坛紫菜（Porphyra haitanensis）丝状藻体生长增殖的优化调控培养条件研究

丝状藻体是紫菜生活史中的重要阶段,其生长增殖与环境条件密切相关.本研究考察了与坛紫菜丝状藻体生长增殖相关的多个影响因子,探讨了可促进坛紫菜丝状藻体生长、达到生长速率快的优化调控培养条件.具体操作实施过程为：初始丝状藻体来自成熟紫菜叶状体的果孢子释放,基于8因子3水平的正交实验设计方案[采用正交表L27（313）],确定了丝状藻体生长对多个环境因子的响应以及优化的调控培养条件.结果表明,除开pH、复合维生素浓度和NaHCO3浓度外,其他因子对丝状藻体生长均有显著的影响（p≤0.043 8）.获得的优化调控培养条件为：温度18℃、光强27μmol/m2·s-1、盐度25、pH值8.5、复合维生素浓度15μg/dm3、NaHCO3浓度2 mg/dm3、每天光照时数18 h、营养液浓度为f培养介质.优化调控培养条件下的丝状藻体生长速率高达12.07%,平均值±标准偏差SD为（10.70±0.88）%/d.     

基于 Gamit 解算的 NNCORS 站点CGCS2000坐标的确定方法

本文以南宁市NNCORS站点为例,介绍了基于GAMIT的基线平差法和框架转换法求解NNCORS站点的CGCS2000坐标,分析了两种方法的求解精度,并对两种解算结果进行比较,为城市CORS站点CGCS2000坐标确定提供参考。     

Chinese Contribution to CMIP5：An Overview of Five Chinese Models’Performances

An overview of Chinese contribution to Coupled Model Intercomparison Project-Phase 5 （CMIP5） is presented. The performances of five Chinese Climate/Earth System Models that participated in the CMIP5 pro ject are assessed in the context of climate mean states, seasonal cycle, intraseasonal oscillation, interan-nual variability, interdecadal variability, global monsoon, Asian-Australian monsoon, 20th-century historical climate simulation, climate change pro jection, and climate sensitivity. Both the strengths and weaknesses of the models are evaluated. The models generally show reasonable performances in simulating sea surface tem-perature （SST） mean state, seasonal cycle, spatial patterns of Madden-Julian oscillation （MJO） amplitude and tropical cyclone Genesis Potential Index （GPI）, global monsoon precipitation pattern, El Ni-no-Southern Oscillation （ENSO）, and Pacific Decadal Oscillation （PDO） related SST anomalies. However, the perfor-mances of the models in simulating the time periods, amplitude, and phase locking of ENSO, PDO time periods, GPI magnitude, MJO propagation, magnitude of SST seasonal cycle, northwestern Pacific mon-soon and North American monsoon domains, as well as the skill of large-scale Asian monsoon precipitation need to be improved. The model performances in simulating the time evolution and spatial pattern of the 20th-century global warming and the future change under representative concentration pathways pro jection are compared to the multimodel ensemble of CMIP5 models. The model discrepancies in terms of climate sensitivity are also discussed.     

北部湾经济区陆海统一似大地水准面精化关键技术研究北大核心CSCD

针对北部湾经济区生态文明建设、海洋资源利用和海洋应急救援事件处置等缺乏统一的陆海高程基准等难题,本文首先利用广西北部湾经济区2764项重力数据和8项GNSS水准数据,应用第二类Helmert凝聚法,反演得到广西北部湾海域及沿大陆海岸线向内陆延伸约15 000 km^(2)区域内置信度较高的重力似大地水准面;然后参考重力场选取EIGEN6C4模型,重力似大地水准面对比8项GNSS水准资料,其精度达2.2 cm;最后采用球冠调和分析方法,将2′×2′格网似大地水准面精度提高至1.6 cm,并将陆地高程基准传递到广西北部湾海域及其海岛上,实现该区域陆海高程基准的统一。     

利用TSVD参数估值变化特性确定算法截断参数

TSVD是大地测量病态问题解算的常用有效方法。影响TSVD解算效果的关键因素是截断参数,现有截断参数确定方法可提供有效的截断参数,但仍难以给出最优截断参数。以均方误差最小为准则确定截断参数是一种理论依据较充分的截断参数确定方法,但均方误差计算所需的模型参数真值在实际应用中无法获得,导致该方法难以给出理论最优截断参数。鉴于此,本文研究了基于均方误差影响下(方差与偏差联合影响)参数估值变化特性的TSVD截断参数确定方法。通过TSVD依次截掉小奇异值,获得奇异值截掉前后的方差与参数估值变化,利用两者变化分析确定偏差影响,避免依赖参数真值计算偏差,从而确定出均方误差最小理论下的截断参数。数值与应用试验结果表明,本文方法确定的截断参数可有效改善TSVD解算效果,是一种行之有效的截断参数确定方法。     

