重褶皱的分析方法

多期褶皱相互作用便产生复杂的干扰型式即叠加褶皱。构造学家可以直接解释简单构造型式,但较复杂的型式常具有多解性和不确定性。本文提出了不直接需要任何野外构造测量资料的叠加褶皱的分析方法.仅需一系列相互平行的穿过叠加褶皱的剖面,这可从矿区或从切片的岩石中获得.从平面图可鉴别各个褶皱并可计算枢纽的指向和倾伏角。赤平投影图和横剖面图可以反应褶皱的方向和形态。本方法假定:(1)第一期褶皱是圆柱状的;(2)第二期褶皱作用的运动近似相似褶皱(剪切褶皱). 上述方法被用于华盛顿州Kootenay弧地区的小尺度标本。分析指出,两期褶皱的叠加产生雁列状的共轭褶皱,非圆柱状和非相似型褶皱。本实例表明,这种方法也适用于与上述假设不相等的褶皱的叠加,对地质工作者在其它重褶地区的工作很有价值;同时还可以为矿床研究提供可靠的三维资料。     

A Digitized Weather Radar in Gansu Province and a Simple Radar-Raingauge Comparison

An on-line computer processing system was added to the LanzhouInstitute’sX-bandradar.Thepotentlal of digitized weather radar isdiscussed and a preliminary examination of the rain-measuring capabilityof the radar-computer system is made.     

THE SENSITIVITY OF THE NUMERICAL SIMULATION TO OROGRAPHY SPECIFICATION IN THE LOWRESOLUTION SPECTRAL MODEL－PART II: IMPACT OF THE SMOOTHED OROGRAPHY AND RIPPLES ON SIMULATIONS

In order to investigate the impact of the smoothed orography and the spurious orographic ripples on simu-lations in the low-resolution spectral model, three different numerical tests, that is, the unsmoothed orography scheme, the smoothed orography scheme and non-ripples scheme are performed. In this paper, the model used by us is the same as Part I except for orographic specification.The results from simulations indicate that, as far as the climatic simulation is concerned, some aspects of the simulated stationary disturbances, zonal and meridional wind, temperature and precipitation in the low-resolu-tion spectral model with properly smoothed mountains are significantly improved, especially in winter hemis-phere.The deep ripples in the model with the unsmoothed orography produce spurious high pressure regions at the surface with subsidence, and suppress rainfall, causing an unrealistic splitting of the precipitation area in northern winter and summer. Removal of tbe deep ripples by using the special procedure for smoothing topog-raphy allows a strong upward motion in the ripple area with heavy rainfall, eliminating the unrelistic split in the precipitation area.     

根据CT和AT对热带气旋预报方法的评价

对1979—1983年西北太平洋热带气旋路径的正式预报和客观方法以CT和AT分量作了评定(相对于持续预报)。研究焦点在于72小时预报。CT扣AT分量分为3型时,评定结果单向热带气旋模式最好。分5型的则用非线性惩罚评分。72小时路径预报也是套网格热带气旋模式最有技巧。把移速和移向分为5型代表了5种天气影响。本研究对各种客观预报方法的相对价值给以指导,对业务预报有所帮助。     

南极洲威尔克斯地大陆边缘的海上地球物理资料

一、引言 1984年,美国地质调查局在S. P. Lee海洋调查船(图1和图2)上,做了南极洲威尔克斯地(Wilkes Land)大陆边缘的地球物理测量,这次测量得到了大约1800公里长的24道多道地震反射资料,400公里长的单道地震反射资料和其它地球物理剖面资料,包括重力、磁场梯度、3.5和12kHz高分辨率回声探测和声纳浮标折射剖面,重力和回声探测资料,是在测     

利用遥感表面温度计算蒸散量

引言遥感提供了计算大面积蒸散量的可能性,目前,利用气象参数计算蒸散量,这些参数既不说明种有不同作物和裸露土壤表面的空间分布,也不说明各种农田的水分状况。遥感表面温度可以是从手持辐射温度计确定几平方厘米分辨率的表面温度到用某些卫星传感装置确定几平方公里分辨率的表面温     

Elemental concentrations and their size distributions of Beijing aerosol in January

Aerosol sampling was carried out at a city centre site and a suburb site in Beijing in January 1983. PIXE (Proton Induced X-ray Emission) compatible cascade impactors were employed. The samples were analysed for 20 elements by PIXE in Fudan University. It has been found that most of the elements have bi-mode size distributions with a gradual progression from mainly coarse mode Ca, Ti and Al to mainly fine mode Zn, As and Pb. Elements Cl, K, S and Si show most obvious bi-mode, of which Si and S are particularly interesting. The concentrations of coarse mode aerosol in the city centre are about 1.4 times as large as that in the suburb for most of the elements, while the concentrations of fine mode aerosol in the city centre differ greatly from that in the suburb and vary significantly among elements, indicating some industrial sources. The enrichment factors of elements indicate that the coal smoke has a large-scale influ-ence in North China.     

树木年轮响应函数的统计显著性和可重复性

本文讨论响应函数的总显著性及可重复性.在二项分布的基础上设计出一种显著性检验方法.结合其他方法,此法用来比较两个不同的响应函数,以考察气候——年表响应的可重复性.结果说明,所用样本的响应,对于同一地点在统计上是可重复的,对于不同时期在统计上是稳定的.     

观测系统模拟试验所显示的气块轨迹的精确度

一、前言目前,对地区性的和国际性的大气污染的关心日渐增加,这就需要对污染物的长距离输送做出可靠的测定。在大气污染物的运输和沉降中,气块轨迹对于揭示源和接收体的关系是非常有用的,它们常用来作化学物质长距离输送的估计。实际上,气块轨迹的准确度是受气象观测的时、空分辨率、测量误差和所采用的分析方法所限制的。现已采     

在低阶谱模式中、地形对动量、热量和水汽输送的全球特征的影响

为了确定低阶谱模式的模拟能力,分析了模拟的热量、动量和水汽的垂直和径向输送,包括它们的季节、年际变化和地形的影响。对有地形的模式模拟的输送量与实际大气和无地形的模式模拟的结果进行了比较。比较结果表明截断波数为10的低阶谱模式是能够模拟总动量、热量和水汽输送的主要气候特征的。在冬季,地形对模拟的输送量的影响与Manabe和Terpstra(1974)的结果是一致的,他们的结论是一月份地形增加了各种物理量向北的常定涡旋输送而减少了瞬变涡旋输送,我们的模拟结果进一步指出不仅地形对输送的影响随季节变化,而且影响的地理范围也随季节改变。地形不仅对经向输送有影响,而且对垂直输送也有影响。在我们的模拟中经向输送的年际变化是存在的,而且定性地与实际大气的观察结果相吻合。