内蒙古西乌珠穆沁旗迪彦庙蛇绿岩的识别

新识别出的内蒙古西乌珠穆沁旗迪彦庙蛇绿岩位于中朝古板块与西伯利亚古板块之间的兴蒙造山带中部。通过对迪彦庙蛇绿岩进行详细的野外地质调查和岩石学、岩石地球化学的研究,发现迪彦庙蛇绿岩由孬来可吐和白音布拉格两个蛇绿岩带组成,各带宽约3km,延伸约30km,蛇绿岩各单元出露齐全。岩性由下到上主要为蛇纹石化方辉橄榄岩、层状-块状辉长岩、斜长岩、细碧岩、枕状玄武岩、角斑岩-石英角斑岩及硅质岩。蛇纹石化方辉橄榄岩稀土配分模式具SSZ型蛇绿岩的地幔橄榄岩特征;枕状玄武岩具岛弧拉斑玄武岩(IAT)特征;硅质岩的Al2O3/(Al2O3+Fe2O3)比值显示大陆边缘沉积环境特征。     

鄂尔多斯盆地东南部富黄探区延长组长6段物源分析

上三叠统延长组长6段是鄂尔多斯盆地富黄探区主力油层组之一,南部与东北部物源交汇区主控物源不清,通过碎屑组分分析、轻矿物分析、砂岩粒度分析和微量元素地球化学分析等方法对其物源进行了综合研究.研究结果表明,东北部物源区是富黄探区延长组长6段沉积的主物源区;其母岩主要为来自盆地东北缘太古宙及古元古代变质岩,而不存在南部或东部物源体系,并且砂体展布与物源具有很好的对应性.     

大别山双河超高压变质矿物O同位素平衡及其对Sm-Nd和Rb-Sr等时线年龄有效性的制约

对于变质岩 Sm-Nd 和 Rh-Sr 同位素年代学来说,其中一个重要问题是等时线矿物之间在一特定的变质事件过程中是否达到并在随后保持同位素平衡。矿物 O 同位素地质测温也是如此。由于许多情况下 Nd、Sr 和 O 在变质矿物中的扩散速率具有可比性,变质矿物之间 O 同位素平衡状况能够为矿物 Sm-Nd 和 Rb-Sr 内部等时线定年结果的有效性提供制约。为了验证其适用性,本文对大别造山带双河超高压榴辉岩和片麻岩 Sm-Nd 和 Rh-Sr 等时线矿物进行了 O 同位素地质测温。尽管Sm-Nd 等时线给出一致的三叠纪年龄(213～238Ma),同一样品 Rb-Sr 等时线却给出侏罗纪年龄(171～174Ma)。片麻岩、榴辉岩和榴闪岩矿物对 O 同位素测温得到600～720℃和420～550℃两组温度,分别对应于约225±5Ma 榴辉岩相变质和约 175±5Ma 角闪岩相退变质条件下停止同位素扩散交换的温度。同一样品三叠纪 Sm-Nd 等时线年龄的保存、侏罗纪 Rh-Sr 等时线年龄的出现以及有规律的 O 同位素温度,表明在角闪岩相退变质过程中,Sr 和 O 在含水矿物(如黑云母和角闪石)中的扩散速率在手标本尺度上比石榴石 Nd 和多硅白云母 Sr 的扩散速率快。在退变质作用过程中,等时线矿物之间的初始同位素比值均一化速率主要受扩散速率慢的矿物控制,而矿物等时线时钟的启动主要受具有高母/子体比值的矿物控制。只有当高母/子体比值矿物具有快的放射成因同位素扩散速率时,才能够应用合理的矿物等时线确定变质再造的时间。     