人工示踪方法评价地下水入渗补给及其优先流程度——以河北栾城和衡水为例

利用传统人工示踪剂峰值方法评价地下水入渗补给存在精度低和适用性差等缺点。为此,本文提出了多区模型方法,采用保守型示踪剂溴和氚对河北栾城和衡水地区进行了不同土地利用方式和不同深度下地下水入渗补给评价。结果表明,栾城和衡水地区地下水入渗补给量分别为124.3 mm/a和13.7 mm/a,与传统方法(103.3 mm/a和0.0 mm/a)相比,多区模型方法的评价结果更符合实际。同时对由优先流引起的地下水入渗补给量进行了分析,栾城和衡水地区优先流程度分别为28.7%和2.3%。秸秆覆盖抑制降雨或灌溉水入渗补给地下水,降低优先流程度,而植被覆盖有利于土壤水优先流的形成。地下水入渗补给量及其优先流程度与示踪深度均无明显相关性,且受土壤结构控制。     

黔北下志留统龙马溪组烃源岩有机地球化学特征及其古环境意义

通过对黔北地区下志留统龙马溪组烃源岩的有机碳、类异戊间二烯烃、萜烷及甾烷等有机地球化学的研究,发现具有以下特征:①正构烷烃分布以单峰分布为主,主峰碳为nC18~nC20;②Pr/Ph比值在0.16~1.24之间,普遍具有植烷优势;③伽马蜡烷指数0.10;④Ts/(Tm+Ts)比值较高,在0.42~0.61之间,且分布十分稳定;⑤C27/C29甾烷比值在0.65~1.53之间,多数样品具C29甾烷分布优势;⑥有机碳含量普遍大于0.5%,且自下向上呈规律性递减;⑦δ13Corg-28‰,普遍偏轻。这些特征均指示研究区龙马溪组的有机物产率较高,同时具有良好的有机质保存环境。通过对比岩性及有机地球化学剖面,将龙马溪组烃源岩划分为3个发育阶段。     

青海格尔木哈希牙地区中基性岩墙群地球化学特征与LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄

位于东昆仑造山带上的东昆北哈希牙地区发育中基性岩墙群。其岩性主要为辉绿岩、闪斜煌斑岩和闪长玢岩,地球化学数据显示其具有高钾钙碱性玄武岩系列特征。轻、重稀土元素存在较高程度分馏,LREE/HREE值为4.72~8.66,平均值为6.57。δEu值介于0.81~0.98之间,平均值为0.91,显示出微弱的负Eu异常,表明斜长石的分离结晶作用不明显,富集Rb、Ba、Pb、K等大离子亲石元素,贫高场强元素Ta、Nb、Zr、Hf等地球化学特征,主体显示板内玄武岩特征,但有来自俯冲带的部分信息。采用LA-ICP-MS技术对锆石进行了U-Th-Pb同位素测定,结果显示锆石年龄较为分散,其中8颗岩浆锆石给出的206Pb/238U年龄加权平均值为411.5±7.5Ma,代表了格尔木哈希牙地区辉绿岩墙的结晶年龄,反映东昆北地块于晚志留世—早泥盆世已由地体碰撞的挤压状态转为碰撞后伸展状态,标志着该地区加里东期构造旋回的结束。     

GIS and SBF for estimating groundwater recharge of a mountainous basin in the Wu River watershed,Taiwan

The temporal and spatial distributions of precipitation are extremely uneven; so, careful management of water resources in Taiwan is crucial. The long-term overexploitation of groundwater resources poses a challenge to water resource management in Taiwan. However, assessing groundwater resources in mountainous basins is challenging due to limited information. In this study, a geographic information system (GIS) and stable base-flow (SBF) techniques were used to assess the characteristics of groundwater recharge considering the Wu River watershed in central Taiwan as a study area. First, a GIS approach was used to integrate five contributing factors: lithology, land cover/land use, lineaments, drainage, and slope. The weights of factors contributing to the groundwater recharge were obtained from aerial photos, geological maps, a land use database, and field verification. Second, the SBF was used to estimate the groundwater recharge in a mountainous basin scale. The concept of the SBF technique was to separate the base-flow from the total streamflow discharge in order to obtain a measure of groundwater recharge. The SBF technique has the advantage of integrating groundwater recharge across an entire basin without complex hydro-geologic modelling and detailed knowledge of the soil characteristics. In this study, our approach for estimating recharge provides not only an estimate of how much water becomes groundwater, but also explains the characteristics of a potential groundwater recharge zone.