DÉTERMINATION DU DÉBIT DES PUITS INCOMPLETS DE NAPPES LIBRES FONCÉS EN TERRAIN ISOTROPE ET ANISOTROPE

ABSTRACT

In this paper, the author relies on Darcy's law and on an hypothesis formulated from experimental considerations to establish a semi-empirical formula for the calculation of the discharge of partially penetrating wells of free aquifer sunk in isotropic soils.

This relatively simple relation applied to 27 cases studied under an experimental design or numerical computations, reveals itself to have an unexpected accuracy.

Starting from previous formula, the author establishes another one for partially penetrating wells bored in anisotropic soils.     

关于Diophantine方程的解

对于正整数a ,设S(a)是Smarandache函数。证明了 :方程S(1·2 ) +S(2·3) +… +S(x(x +1) ) =S(x(x +1) (x +2 ) /3)仅有正整数解x =1。     

不同浓度悬浮泥沙水体的光谱吸收特性模拟

悬浮泥沙的光学特性是影响内陆湖泊水色遥感的重要因素。利用光谱吸收衰减仪(AC-S)测得水池中悬浮泥沙浓度为2.13~1 442.40 mg/L的水体光谱吸收。在蓝、绿和红光波段,悬浮泥沙水体的平均比吸收系数分别为0.0161±0.0039 m2.g-1、0.0071±0.0020 m2.g-1和0.0025±0.0007 m2.g-1;指数拟合获得的Sm*值为0.0098±0.0011 nm-1,利用其模拟的比吸收光谱与实测光谱吻合效果较好,说明该Sm*取值对悬浮泥沙水体比吸收光谱的曲线斜率变化具有一定的参考价值。此外,建立了悬浮泥沙水体吸收系数a(440)m与其浓度的关系模型,R2达0.947,拟合精度较高;然而比吸收系数a*(440)m与泥沙浓度几乎无相关性。研究结果可为内陆水色遥感分析模型的建立提供重要的参数保障。     

Mobilization of arsenic and iron from Red River floodplain sediments, Vietnam

Sediments from the Red River and from an adjacent floodplain aquifer were investigated with respect to the speciation of Fe and As in the solid phase, to trace the diagenetic changes in the river sediment upon burial into young aquifers, and the related mechanisms of arsenic release to the groundwater. Goethite with subordinate amounts of hematite were, using Mössbauer spectroscopy, identified as the iron oxide minerals present in both types of sediment. The release kinetics of Fe, As, Mn and PO₄ from the sediment were investigated in leaching experiments with HCl and 10 mM ascorbic acid, both at pH 3. From the river sediments, most of the Fe and As was mobilized by reductive dissolution with ascorbic acid while HCl released very little Fe and As. This suggests As to be associated with an Fe-oxide phase. For oxidized aquifer sediment most Fe was mobilized by ascorbic acid but here not much As was released. However, the reduced aquifer sediments contained a large pool of Fe(II) and As that is readily leached by HCl, probably derived from an unidentified authigenic Fe(II)-containing mineral which incorporates As as well. Extraction with ascorbic acid indicates that the river sediments contain both As(V) and As(III), while the reduced aquifer sediment almost exclusively releases As(III). The difference in the amount of Fe(II) leached from river and oxidized aquifer sediments by ascorbic acid and HCl, was attributed to reductive dissolution of Fe(III). The reactivity of this pool of Fe(III) was quantified by a rate law and compared to that of synthetic iron oxides. In the river mud, Fe(III) had a reactivity close to that of ferrihydrite, while the river sand and oxidized aquifer sediment exhibited a reactivity ranging from lepidocrocite or poorly crystalline goethite to hematite. Mineralogy by itself appears to be a poor predictor of the iron oxide reactivity in natural samples using the reactivity of synthetic Fe-oxides as a reference. Sediments were incubated, both unamended and with acetate added, and monitored for up to 2 months. The river mud showed the fastest release of both Fe and As, while the effect of acetate addition was minor. This suggests that the presence of reactive organic carbon is not rate limiting. In the case of the river and aquifer sediments, the release of Fe and As was always stimulated by acetate addition and here reactive organic carbon was clearly the rate limiting factor. The reduced aquifer sediment apparently can sustain slower but prolonged microbially-driven release of As. The highly reactive pools of Fe(III) and As in the river mud could be due to reoxidation of As and Fe contained in the reducing groundwater from the floodplain aquifers that are discharging into the river. Deposition of the suspended mud on the floodplain during high river stages is proposed to be a major flux of As onto the floodplain and into the underlying aquifers.     

