模型的中国碳排放格网化空间分布模拟

以美国橡树岭国家实验室二氧化碳信息分析中心的中国碳排放数据、统计年鉴中的分省化石能源消费与水泥产量数据为基础,选取NDVI植被指数、DMSP/OLS夜间灯光数据、GDP、工业总产值、人口5个指标,对中国2000年及2010年的分省碳排放结果采用5km×5km格网,运用空间滞后回归模型(SLM)进行空间分布模拟,并对空间模拟结果进行误差分析及纠正,获得2000年及2010年地均碳排放强度空间分布图。结果表明,中国地均碳排放强度存在以下特征:区域差异分布特征明显,主要表现为从东部地区向中西部地区逐渐变小;存在几个明显高值热点及低值冷点区域;随着时间的推移,地域差异特征越发明显,冷点和热点区域分布特征更加显著;2010年各地区地均碳排放强度明显大于2000年。     

职住分离的空间差异性及其影响因素研究

制度转型与空间重构背景下,中国大城市的居住与就业空间关系发生明显变化,职住分离 现象逐渐凸显。尽管城市地理学者逐步关注转型期城市居住与就业空间关系的变化对居民通 勤行为的影响,然而深入探讨微观个体所承受的职住分离程度的差异性及其影响因素的实证研 究仍然缺乏。基于对北京城市520 户家庭、806 个通勤样本的问卷调查数据,本文借助多元回归 模型验证了居住区类型、家庭及住房状况、以及其他社会经济属性等居民职住分离程度差异性 的影响,从而折射城市转型过程中宏观制度性及结构性因素(如土地市场化改革、住房政策、单 位制度改革、城市空间扩展等) 对个体日常生活经历差异性的影响。     

大气颗粒物遥感研究进展

大气污染已成为全球性的环境污染问题之一,PM2.5和PM10已成为当前大气遥感研究的热点,以京沪穗为代表的特大城市更成为相关研究的重要焦点。通过对国内外相关文献的分析,以广州为例描述了地面站点监测的现状和不足,指出PM2.5遥感的关键问题为区域尺度气溶胶光学厚度垂直订正和区域尺度近地面消光系数湿度效应校正研究;通过空气质量模式系统进行相关研究,是包括PM2.5在内的大气颗粒物遥感的重要途径之一。     

滇池流域非点源污染研究进展

非点源污染是滇池污染治理与控制的重点和难点,自20世纪80年代以来已有大量的研究。这些研究主要涉及了污染物来源及污染负荷估算、不同土地利用方式的污染物流失规律、污染控制方法及治理措施研究等内容、采用了实地考察、调查与监测、试验及模型模拟、3S及计算机技术等研究方法与研究手段。今后,还应在非农业生产所致的非点源污染、完整的监测系统及集成化非点源污染模型建立、水污染总量控制管理以及政策引导、环境保护的监管与实施等方面加强研究工作。     

全域规划视角城市轨道交通与其他交通方式衔接研究进展

采用文献梳理法对中国知网刊载以城市轨道交通为主题期刊文献进行分析,发现国内研究集中在:(1)轨道交通与常规公交、慢行交通体系、出租车、私家车、大型机场等间的换乘组织与连接规划;(2)城市轨道交通网络内部的换乘与衔接,及轨道交通站点空间组织等领域研究;(3)国内研究聚焦在各式交通方式衔接规划及城市路网为主的硬件建设等,但较少关注各类群体出行行为模式及其对交通方式换乘规划影响等.最后展望了中国大城市进入老龄化社会需要关注的轨道换乘研究方向.     

海工结构物桩基础竖向稳定性的可靠度分析

应用可靠度理论对渤海海域中海工结构物桩基础的稳定性进行了可靠度分析,阐述了各个设计指标的变化对分项系数及可靠度指标的影响规律,并进一步对各指标的灵敏度进行比较分析。分析结果表明,在各个设计参数中,厚土层的强度指标和设计荷载是两个相对重要的参数,在渤海海域中应用API标准中规定的荷载抗力系数进行设计是适用的。     

The Geological Characteristics of Chengkou Type Shale Gas of Lower Cambrian in Dabashan

<正>1 Introduction After the successful implementation of large-scale shale gas exploration、development and utilization in United States,the domestic shale gas exploration and development is in a rapid development.However,the progress of exploration and understanding of the highEvolution shale gas in the complex structure zone of the outer basin are relatively slow,the evaluation method and