塔里木瓦吉里塔格超镁铁质隐爆角砾岩铂族元素和微量元素地球化学特征及其岩石成因探讨

本文对塔里木盆地二叠纪大火成岩省中瓦吉里塔格地区超镁铁质隐爆角砾岩进行了铂族元素(PGE)和主、微量及稀土元素分析和研究。结果显示,隐爆角砾岩中Os、Ir、Ru、Rh、Pt和Pd含量分别为0.36×10-9～1.08×10-9、0.23×10-9～0.44×10-9、0.29×10-9～0.92×10-9、0.11×10-9～0.18×10-9、1.88×10-9～3.16×10-9和1.39×10-9～3.52×10-9,均低于原始地幔,与夏威夷苦橄岩相似。该岩石的Pd/Ir比值在3.6～11.9之间,PGE分配模式呈一条正倾斜的曲线,表现出一定程度的分异,具有非俯冲背景下产生的基性-超基性岩的PGE配分特点。略高于原始地幔但变化较小的Cu/Pd比值(5.1×104～12.1×104)表明其岩浆在上升侵位过程中并没有发生明显的饱和硫化物熔离作用,而岩浆源区在部分熔融过程中可能有少量残留的硫化物存在。隐爆角砾岩全岩的IPGE元素与MgO之间基本上呈正相关,而PPGE元素与MgO之间则略成负相关或无明显相关性,指示PGE的分异主要受到橄榄石结晶分异作用的控制。地球化学特征显示隐爆角砾岩的稀土元素总量高度富集(964.1×10-6～1299×10-6)和轻、重稀土强烈分馏((La/Yb)N=45.88～64.90),且微量元素蛛网图上大离子亲石元素富集和Nb、Ta的轻微亏损以及Zr、Hf的明显贫化,表明岩石可能遭受一定程度的地幔交代作用影响。但是,角砾与胶结物具有相近的PGE特征表明交代作用对PGE的影响并不大,暗示PGE可能主要赋存于禁锢在硅酸盐矿物内的硫化物包裹体中。     

孔间电磁波CT技术在北京普安店岩溶勘查中的应用

孔间电磁波CT技术是工程勘探中的一种常用方法,利用孔间层析成像进行探测,其成果清晰、直观,较好地展现了孔间介质电磁波吸收情况,清楚地显示出地下不同地质体的空间分布。北京普安店地区存在岩溶塌陷,前期进行了大量的钻孔勘探,利用钻孔进行孔间电磁波CT扫描,探测钻孔之间溶洞的分布情况,填补了钻孔之间溶洞展布情况的空白,并对溶洞的充填情况进行解释。该技术提供的数据准确可靠,信息丰富,为后期岩溶地区的稳定性评价及工程处理提供了科学依据和基础数据。     

变荷载下不排水桩复合地基桩间土和下卧层土固结分析

基于悬浮不排水桩复合地基超静孔隙水压力解答,建立了变荷载条件下复合地基桩间土和下卧层土平均固结度的解析解。通过与有限元解答的对比,证明了解析解的正确性和有效性。利用解析解对桩间土和下卧层土的固结性状进行了分析。研究发现,桩间土的固结速率远大于下卧层土,并随置换率和桩土模量比的增加而增大。在工程设计采用的置换率范围内,桩的贯入比较小时,下卧层土的固结速率受置换率和桩土模量比的影响很小;桩的贯入比较大时,下卧层土的固结速率随置换率和桩土模量比的增加而增大。桩间土和下卧层土的固结存在临界置换率和临界桩土模量比,超过临界值后,桩间土和下卧层土的固结速率不随桩土模量比和置换率的增加而增大。桩间土和下卧层土的固结速率随加荷速率的增加而增大。     

北部湾盆地涠西南凹陷断裂系统成因的砂箱实验研究及启示

北部湾盆地涠西南凹陷的断裂系统十分复杂,为了揭示其成因机制,在三维地震资料构造解析的基础上,应用砂箱物理模拟技术,对涠西南凹陷的形成机制进行了系统研究.结果表明,南北向的"不协调伸展作用实验模型"能够成功地模拟涠西南凹陷晚始新世以来复杂的断裂系统,断裂系统的主体特征在这一实验模型中均得到了很好的再现.涠两南凹陷复杂的断裂系统是在基底先1竽构造基础之上,在递进变形过程中逐渐形成的,其裂陷期(晚始新世一渐新世)断裂系统是在一个伸展期内形成(南北向伸展)、并非是多期构造叠加变形的结果.这一认识不但能够有效地指导涠西南凹陷三维地震资料的精细构造解释,同时也能够为南海周缘盆地的形成和演化研究提供借鉴.     

