济南东部岩溶水有机污染健康风险评价

近年来,济南岩溶水有机污染越来越突出,为了探究济南岩溶水有机污染对居民健康造成的影响,保障饮用水安全,该文在系统分析研究区水文地质条件的基础上,采用USEPA推荐的健康风险评价模型,根据实际采样测试数据,分析评价了济南东部3处岩溶水井点的有机污染对其范围内暴露人群造成的健康风险。结果表明:检出的主要有机污染物为三氯甲烷、四氯化碳、三氯乙烯、四氯乙烯。3个水井的有机污染非致癌风险未超过限值1,在可接受的范围内,四氯化碳的非致癌风险所占比例最大,为89.85%; 3个采样点有机污染致癌风险,超出了其可接受水平的最小限制10-6,但均未超出可接受的致癌风险的最大限制10-4,风险指数均在10-6~5.0×10-5之间,应该引起关注,产生致癌风险的主要污染物为三氯乙烯。有机污染非致癌风险和致癌风险的主要暴露途径为呼吸吸入,其次是饮水吸收,皮肤接触暴露途径风险值最小。     

NUMERICAL STUDY ON THE ROLE OF VORTICAL AND DIVERGENT COMPONENTS OF WIND STRESS IN ENSO CYCLE

The 1960-1991 monthly mean FSU (Florida State University)wind stress data aredecomposed into a vortical and a divergent component with each of which to force the model oceanin the context of a two-layer tropical Pacific model.Evidence suggests that for the seasonalvariation the ocean forcing does not produce a realistic cold tongue using either of the componentsand the tongue will not be effectively improved in its intensity and pattern even if the componentsare doubled or halved:the utilization of climatic mean wind stress(no decomposition is done of thewind stress)that contains its seasonal variation will lead to a realistic SST distribution on which isimposed,separately,the interannual anomalies of each of the components so as to get the SSTApattern:under the action of the interannual anomaly of the vortical(divergent)component therearises qnite intense SSTA oscillation marked by noticeable ENSO periods(feeble SSTA withhigher oscillation frequency for obscure ENSO periods),thereby illustrating that the roles of thetwo components differ from each other in the genesis of SST variation on a seasonal and aninterannual basis such that a realistic cold tongue pattern follows under the joint effects on themodel ocean of the two components of wind stress while rational E1 Nino/La Nina phenomenaresult under the forcing of an anomalous wind stress vortical component.Moreover,the divergentcomponent is innegligible in generating a mean climatic condition of the ocean sector but of lessimportance compared to the vortical component in ENSO development.     

Natural thermoluminescence of fossil foraminiferals as a potential proxy for deep-sea temperature changes

Foraminiferal shells from two piston cores separately located at the Ninetyeast Ridge and the Bengal Fan of the Indian Ocean were selected and purified for measurements of natural thermoluminescence （NTL） intensity by a high precision thermoluminescence meter （RGD-3）. Variations of the NTL intensity along the two core sequences both spanning the last two glacial--interglacial cycles displayed a strong, identical signal of the global ice volume cycles, which matched well with their corresponding oxygen isotope data. As higher NTL intensity occurred within interglacial periods and changes in an NTL signal were most likely influenced by the temperature of ambient seawater in which the planktonic foraminiferal shells long existed, the NTL signal could be considered as a potential proxy for orbital scale temperature changes of bottom seawater in the tropical Indian Ocean.     

舟山市海洋水库建设的可行性初探

海洋水库是指通过建设堤坝隔离海水,在海水中割出一部分区域存储淡水的蓄水建筑物。现代海洋水库在中国已有半个多世纪的建设历程,上海、香港等我国沿海缺水城市和地区先后建设了一批具有代表性的海洋水库,为城市建设发展提供支持。舟山群岛位于我国东海洋面,天然良港众多,渔业资源富饶,战略地位突出。舟山市当前本地淡水短缺问题严峻,这不仅制约了当地社会经济的发展,并由此造成环境生态系统进一步恶化的趋势。文章首先从舟山市可用水资源总量出发,结合近几年舟山市用水情况,预测舟山市未来缺水总量;然后结合现代海洋水库设计理念,初步分析海洋水库的库容及舟山岛附近的可选坝址,探讨在舟山市建设海洋水库的可行性。     

