喜马拉雅造山带中段北坡构造地貌初步研究

研究区位于喜马拉雅造山带中段北坡, 构造地貌丰富、典型.本文在野外调查的基础上, 将区内构造地貌分为断裂构造地貌、花岗岩构造地貌、夷平面构造地貌、冰川构造地貌、水系及阶地构造地貌和土林构造地貌等类型, 并对这些构造地貌特征进行初步分析描述, 为喜马拉雅造山带的构造隆升研究提供了地表构造地貌上的有力信息.      

太行山南段早元古代基性脉岩的~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar年代学及其构造意义

针对华北克拉通中部地区(即Zhaoetal.(2001)称之的中部带)内元古代未变形变质基性岩墙群重要组成部分的太行山南段基性岩脉开展了较为系统的40Ar-39Ar年代学研究,研究结果表明:区内三条NWW或NNE走向的基性岩脉(99JX-16、99JX-65、99JX-71)在>80%的39Ar累积量基础上分别给出了1765.3±1.1Ma,1774.7±0.7Ma,1780.7±0.5Ma的坪谱年龄。1781～1765Ma的年龄限定了区内基性岩脉的侵位年龄,该年龄也一致于恒山NWW向未变形基性岩脉1769.1±2.5Ma的单颗粒锆石U-Pb年龄。上述资料较好地约束了华北陆块早元古代基性岩脉的形成年龄。这为深入理解华北陆块1800Ma左右的热构造事件和华北早前寒武纪构造演化提供新的年代学资料。     

改性碳酸氢铵的结构特征及其肥效增效机理研究

利用有机-无机(矿物)控释材料对碳酸氢铵进行改性，制成改性碳酸氢铵。盆栽试验结果显示，在等重条件下，改性碳酸氢铵较普通碳酸氢铵有较大幅度的增产。运用X射线衍射分析及红外光谱对改性碳酸氢铵的结构进行研究，发现其晶体结构发生较大的变化，差热分析结果也表明，改性碳酸氢铵的热分解温度比普通碳酸氢铵提高30℃。这种晶体结构的变化增加了改性碳酸氢氨的稳定性，从而延长了其肥效并提高了N的利用率。     

浙江杭州地区孝丰-三门湾断裂晚第四纪活动性研究

北西走向的孝丰—三门湾断裂是浙北地区一条重要的断裂。该断裂第四纪以来表现为左旋走滑,并水平断错了北东走向的萧山—球川断裂和东西走向的昌化—普陀断裂。这三条断裂交汇于杭州地区并造成了钱塘江的拐弯。在孝丰—三门湾断裂与北东走向断裂的交汇处曾有多次地震发生。通过在孝丰—三门湾断裂（杭州段）上布设的4 个探槽,发现该断裂附近存在一系列近于东西走向及北东走向的晚更新世活动断裂。这些断层活动可能是由孝丰—三门湾主干断裂的活动引起的,并调节着孝丰—三门湾主干断裂的活动,减弱断裂附近应力,降低区域地震危害性。采用了光释光（OSL）测年方法来限定断层活动时代,并采用孢粉测年对OSL 年龄进行验证。依据OSL 年龄,探槽所揭露的断层活动均发生距今1.65 万年之前,存在两次断层活动,分别发生于1.65~1.97 万年和4.2~5.12 万年。孝丰—三门湾断裂在晚更新世有所活动的认识对于杭州地区乃至整个浙北地区未来的地震危险性评价具有重要的意义。     

沉积型一水硬铝石型铝土矿床勘查评价中 几个问题的探讨—以黔北铝土矿床为例

以黔北铝土矿为例,对沉积型一水硬铝石型铝土矿勘查评价中的4个问题进行讨论,并提出:(1)将勘查类型按普查、详查、勘探阶段分别用初定、暂定、确定来进行定性;(2)用"菱形孔"而非"矩形孔"的布置方法来解决勘查类型的变更与工程控制间距非整倍数的问题;(3)"地表工程间距加密一倍"的适用范围是:露采且处于"剥蚀区"内的矿体。地表露头线呈线状展布且上覆有岩层或虽也强风化,但仍保存原岩层层理迹象的范围,则可与勘查类型和勘查阶段同距同网;(4)普查、详查阶段中工程矿体边界A/S的取值可在1.8～2.6之间,以保证块段矿体中的A/S值达到工业要求即可。     

卡林型金矿石中金的赋存状态分析新方法

卡林型金矿富含有机质,金主要呈显微一超显微分散状态存在,利用工艺矿物学参数自动检测分析仪(MLA)及传统化学方法只能大致判断矿石中金的赋存趋势,无法对其赋存状态准确定量.本文利用MLA仪器系统分析贵州回龙卡林型金矿,测得矿石中金主要以显微-超显微状态包裹于黄铁矿和毒砂中,少量被脉石等其他矿石包裹;黄铁矿约66％完全解离,而毒砂仅30％完全解离,载金矿物与其他矿物连生或者被包裹,将不利于硫化物包裹金的浸出.结合回龙金矿石中金的赋存特征和富含有机质的特点,对传统的物相分析流程进行改进,调整了硫化物包裹金和碳酸盐包裹金的浸出顺序,提出裸露金-碳酸盐包裹金-硫化物包裹金-硅酸盐包裹金的浸出流程,在裸露金及碳酸盐包裹金浸出时加入活性炭,利用竞争吸附抑制矿石中有机炭对金的吸附,降低有机炭对分相的影响.对比试验结果表明,采用改进的方法,有机炭含量在1％左右的金矿石分相时加入活性炭对各相测定值的影响不大;先浸出碳酸盐包裹金,再测定硫化物包裹金,各相的测定数据更加准确.改进的方法(加活性炭)用于测定回龙金矿中裸露金和碳酸盐、硫化物、硅酸盐包裹金,含量分别为1.25％、84.17％、11.46％和3.13％,与选矿试验结果相一致,表明该法适合应用于卡林型金矿中金的赋存状态分析.     