Flood-prone area mapping using machine learning techniques: a case study of Quang Binh province,Vietnam

Natural Hazards - Vietnam’s central coastal region is the most vulnerable and always at flood risk, severely affecting people’s livelihoods and socio-economic development. In...     

链烷烃的热力学性质与分子拓扑指数的关系

定义了一种新的连接性指数^1Y=Σk1/m^2 n^2,研究了链烷烃的标准生成焓、标准熵、标准生成吉布斯自由能等三个热力学性质与碳原子个数N，^1Y之间的定量关系，相关系数为优，其计算值与实验值较为接近，对未参与回归的正癸烷的60个异构体的三个热力学性质进行了计算，计算值与实验值较一致。     

安徽兆吉口热液型铅锌矿区元素迁移量三维地球化学勘查模式

安徽兆吉口铅锌矿床位于长江中下游成矿带安庆-贵池矿集区南侧的东至县杨老尖-龙门尖地区,这一矿床的发现使皖西南地区地质找矿实现重大突破。文中利用Grant的Isocon图解法,研究活动元素的分布特征和迁移规律,以奠定兆吉口地区的地球化学勘查指标及成矿环境指标的研制基础,发现成矿元素Pb、Zn、Cu、Au、Ag、Mo及其伴生元素As、Bi、Sb和矿化剂元素S等从围岩向矿体部位带入程度增加,常量元素SiO2、Fe2O3、MgO、CaO、Na2O、K2O等在青白口系带出,于矿体部位带入。矿床系统的质量是净带入的,平均质量变化为4%;青白口系质量是净带出的,质量变化为-18%。依据元素迁移规律,试制元素迁移量三维地球化学图,认为研究区进一步找矿工作应当沿断裂带向北东和南西方向拓展,结合已有地质资料,对元素迁移进行了解释,并对矿床成因进行了讨论,认为试验矿床是由区域变质构造运动热液作用形成的,试验矿床只是区域变质构造运动热液活动共同形成的矿床(系列)的一部分,研究区具有良好的找矿前景。     

网络化自动监测预警系统的设计与实现

随着社会科技和信息化测绘的发展,大型工程安全监测的方法和手段也在飞速地发展,体现在了测量机器人、电子水准仪、GPS、网络通讯、传感器等测量技术的综合应用。国内基于物联网技术的工程监测预警系统也是随着安全监测与信息技术发展起来的。本文提出了在以大地测量仪器和物理学传感器为感知层,以GPRS／CDMA和互联网为网络层,以集成化的数据中心软件和网络数据库为应用层的基础上,设计开发了网络化自动监测预警系统。该系统集数据采集、数据处理、数据管理、数据分析和数据发布等功能于一体,是物联网和网络通讯完美结合下的物联网监测信息系统。     

Geophysical techniques to aquifer locating and monitoring for industrial zones in North Hanoi, Vietnam

Geophysical methods were applied for hydrogeological targets in many countries including Vietnam. This paper presents results of using complex geophysical techniques as well as 2D electrical resistivity imaging (ERI), vertical electrical sounding (VES), very low frequency (VLF), and seismic refraction for geological structure investigation for locating the aquifers and assessing the hydrogeological conditions for groundwater potential in industrial zones of North Hanoi, Vietnam. The locations of two aquifers are determined by their depth and thickness on the basis of resistivity and seismic velocity values which were proved by stratifications of three boreholes to 40–60 m of depth on the study area. There are connections from surface water to shallow aquifer by hydraulic windows, as follows from VLF data. The deeper aquifer can be considered as a potential groundwater supply, but the water level is descending in time, as shown by hydrological monitoring. However, with careful use and by reducing sources of pollution, groundwater can continue to be an important natural resource for future.