全球多分辨率数据模型的构建与快速显示

在总结并分析国内外已有的多种全球数据浏览和显示系统的基础上,采用了全球空间四叉树模型与“视点相关”的处理方式,并将多线程理论有效地应用到超大数据的管理与显示中,建立了合理的多线程访问机制,利用金字塔瓦片数据集管理影像与DEM数据,实现了局域网内的分布存储与分发,并开发了全球海量数据管理客户端实验系统GlobalView。     

1971—2006年珠穆朗玛峰地区蒸发皿蒸发量的变化及其影响因素

升温率略高于平均最高气温的升温率.珠峰地区日照时数和平均风速的显著下降,以及相对湿度的明显增加可能是蒸发皿蒸发量下降的主要原因.     

资源环境综合科学调查多级格网系统的设计

地理格网系统借助特定方法将地球表面均匀剖分,形成无缝无叠的多分辨率格网层次结构。它既是一个空间框架,又是地理特征表达的一种模型。本文结合资源环境综合科学考察数据管理与共享的需求,深入分析了“地理格网”国家标准,指出其在多分辨率应用中存在孔径过大且不一致的问题。鉴此,将度与分、分与秒之间的进制在逻辑上由六十扩展为六十四,进而实现严格的四叉树剖分,直至秒级以下更高分辨率格网采用2的负指数幂表示。根据剖分特点,设计了兼容国标的编码扩展方案。在此基础上开发了多级格网生成与管理原型系统,通过资源环境综合科学调查数据三维实时浏览实验,验证了格网剖分编码方案的可行性和正确性。     

Palaeo‐climate controlled diagenesis of the Westphalian C & D fluvial sandstones in the Campine Basin (north‐east Belgium)

The Westphalian C and D fluvial sandstones in the Campine Basin (north‐east Belgium) are potential reservoirs for the sequestration of CO₂ and interesting analogues of the hydrocarbon reservoirs in the Southern North Sea. Although these sandstones were deposited in a relatively short period of time, their reservoir properties and mineralogical compositions are very different. A petrographic study complemented with stable isotope analyses, fluid inclusion microthermometry and X‐ray diffraction analyses of the clay fractions of the sandstones, which were sampled from deep boreholes (>1000 m) in the Campine Basin, revealed that these differences are related mainly to the climate at the time of deposition. The most important eogenetic processes affecting the Westphalian sandstones were the generation of a pseudomatrix by physical compaction of Al‐silicates and lithic fragments that were strongly altered by extensive meteoric leaching, kaolinitization of unstable silicates and precipitation of siderite. These processes had a detrimental influence on the reservoir properties of Westphalian C sandstones, but their impact on the Westphalian D sandstones was minimal. The difference is assumed to be related to the climate at the time of deposition, which changed from tropical humid in the Westphalian C to semi‐arid/arid during the Late Westphalian D. Both the Westphalian C and D sandstones were affected by similar mesogenetic processes. Mesogenetic quartz cementation resulted from chemical compaction and illitization of kaolinite, K‐feldspar and smectitic clays. Illitization of kaolinite was controlled by the available quantities of co‐existing kaolinite and K‐feldspar and mainly affected the Westphalian D sandstones. Illitization of K‐feldspar was controlled by the K‐feldspar content. It had a much larger impact on the reservoir properties of the Westphalian D as, in these sandstones, K‐feldspar was less affected by eogenetic alteration. The illitization of smectitic clays resulted in illite, quartz and ankerite cementation in both reservoirs. This process had a more important impact on the Westphalian C reservoir, since cementation here also resulted from smectite to illite conversion in the interbedded and underlying shales. The effect of mesogenetic alterations on the reservoir properties was much less drastic than the impact of eodiagenesis. Mesogenetic alterations do exert a significant control on the properties of the Westphalian D. The vast impact of eodiagenesis on the Westphalian C sandstones made them less susceptible to mesogenetic alteration. The effect of telogenetic processes on the porosity and permeability of the Westphalian sandstones was small and restricted to the top reservoir intervals that directly underlie the Cimmerian Unconformity. No significant telogenetic alterations related to the Variscan Unconformity were observed.     

藏北高原蒸发皿蒸发量及其影响因素的变化特征

采用气候倾向率方法,对藏北高原1971-2006年6个气象站年、季小型蒸发皿蒸发量及其影响气候因子的变化趋势进行了分析。结果表明:近36年藏北高原年蒸发皿蒸发量各站点均呈现显著的减少趋势,平均减少61.7mm/10a(通过99%显著性检验),以夏季减幅最明显。就地域分布而言,蒸发皿蒸发量的下降主要表现在藏北高原的中西部。蒸发量减少幅度随经度的增加减小,随海拔高度的升高而加大。影响蒸发皿蒸发量的主要气候因子日照时数、平均风速呈现显著下降趋势,平均相对湿度、降水量表现为显著增加,平均气温显著升高,平均最低气温的升温速率(0.54℃/10a)明显比平均最高气温的升温速率(0.17℃/10a)大,导致气温日较差的减小(-0.37℃/10a)。藏北高原平均气温日较差和日照时数的显著减小,以及平均相对湿度的明显增加可能是蒸发皿蒸发量显著下降的主要原因,降水量的增加和平均风速的明显减小在蒸发量减少趋势中的作用也不可忽视。     