扬子陆块西缘古元古代基性侵入岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素及其地质意义

扬子陆块西缘康滇南北向构造带内发育大量古元古代基性岩脉（墙）,它们对于认识扬子陆块早期的构造演化具有重要意义。对四川会理地区侵入到元古界通安组内的辉长岩进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Th-Pb同位素测定,获得的207Pb/206Pb加权平均年龄为1694Ma±16Ma（MSWD=0.9）,代表了该辉长岩的形成和侵位时代,这一结果指示会理地区通安组应为古元古代地层。辉长岩全岩地球化学具有类似于N-MORB的特征。辉长岩锆石初始（176Hf/177Hf）i值为0.281881~0.281982,对应的εHf（t）为6.2~9.8,单阶段亏损地幔Hf模式年龄tDM1为1738~1883Ma,平均值为1803Ma。这些数据表明古元古代辉长岩来源于亏损地幔,指示古元古代晚期扬子西缘之下存在亏损地幔。结合扬子西缘大量古老的碎屑锆石,推测扬子陆块西缘存在太古宙—古元古代的结晶基底。与扬子陆块西缘古元古代晚期基性侵入岩形成有关的幔源岩浆事件明显晚于扬子陆块古元古代碰撞造山及造山后的伸展作用,记录了扬子陆块古元古代晚期一次伸展过程,可能是Columbia超大陆裂解作用在扬子陆块的响应。     

Dextral‐Slip Thrust Faulting and Seismic Events of the Ms 8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake,Longmenshan Mountains,Eastern Margin of the Tibetan Plateau

Abstract: Dextral-slip thrust movement of the Songpan-Garzê terrain over the Sichuan block caused the Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake of May 12, 2008 and offset the Central Longmenshan Fault (CLF) along a distance of ~250 km. Displacement along the CLF changes from Yingxiu to Qingchuan. The total oblique slip of up to 7.6 m in Yingxiu near the epicenter of the earthquake, decreases northeastward to 5.3 m, 6.6 m, 4.4 m, 2.5 m and 1.1 m in Hongkou, Beichuan, Pingtong, Nanba and Qingchuan, respectively. This offset apparently occurred during a sequence of four reported seismic events, EQ1–EQ4, which were identified by seismic inversion of the source mechanism. These events occurred in rapid succession as the fault break propagated northeastward during the earthquake. Variations in the plunge of slickensides along the CLF appear to match these events. The Mw 7.5 EQ1 event occurred during the first 0–10 s along the Yingxiu-Hongkou section of the CLF and is characterized by 1.7 m vertical slip and vertical slickensides. The Mw 8.0 EQ2 event, which occurred during the next 10–42 s along the Yingxiu-Yanziyan section of the CLF, is marked by major dextral-slip with minor thrust and slickensides plunging 25°–35° southwestward. The Mw 7.5 EQ3 event occurred during the following 42–60 s and resulted in dextral-slip and slickensides plunging 10° southwestward in Beichuan and plunging 73° southwestward in Hongkou. The Mw 7.7 EQ4 event, which occurred during the final 60–95 s along the Beichuan-Qingchuan section of the CLF, is characterized by nearly equal values of dextral and vertical slips with slickensides plunging 45°–50° southwestward. These seismic events match and evidently controlled the concentrations of landslide dams caused by the Wenchuan earthquake in Longmenshan Mountains.     

Co‐seismic Faults and Geological Hazards and Incidence of Active Fault of Wenchuan Ms 8.0 Earthquake,Sichuan, China

Abstract: There are two co-seismic faults which developed when the Wenchuan earthquake happened. One occurred along the active fault zone in the central Longmen Mts. and the other in the front of Longmen Mts. The length of which is more than 270 km and about 80 km respectively. The co-seismic fault shows a reverse flexure belt with strike of N45°–60°E in the ground, which caused uplift at its northwest side and subsidence at the southeast. The fault face dips to the northwest with a dip angle ranging from 50° to 60°. The vertical offset of the co-seismic fault ranges 2.5–3.0 m along the Yingxiu-Beichuan co-seismic fault, and 1.5–1.1 m along the Doujiangyan-Hanwang fault. Movement of the co-seismic fault presents obvious segmented features along the active fault zone in central Longmen Mts. For instance, in the section from Yingxiu to Leigu town, thrust without evident slip occurred; while from Beichuan to Qingchuan, thrust and dextral strike-slip take place. Main movement along the front Longmen Mts. shows thrust without slip and segmented features. The area of earthquake intensity more than IX degree and the distribution of secondary geological hazards occurred along the hanging wall of co-seismic faults, and were consistent with the area of aftershock, and its width is less than 40km from co-seismic faults in the hanging wall. The secondary geological hazards, collapses, landslides, debris flows et al., concentrated in the hanging wall of co-seismic fault within 0–20 km from co-seismic fault.     

某水电站坝前左岸古滑坡成因机制分析

古滑坡坐落于Ⅱ级阶地台面上,堆积物最大厚度可达50m余。利用FLAC^3D数值模拟得到的滑面在前缘位于基覆界面附近,与野外调查的结果一致。结合雅砻江河谷演化历史,从斜坡演化机制、边坡岩体的变形破坏模式,分析了古滑坡成因机制。研究表明：雅砻江快速下切使岸坡岩体浅表改造程度较为剧烈,不断增加的重力堆积静荷载与崩塌形成的瞬时冲击荷载加速了岩体的弯曲一拉裂变形进程,造成Ⅱ级阶地基座岩体发生突发性折断破坏．从而导致古滑坡失稳。