Integrating multi-agent evacuation simulation and multi-criteria evaluation for spatial allocation of urban emergency shelters

The timely and secure evacuation of residents to nearby urban emergency shelters is of great importance during unexpected disaster events. However, evacuation and allocation of shelters are seldom examined as a whole, even though they are usually closely related tasks in disaster management. To conduct better spatial allocation of emergency shelters in cities, this study proposes a new method which integrates techniques of multi-agent system and multi-criteria evaluation for spatial allocation of urban emergency shelters. Compared with the traditional emergency shelter allocation methods, the proposed method highlights the importance of dynamic emergency evacuation simulations for spatial allocation suitability analysis. Three kinds of agents involved in evacuation and sheltering procedures are designed: government agents, shelter agents, and resident agents. Emergency evacuations are simulated based on the interactions of these agents to find potential problems, for example, time-consuming evacuation processes and road congestion. A case study in Jing’an District, Shanghai, China was conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method. After three rounds of simulation and optimization, new shelters were spatially allocated and a detailed recommended plan of shelters and related facilities was generated. The optimized spatial allocation of shelters may help local residents to be evacuated more quickly and securely.     

江苏省沿江基础产业带开发模式与路径

依据国际资本转移特征和沿长江资源开发特征、产业发展基础等,江苏长江沿江地区适合建设国际化基础产业带。文章从经济全球化和国际资本转移的机遇,基础产业通江达海的布局要求,良好的市场空间基础等方面分析了江苏省沿江基础产业带建设的背景和机遇;在借鉴国际大河流域开发经验的基础上,提出了基础产业带开发的基本模式,并针对可能存在问题和风险提出规避路径。     

南山26米射电望远镜轨道高差测量及其对指向精度的影响

轮轨式天线的轨道作为承载整个天线重量的基础,其精度直接影响天线在方位方向运转的平稳性,引起天线轴系偏差从而影响天线的指向精度。介绍改造后的乌鲁木齐南山26 m射电望远镜(Nanshan Radio Telescope, NSRT)轨道结构以及轨道高差测量,并建立天线在不同方位、俯仰角下轨道高差引起天线指向偏差的数学模型。利用"十字扫描"法实测多颗标准源在相应位置的指向数据,并通过高斯拟合得到指向偏差。通过分析可知,轨道高差引起的指向偏差经过修正可以提高天线的指向精度。     

Wind-Driven Dissolved Organic Matter Dynamics in a Chesapeake Bay Tidal Marsh-Estuary System

Controls on organic matter cycling across the tidal wetland-estuary interface have proved elusive, but high-resolution observations coupled with process-based modeling can be a powerful methodology to address shortcomings in either methodology alone. In this study, detailed observations and three-dimensional hydrodynamic modeling are used to examine biogeochemical exchanges in the marsh-estuary system of the Rhode River, MD, USA. Analysis of observations near the marsh in 2015 reveals a strong relationship between marsh creek salinity and dissolved organic matter fluorescence (fDOM), with wind velocity indirectly driving large amplitude variation of both salinity and fDOM at certain times of the year. Three-dimensional model results from the Finite Volume Community Ocean Model implemented for the wetland system with a new marsh grass drag module are consistent with observations, simulating sub-tidal variability of marsh creek salinity. The model results exhibit an interaction between wind-driven variation in surface elevation and flow velocity at the marsh creek, with northerly winds driving increased freshwater signal and discharge out of the modeled wetland during precipitation events. Wind setup of a water surface elevation gradient axially along the estuary drives the modeled local sub-tidal flow and thus salinity variability. On sub-tidal time scales (>36 h, <1 week), wind is important in mediating dissolved organic matter releases from the Kirkpatrick Marsh into the Rhode River.     

引黄入晋工程的桩号系统设计与应用

对于象引黄入晋工程这样的由多个混凝土建筑物紧密且“硬性”衔接而成的,高精度、超长线路工程来说,村号系统设计是一个十分重要且具有实际应用意义的问题,为了避免高斯投影误差与高程投影误差对桩号的影响,解决桩号方面由此而引起的矛盾,以及满足工程远程运营管理对桩号的要求,作者提出了在工程的勘测设计、施工和运营管理等阶段中,应分别使用设计桩号、施工桩号和管理桩号,这３种桩号就构成了超长线路工程的桩号系统。文中     