Meso‐Cenozoic Tectonothermal History of Permian Strata,Southwestern Weibei Uplift: Insights from Thermochronology and Geothermometry

This study provides an integrated interpretation for the Mesozoic-Cenozoic tectonothermal evolutionary history of the Permian strata in the Qishan area of the southwestern Weibei Uplift, Ordos Basin. Apatite fission-track and apatite/zircon(U-Th)/He thermochronometry, bitumen reflectance, thermal conductivity of rocks, paleotemperature recovery, and basin modeling were used to restore the Meso-Cenozoic tectonothermal history of the Permian Strata. The Triassic AFT data have a pooled age of ～180±7 Ma with one age peak and P(χ2)=86%. The average value of corrected apatite(U-Th)/He age of two Permian sandstones is ～168±4 Ma and a zircon(U-Th)/He age from the Cambrian strata is ～231±14 Ma. Bitumen reflectance and maximum paleotemperature of two Ordovician mudstones are 1.81%, 1.57% and ～210°C, ～196°C respectively. After undergoing a rapid subsidence and increasing temperature in Triassic influenced by intrusive rocks in some areas, the Permian strata experienced four cooling-uplift stages after the time when the maximum paleotemperature reached in late Jurassic:(1) A cooling stage(～163 Ma to ～140 Ma) with temperatures ranging from ～132°C to ～53°C and a cooling rate of ～3°C/Ma, an erosion thickness of ～1900 m and an uplift rate of ～82 m/Ma;(2) A cooling stage(～140 Ma to ～52 Ma) with temperatures ranging from ～53°C to ～47°C and a cooling rate less than ～0.1°C/Ma, an erosion thickness of ～300 m and an uplift rate of ～3 m/Ma;(3)(～52 Ma to ～8 Ma) with ～47°C to ～43°C and ～0.1°C/Ma, an erosion thickness of ～500 m and an uplift rate of ～11 m/Ma;(3)(～8 Ma to present) with ～43°C to ～20°C and ～3°C/Ma, an erosion thickness of ～650 m and an uplift rate of ～81 m/Ma. The tectonothermal evolutionary history of the Qishan area in Triassic was influenced by the interaction of the Qinling Orogeny and the Weibei Uplift, and the south Qishan area had the earliest uplift-cooling time compared to other parts within the Weibei Uplift. The early Eocene at ～52 Ma and the late Miocene at ～8 Ma, as two significant turning points after which both the rate of uplift and the rate of temperature changed rapidly, were two key time for the uplift-cooling history of the Permian strata in the Qishan area of the southwestern Weibei Uplift, Ordos Basin.     

Dual Control of Depositional Facies on Uranium Mineralization in Coal‐bearing Series: Examples from the Tuanyushan Area of the Northern Qaidam Basin,NW China

The uranium deposits in the Tuanyushan area of northern Qaidam Basin commonly occur in coal-bearing series. To decipher the U-enrichment mechanism and controlling factors in this area, a database of 72 drill cores, including 56 well-logs and 3 sampling wells, was examined for sedimentology and geochemistry in relation to uranium concentrations. The results show that coal-bearing series can influence uranium mineralization from two aspects, i.e., spatial distribution and dynamic control. Five types of uranium-bearing rocks are recognized, mainly occurring in the braided river and braided delta sedimentary facies, among which sandstones near the coals are the most important. The lithological associations of sandstone-type uranium deposits can be classified into three subtypes, termed as U-coal type, coal-U-coal type, and coal-U type, respectively. The coal and fine siliciclastic rocks in the coalbearing series confined the U-rich fluid flow and uranium accumulation in the sandstone near them. Thus, the coal-bearing series can provide good accommodations for uranium mineralization. Coals and organic matters in the coal-bearing series may have served as reducing agents and absorbing barriers. Methane is deemed to be the main acidolysis hydrocarbon in the U-bearing beds, which shows a positive correlation with U-content in the sandstones in the coal-bearing series. Additionally, the δ13 C in the carbonate cements of the U-bearing sandstones indicates that the organic matters, associated with the coal around the sandstones, were involved in the carbonation, one important component of alteration in the Tuanyushan area. Recognition of the dual control of coal-bearing series on the uranium mineralization is significant for the development of coal circular economy, environmental protection during coal utilization and the security of national rare metal resources.     

青藏高原冻土区活动层厚度分布模拟

活动层夏季融化、冬季冻结的近地表土(岩)层,是冻土地区热力动态最活跃的岩层,在冻土研究中有着重要意义.根据青藏高原地区80个气象观测台站1991-2000年的地面温度观测资料结合数字高程模型,计算出青藏高原冻土区的地面冻结指数和地面融化指数,然后应用斯蒂芬公式分别得到多年冻土区的季节融化深度和季节冻土区的季节冻结深度.