养马岛附近海域藻华期间有色溶解有机质的生物可利用性研究

本研究利用吸收光谱和荧光激发-发射矩阵光谱-平行因子分析(EEMs-PARAFAC),研究了养马岛附近海域海水中有色溶解有机质(CDOM)的浓度、组成、来源和生物可利用性,并估算了浮游植物生长繁殖对CDOM及具有生物可利用性CDOM的贡献。结果表明,表、底层海水中CDOM浓度(以吸收系数a₃₅₀计)平均值分别为1.62±0.42 m^-1和1.30±0.47 m^-1,光谱斜率(S_275-295)平均值分别为0.022±0.003 nm^-1和0.023±0.003 nm^-1。利用PARAFAC模型识别出4种荧光组分,分别为陆源类腐殖酸C1、类色氨酸C2、类酪氨酸C3和微生物源类腐殖酸C4。荧光指数(FIX)、腐殖化指数(HIX)和生物指数(BIX)显示,CDOM受陆源输入和海洋自生源的综合影响。降解实验结果显示,表、底层海水中生物可利用性CDOM百分比(%△a₃₅₀)平均值分别为(23.36%±17.94%)和(8.93%±20.30%)。C1、C2和C4组分的荧光强度在培养之后降低,而C3组分的荧光强度上升。各荧光组分生物可利用性依次递减的顺序为:%△C1(23.75%±8.96%)＞%△C4(20.83%±11.71%)＞%△C2(11.67%±38.87%)＞%△C3(-29.61%±39.90%),显示培养之后CDOM的平均分子量和腐殖化程度降低。表层海水中a₃₅₀、%△a350与Chl a之间存在显著线性相关关系,据此可以估算出浮游植物生长繁殖对CDOM的贡献为36.9%,对具有生物可利用性CDOM的贡献为85.0%。     

基于三角模糊数随机模拟的地下水环境系统综合风险评价模型

采用随机模拟方法模拟三角模糊数,把三角模糊数及函数间运算简化为普通的实数之间运算,建立基于三角模糊数随机模拟的地下水环境系统综合风险评价模型(ARA-SSTFN)。结果说明:以置信区间形式表示的ARA-SSTFN评价结果,比现有常规方法结果提供评价结果可靠性方面更多信息,能反映受多种不确定性因素综合影响的地下水环境系统综合风险评价客观实际情况;ARA-SSTFN在流域水资源、水环境和水旱灾害等有随机性、模糊性和数据资料不精确等多种不确定性因素综合作用的各种资源环境系统综合风险评价问题中有推广应用价值。     

内蒙古虎拉林爆破角砾岩型金矿床特征

虎拉林金矿区主要地层为中侏罗统绣峰组陆源碎屑岩，岩浆岩以燕山期花岗斑岩和石英斑岩为主。在地层与岩体接触带附近发育爆破角砾岩，金矿(化)体主要受断裂控制而产于爆破角砾岩筒(带)中。矿区内已圈出6条矿(化)体，总体走向近SN，以1、2号为主要矿体。成矿与爆破角砾岩有关，形成一体多型的矿化分布形式。δ^34S变化范围为-0．2‰-0．8‰，具有深源岩浆S特征。S和Pb同位素、流体包裹体、稀土元素等特征表明，成矿物质来自地壳深部或地幔，成矿流体以深部岩浆热液为主。^39Al/^40Ari法测得金矿成矿年龄为135．5Ma。     

哈拉湖地区天然气水合物地震探测技术试验

哈拉湖位于青藏高原,在该区开展的地质调查、音频大地电磁测深和地球化学调查结果表明,该区具有良好的天然气水合物找矿前景。为寻找天然气水合物,在该区开展了高精度反射地震试验。反射地震采用1200道接收,道间距2 m,偏移距1 m,炮间距8 m,覆盖次数150次,排列中间激发的观测系统,每道采用6个60 Hz检波器单点组合接收;采样间隔0.5 ms,记录长度2 s,宽频带采集;激发震源为大型车载可控震源。采用该工作方法得到的地震剖面信噪比和分辨率较高,构造形态特征明显。根据试验区地形地貌和地震剖面上反映的永冻土层厚度、断裂构造和高速层分布,结合其他资料,确定了验证孔位。     

Spatial-temporal patterns of China’s interprovincial migration, 1985-2010

Migration plays an increasing role in China's economy since mobility rose and economic restructuring has proceeded during the last three decades. Given the background of most studies focusing on migration in a particular period, there is a critical need to analyze the spatial-temporal patterns of migration. Using bicomponent trend mapping technique and interprovincial migration data during the periods 1985-1990, 1990-1995, 1995-2000, 2000-2005, and 2005-2010 we analyze net-, in-, out-migration intensity, and their changes over time in this study. Strong spatial variations in migration intensity were found in China's interprovincial migration, and substantial increase in migration intensity was also detected in eastern China during 1985-2010. Eight key destinations are mostly located within the three rapidly growing economic zones of eastern China (Pearl River Delta, Yangtze River Delta and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Metropolitan Region), and they are classified into three types: mature, emerging, and fluctuant origins, while most key origins are relatively undeveloped central and western provinces, which are exactly in accordance with China's economic development patterns. The results of bicomponent trend mapping indicate that, in a sense, the migration in the south was more active than the north over the last three decades. The result shows the new changing features of spatial-temporal patterns of China's interprovincial migration that Fan and Chen did not find out in their research. A series of social-economic changes including rural transformation, balanced regional development, and labor market changes should be paid more attention to explore China's future interprovincial migration.     

利用核磁共振技术对丘陵油田低渗储层可动油的研究

为了定量评价储层可动油饱和度及渗流能力,应用核磁共振技术对丘陵油田40块岩心的可动油饱和度进行了定量测试.研究表明,丘陵油田低渗透储层可动油饱和度值的分布范围是4.8%~56.7%,平均值为33.4%.可动油饱和度高低与岩心孔隙度、渗透率及驱油效率呈正相关关系.各类储层可动油饱和度差异较大,储层沉积微相及物性决定了可动油饱和度和渗流能力的大小.