不同模式扰动方案在风暴尺度集合预报中的对比试验研究

由于适用于中长期集合预报的模式扰动技术在风暴尺度集合预报系统中的影响并不明确,为探究不同模式扰动方案在风暴尺度集合预报中的效果,基于WRF模式设计了3组模式扰动方案:多物理扰动（MP）方案、随机物理倾向扰动（Stochastically Perturbed Parameterization Tendencies,SPPT）方案以及由MP方案与SPPT方案组合构建的一种新混合扰动（SPMP）方案。对2013年7月5—6日发生在江淮流域的一次强对流天气过程进行了数值模拟。结果表明:MP方案在积分前期的降水概率评分较高,对高层大气的扰动效果更为合理;SPPT方案主要作用于积分中后期,对大气低层及近地面的扰动效果最为理想,尤其是对于地面水汽场的模拟;SPMP方案能显著提高大气中高层各预报变量的离散度,降低均方根误差,提升集合成员的可信度,有效弥补降水预报评分在单独使用MP方案和SPPT方案不同积分时段的不足。在扰动水平传播方向上,SPMP方案的扰动形态主要受MP方案主导;垂直方向上,SPMP方案在低层的扰动形态与SPPT方案一致,在高层受MP方案控制。波谱能量分析表明3组方案的扰动能量随积分时间均有向大尺度传播的趋势,SPMP方案能有效补偿两种方案能量在各尺度的耗散。      

基于skyline的城市地下三维管线建立研究

传统二维管线系统难以直观地反映各管线之间的立体空间位置关系。旧管线更新、新管线规划、管线设计施工、土建工程的破土动工等都需要准确掌握地下管线的现状信息,如果盲目开挖就可能引起自来水管爆裂、煤气泄露、停电、通信信号中断等事故。以地下管线为研究对象,以skyline为平台,C#为开发语言建立城市三维管网系统,在地下错综复杂的条件下,展现各管线之间以及管线与周边地物之间的空间位置关系,实现管线的查询和分析功能,有利于决策者做出更好的决定。     

Circulation of shelf waters in the KwaZulu-Natal Bight,South Africa

Ship-based acoustic Doppler current profiler (S-ADCP) technology, used in survey mode, has enabled near- synoptic views of the in situ 3-D current field in the KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) Bight to be elucidated for the first time. Data acquired by the research vessels RS Africana and RS Algoa in June 2005, September 2007, March 2009 and July 2010 are presented. Each S-ADCP dataset showed similar circulation characteristics whereby the continental slope and outer shelf of the KZN Bight were strongly influenced by the south-westward flowing Agulhas Current. This was particularly evident in the extreme north between Cape St Lucia and Richards Bay where the shelf is narrowest and velocities exceeded 200 cm s?1. The widening of the bight to the south moves the Agulhas Current further from the coast, resulting in a diminishing velocity gradient on the outer shelf which terminates around the midshelf axis. The southern region of the bight was mostly influenced by the Durban cyclonic eddy (Durban Eddy), and in June 2005 and September 2007, by a cyclonic ‘swirl’ that occupied the entire southern half of the KZN Bight, the latter identified by a combination of S-ADCP-, satellite-derived SST- and ocean colour data. Satellite data showed low-chlorophyll offshore water to move into this swirl and northwards along the inner- and midshelf, reaching the Thukela River. Inner-shelf circulation north of the Thukela River was weak (<20 cm s?1) and highly variable. Satellite-tracked surface drogues deployed in the Durban Eddy found their way into the northward coastal current in the KZN Bight, with velocities exceeding 90 cm s?1 at times. The drogues also highlighted the strong influence of wind, especially in the northern bight between Durnford Point and Cape St Lucia, with residence times on the shelf exceeding 14 days, suggesting this region to be of biological importance particularly for recruitment.     

Review of the El Soplao Amber Outcrop,Early Cretaceous of Cantabria,Spain

<正>El Soplao outcrop,an Early Cretaceous amber deposit recently discovered in northern Spain (Cantabria),has been shown to be the largest site of amber with arthropod inclusions that has been found in Spain so far.Relevant data provided herein for biogeochemistry of the amber,palynology,taphonomy and arthropod bioinclusions complement those previously published.This set of data suggests at least two botanical sources for the amber of El Soplao deposit.The first(type A amber)strongly supports a source related to Cheirolepidiaceae,and the second(type B amber)shows non-specific conifer biomarkers.Comparison of molecular composition of type A amber with Frenelopsis leaves(Cheirolepidiaceae)strongly suggests a biochemical affinity and a common botanical origin.A preliminary palynological study indicates a regional high taxonomical diversity,mainly of pteridophyte spores and gymnosperm pollen grains.According to the preliminary palynological data,the region was inhabited by conifer forests adapted to a dry season under a subtropical climate.The abundant charcoalified wood associated with the amber in the same beds is evidence of paleofires that most likely promoted both the resin production and an intensive erosion of the litter,and subsequent great accumulation of amber plus plant cuticles.In addition,for the first time in the fossil record, charcoalified plant fibers as bioinclusions in amber are reported.Other relevant taphonomic data are the exceptional presence of serpulids and bryozoans on the surfaces of some amber pieces indicating both a long exposure on marine or brackish-water and a mixed assemblage of amber.Lastly,new findings of insect bioinclusions,some of them uncommon in the fossil record or showing remarkable adaptations,are reported.In conclusion,a documented scenario for the origin of the El Soplao amber outcrop is provided.     

基于六边形网格的球面Voronoi图生成算法

利用二十面体施奈德等积多面体投影构建了球面多分辨率六边形层次网格;通过边界四元组将六边形单元分解到四元三角形及其子单元中处理;利用改进的四元三角网编码方案建立了网格的数字空间、单元层次编码模型和不同实体在球面上的表达方法.在此基础上,提出了球面Voronoi图的生成算法.实验结果表明该算法与现有算法相比具有更高精度.