适用于关阀分析算法的供水管网单元-阀门图模型

关阀分析在供水管网施工中用来快速确定最佳的关阀停水方案,对于供水安全具有重要意义。在管网传统结点-A立图模型的基础上,提出了优化实体数量并简洁表达拓扑结构的单元一阀门图模型。该模型是结点A立图的一种伪对偶图,它将管网内被阀门区隔形成的封闭连通区域归为顶点,将分隔两个区域的阀门作为边。设计了关断单元生成算法,从而实现单元一阀门图的构建,并提出基于该模型的高效供水管网关阀分析算法。实验表明,与基于结点-A立图的传统算法相比较,结合单元一阀门图模型的新算法能够大幅度提高关阀分析效率,并且可以在多施工点情况下得出正确的关阀方案。     

黑龙江龙江盆地中侏罗统万宝组时代确定新证据及其地质意义

黑龙江西部大兴安岭地区侏罗纪地层研究程度不高,以往中侏罗世含煤地层的确定主要借助于与吉林西部万宝组的对比。近年来随着新一轮大兴安岭地区含煤及油气地层的区域地质调查工作的开展,笔者在大兴安岭地区中段的龙江盆地（黑龙江省龙江县以西）发现一套新的中侏罗世含煤地层,该地层由砂砾岩和火山碎屑岩夹煤层组成。文中对龙江盆地万宝组火山岩夹层内2件凝灰岩进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年分析,获得凝灰岩形成时代,其年龄分别为(165.2±1.7) Ma和(162.1±1.6) Ma;笔者采得的植物大化石为Neocalamites Coniopteris Raphaelia组合,时代显示为早-中侏罗世;孢粉化石经初步鉴定,时代倾向于早-中侏罗世;综合同位素年龄及地层古生物研究,笔者认为龙江盆地万宝组的形成时代为中侏罗世晚期。地球化学分析显示：万宝组凝灰岩具有高Si、Al,低Ca、P过铝质钙碱性火山岩特点,富集轻稀土元素,配分曲线呈平缓右倾型,并具有明显负Eu异常;富集大离子亲石元素Cs、Th、U,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ti、Zr,反映火山岩为壳源成因类型。万宝期火山活动可能与古太平洋板块俯冲作用和蒙古-鄂霍茨克缝合带演化双重作用有关,而与蒙古-鄂霍茨克缝合带演化联系更密切。目前中侏罗统万宝组是油气勘探的重要新层系,本研究不仅为大兴安岭东坡地区中侏罗世含煤地层的划分、对比提供同位素年代学和生物地层学依据,而且为龙江盆地形成演化历史及油气资源勘查提供了基础地质新资料。     

氧化铝粉对微孔方镁石—镁铝尖晶石耐火骨料显微结构和性能的影响

以盐湖轻烧MgO粉和煅烧Al2O3粉为原料制备了4组微孔方镁石－镁铝尖晶石耐火骨料(镁铝尖晶石5 wt.%~20 wt.%),并采用XRD、SEM和压汞仪等研究了煅烧Al2O3粉添加量(3.7 wt.%,7.7 wt.%,12.1 wt.%和16.8 wt%)对其显微结构和性能的影响。煅烧Al2O3粉在骨料内部形成多孔状镁铝尖晶石颗粒,增加其添加量,可增大微孔骨料的显气孔率,降低体积密度。尽管多孔状镁铝尖晶石微颗粒与MgO微颗粒间存在微裂纹,降低了耐火骨料的抗折强度,但该多孔镁铝尖晶石微颗粒能够诱导微孔骨料中微裂纹产生偏转和裂纹分支,在经受热震冲击时,能改善微孔骨料的热震稳定性。当煅烧Al2O3粉的添加量为7.7wt.%时,微孔方镁石－镁铝尖晶石耐火骨料拥有最佳的综合性能,其体积密度为3.23 g/cm3,中位孔径为386.1 nm,抗折强度为45.2 MPa,800 °C导热系数为10.5 W/(m·K),热震后抗折强度保持率最高(97.0%)。     

冀中坳陷下第三系构造背斜成因分类

冀中坳陷的下第三系构造背斜主要形成于伸展断陷背景下 ,与正断层系统联系紧密。根据背斜与断层关系 ,基本类型可分为 3种 ,即纵向、横向和复合背斜 ;根据具体构造力学背景 ,这 3种背斜可进一步分为 8类 ,即 :重力滑动型、张扭型、拆离拱张型、逆牵引型、断层线偏转型、侧接型、复杂变换型、复合型。这些背斜是构造演化的产物 ,在一定程度上指示了坳陷内的构造演化规律 ,同时又是形成油气藏的有利圈闭 ,目前已取得显著勘探成效     

探讨地震台站监测环境的保护问题

从地震监测环境的概念入手,具体阐述了地震监测环境保护的重要性、保护监测环境面临的困难以及加强地震台站监测环境的保护措施。