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311.
DUAN Hong-yu YAO Xiao-jun LIU Shi-yin GAO Yong-peng QI Miao-miao LIU Juan ZHANG Da-hong LI Xiao-feng 《山地科学学报》2019,336(11):2663-2678
To improve our knowledge of glacier change in the Tanggula Mountains located in the northeast of the Tibetan Plateau, we delineated outlines of the glaciers in 1991 and 2015 using Landsat TM/OLI images and compared them with the reported glacier data in the First Chinese Glacier Inventory in 1969 and the Second Chinese Glacier Inventory in 2007. These comparisons showed that the glacier area and ice volume decreased by 524.8 km 2 and 37 km 3, respectively. The majority of the glacier area loss was concentrated in the area class of 1–5 km 2, between 5300 m and 5500 m in elevation, on north and east facing slopes and in the Dam Qu River basin. These glacier changes exhibited spatial and temporal differences. The glacier retreat rate gradually increased from 1969 to 2015, and the rate in the east was higher than that in the west. From 1969 to 2015, the warming rate in the Tanggula Mountains was 0.38℃/10a, while the annual precipitation only increased by 0.4%. The slight increase in the amount of precipitation made a limited contribution to glacier change, while the change in temperature led to noticeable shrinkage of the glaciers. Contrary to the retreat or stagnation of most glaciers in the study area, there were 10 glaciers that experienced clear advance in 1986–2015 with noticeable increases in both area and length. Whether or not these 10 glaciers are surge glaciers requires further study. 相似文献
312.
Heavy metals are widely distributed contaminants in natural environments and their potential threats to human health have attracted worldwide concerns due to the food chain. Therefore, great efforts have been made to reduce them to a safe level in soil. Compared with the traditional methods, the method using plants to remove them has been accepted as a feasible and efficient way. Herein, the geochemical behavior of heavy metals and the restoration methods with phytoremediation were reviewed. In addition, issues on heavy metal speciation as well as its influencing factors, phytoremediation mechanism, phytoremediation effect and vegetation selection principle used for phytoremediation were discussed. 相似文献
313.
HUANG Fa-rong YANG Tao LI Qian LI Si-si LI Lan-hai ADSAVAKULCHAI Suwannee 《山地科学学报》2019,128(6):1381-1395
The investigation of concentration characteristics of reference evapotranspiration (ETref) is important for water resources management. The concentration index (CI), concentration degree (CD) and concentration period (CP) are used to investigate the concentration characteristics of ETref and the relationship between ETref concentration and precipitation concentration at sub-monthly timescale based on the daily climatic variables from 1966 to 2015 in 27 meteorological stations at the southern and northern slopes of Tianshan Mountains in China. It was found that the CI of ETref is about 0.40 and less concentrated than precipitation in the study area. At the southern slope, the maximum ETref appears in late June and is earlier than the maximum precipitation (early July), ETref distributes more equally than precipitation, and the CI, CD and CP of these two variables do not show significant change based on the Mann-Kendall test. At the northern slope, both the maximum ETref and precipitation appear in early July, and ETref is more dispersed than precipitation. During the study period, the maximum ETref at the northern slope tends to appear earlier due to the impacts of wind speed, relative humidity, sunshine duration, and air temperature. ETref concentration does not match the precipitation concentration in the study area, particularly at the southern slope. The mismatch between ETref and precipitation concentration within a year reveals the water resources pressure on environmental, social and economic sustainability in the study area. 相似文献
314.
Precipitation has a significant influence on the hydro-thermal state of the active layer in permafrost regions,which disturbs the surface energy balance,carbon flux,ecosystem,hydrological cycles and landscape processes. To better understand the hydro-thermal dynamics of active layer and the interactions between rainfall and permafrost,we applied the coupled heat and mass transfer model for soil-plant-atmosphere system into high-altitude permafrost regions in this study. Meteorological data,soil temperature,heat flux and moisture content from different depths within the active layer were used to calibrate and validate this model. Thereafter,the precipitation was increased to explore the effect of recent climatic wetting on the thermal state of the active layer. The primary results demonstrate that the variation of active layer thickness under the effect of short-term increased precipitation is not obvious,while soil surface heat flux can show the changing trends of thermal state in active layer,which should not be negligible. An increment in year-round precipitation leads to a cooling effect on active layers in the frozen season,i.e. verifying the insulating effect of 相似文献
315.
CAI Jun-chao JU Neng-pan HUANG Run-qiu ZHENG Da ZHAO Wei-hua LI Long-qi HUANG Jian 《山地科学学报》2019,16(4):924-934
Recently, various toppling slopes have emerged with the development of hydropower projects in the western mountainous regions of China. The slope on the right bank of the Laxiwa Hydropower Station, located on the mainstream of the Yellow River in the Qinghai Province of Northwest China, is a typical hard rock slope. Further, its deformation characteristics are different from those of common natural hard rock toppling. Because this slope is located close to the dam of the hydropower station, its deformation mechanism has a practical significance. Based on detailed geological engineering surveys, four stages of deformation have been identified using discrete element numerical software and geological engineering analysis methods, including toppling creep, initial toppling deformation, intensified toppling deformation, and current slope formation. The spatial and time-related deformation of this site also exhibited four stages, including initial toppling, toppling development, intensification of toppling, and disintegration and collapse. Subsequently, the mechanism of toppling and deformation of the bank slope were studied. The results of this study exhibit important reference value for developing the prevention–control design of toppling and for ensuring operational safety in the hydropower reservoir area. 相似文献
316.
LI De-ying SUN Yi-qing YIN Kun-long MIAO Fa-sheng GLADE Thomas LEO Chin 《山地科学学报》2019,11(9):2203-2214
In order to reach the designated final water level of 175 m, there were three impoundment stages in the Three Gorges Reservoir, with water levels of 135 m, 156 m and 175 m. Baishuihe landslide in the Reservoir was chosen to analyze its displacement characteristics and displacement variability at the different stages. Based on monitoring data, the landslide displacement was mainly influenced by rainfall and drawdown of the reservoir water level. However, the magnitude of the rise and drawdown of the water level after the reservoir water level reached 175 m did not accelerate landslide displacement. The prediction of landslide displacement for active landslides is very important for landslide risk management. The time series of cumulative displacement was divided into a trend term and a periodic term using the Hodrick-Prescott (HP) filter method. The polynomial model was used to predict the trend term. The extreme learning machine (ELM) and least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) were chosen to predict the periodic term. In the prediction model for the periodic term, input variables based on the effects of rainfall and reservoir water level in landslide displacement were selected using grey relational analysis. Based on the results, the prediction precision of ELM is better than that of LS-SVM for predicting landslide displacement. The method for predicting landslide displacement could be applied by relevant authorities in making landslide emergency plans in the future. 相似文献
317.
This study aims to investigate the correlation between the permeation effect and microfabric of the slip zone soils with Huangtupo landslide in the Three Gorges Reservoir as the study case. Based on the permeability test and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images analysis, the fractal theory and probability entropy are used to quantify the characteristics of the remodeling specimens. First, the relationships between initial moisture content (IMC) and microstructure of the soil (percentage of particle area (PPA), pore roundness (Rp)) before and after permeability test are summarized. Then, the fractal dimension of the soil (pore distribution (Dpd), pore size (Dps)) are analyzed under the permeation effect. Based on the probability entropy, the entropy of pore (Ep) is used to characterize the porosity orientation, and the rose diagrams are used to show the particle orientation under the permeation effect. Finally, the relationship between the microstructure of the soil and its mechanical property is discussed. Results show that under the permeation effect, the microstructure of the soil has undergone tremendous changes. A flat long pore channel is formed. The order of the pore arrangement is enhanced, and soil particles switch the long axis to parallel infiltration direction to reach a new steady state. It can be inferred that the strength of soil would be weakened if the fractal dimension of soil pore decreases under any external environment. 相似文献
318.
目的：探讨甲状旁腺腺瘤（PA）的4D-DECT影像特征及物质成分信息,评价其定位及定性诊断价值。资料和方法：回顾性分析经手术及病理证实的53例PA患者的临床资料及4D-DECT影像资料,逐一观察并记录CT征象,分别对病变与邻近组织的CT衰减值（HU）、碘浓度、Rho、Z值及DEI进行测定及比较分析。结果：53例患者中,52例（98.11%）为单发病灶,1例（1.89%）为多发病灶,共计病灶54枚,其中32枚（59.26%）位于气管-食管旁沟,10枚（18.52%）为异位腺瘤,22枚（40.74%）可见“短线征”,14枚（25.93%）可见“极血管征”;动脉期（90 kV）图像PA与甲状腺CT值无明显差异,平扫、动脉期（混合0.5、150 kV）及静脉期（90 kV、混合0.5、150 kV）图像中PA、甲状腺及淋巴结CT值均有差异。动脉期及静脉期淋巴结的碘浓度、Z值及DEI明显低于PA及甲状腺,静脉期PA的碘浓度、Z值及DEI明显低于甲状腺;动脉期及静脉期甲状腺Rho明显高于PA,动脉期PA的Rho明显高于淋巴结。结论：4D-DECT可较好地显示PA的影像学特征,还可以提供病变的碘浓度等多种物质成分信息,有助于提高PA的诊断准确性。 相似文献
319.
动载作用下混凝土随应力变化的系列CT图像完整地记录了混凝土内部破损过程,在CT图像中能直接观察到细观裂纹时混凝土往往已发生宏观破坏,挖掘混凝土材料损伤的细观信息是混凝土细观力学分析的核心。本文基于混凝土单轴动态压缩CT试验,获得不同应力阶段的横断面CT图像,分别应用图像分割技术和灰度共生矩阵法提取孔隙率和4个特征值,研究孔隙率和4个特征值随应力的变化规律。结果表明孔隙率随应力的增加显示出单调增加的总趋势,个别部位在应力水平较小时孔隙率随应力增加变化不大,反映出混凝土的压密效应。受压密效应影响,对比度在低应力水平时随应力增加有升有降,能量对应力变化不够敏感,相关性和同质性随应力的增加单调增加,对应力变化较为敏感,能反映混凝土整体损伤过程。对混凝土CT图像进行分区后再研究孔隙率、同质性和相关性随应力的变化,可以更好地反映动载作用下混凝土的细观损伤过程。 相似文献
320.
海洋地震资料普遍发育强能量表面多次波,传统表面多次波压制技术（SRME）能够预测出所有阶次表面多次波,但是各阶次表面多次波相互混叠。为了能够单独利用不同阶次的表面多次波成像,降低干涉假象对多次波成像的影响,需要将不同阶次的表面多次波分离出来。本文提出一种基于扩展SRME的海洋单阶次表面多次波分离方法。首先,应用SRME技术预测出混叠的所有表面多次波;其次,修改常规SRME技术的边界输入条件,将上一步求得的所有多次波进行升阶次处理;再次,预测出混叠的所有表面多次波与其升阶次后的表面多次波匹配相减求得单阶次多次波。以此类推,能够逐步分离出不同阶次的表面多次波。数值模型和某深海实际资料测试表明本方法的有效性,不同阶次表面多次波被有效分离,为后期多次波的利用奠定了基础。 相似文献