Assessment of urban and industrial contamination levels in the bay of Cádiz,SW Spain

Measuring the amount of pollution is of particular importance in assessing the quality and general condition of an ecosystem. In this paper, some of the results obtained as a consequence of the specific agreement between the Environmental Agency (Consejería de Medio Ambiente, Junta de Andalucía) and the University of Cadiz to assess the environmental condition of the marine bottom and waters are showed. Physical and chemical analyses in water and sediments were undertaken at various sampling sites close to urban and industrial locations. Later on, these results were studied under statistical analysis to reveal any possible relationships between the parameters employed, and to identify any analogous behaviour between the sampling sites. Physical-chemical data revealed that sediments and waters analysed were moderately contaminated and, in addition, no great differences were found between in rising and ebbing tide conditions. Finally, considering only the pollution level, from the cluster analysis of sediments two major groups appear, one of which corresponded to those sites located in the outer bay, and the other to those situated in the inner bay. However, number 6 and 14 sampling sites cannot be associated to those groups due to be related to points with important local discharges.     

Box coring artifacts in sediments affected by a waste water outfall

Variations in porosity of surface sediments are often the major cause of sediment loss during gravity and box coring. Sediments with a high content of organic matter usually have higher porosity, and thus, lower resistance (strain) towards mechanical disturbance. Here, we demonstrate that box coring artifacts (i.e. sediment loss and core shortening) can be produced in sediments from the Palos Verdes (PV) shelf, which in the past had received relatively high loads of organic carbon (OC) enriched particulate matter originating from the Whites Point outfall that had created a high porosity layer at depth. This has been overlooked as a possibility for obtaining low estimates of sediment and pollutant accumulation rates. Since any such sediment loss during coring can lead to serious underestimates of sedimentation rates, our results here may have important implications for any attempts at reconstructing pollutant fluxes and histories in these coastal marine sediments.     

美国亚利桑那州凤凰市地面沉降和地面裂缝的起源

1980年1月，凤凰市出现首例地裂缝。该区水位下降已超过90m，测得沉降量是1.05m，间接沉降证据为1.5m，地下水位埋深达170多m，最大沉降速率为0.13m/a。地下水位上降始于50年代中期，10年后，当地下水位下降30m～45m后，沉降开始发生，沉降漏斗每年扩大5km^2，先是向西，最近向北向东发展，沉降漏斗还将继续扩大，沉降量可能要超过3m。     

藏南帕里至达吉地带的上地壳结构特征──REFTEK顺带广角地震观测结果分析

本文主要介绍１９９２年中美喜马拉雅和青藏高原深剖面与综合研究项目第一阶段（ＩＮＤＥＰＴＨＩ－１）广角地震观测资料利用Ｓｅｉｓ８１程序（Ｃｅｒｖｅｎｙ，１９８１）进行二维解释所获得的帕里一达吉地带的上地壳结构特征。主要成果为：（１）前寒武结晶基底之顶界表现为Ｒ１界面。据本项目地质调查，藏南拆离系（ＳＴＤＳ）在帕里以北约１０ｋｍ处出露，向北缓倾并向地下延伸。认为Ｒ１界面不仅是结晶基底之顶界的反映，而且ＳＴＤ可能沿着Ｒ１界面展布，也即Ｒ１界面同时是一条沉积盖层和基底之间的拆离层。Ｒ１界面埋深３±０．６—１１±０．６ｋｍ。（２）上述拆离层在萨马达一达吉之间，以Ｒ１界面之上的负速度梯度楔状体（ＬＶＬ）为特征。ＬＶＬ可能是ＳＴＤＳ活动时拖带下沉的中生代特提斯沉积，或可能是含水破碎带。（３）在结晶基底内部存在第二条拆离带（ＬＶＺ），表现为Ｔ２反射波组。ＬＶＺ在帕里埋深８．５±０．６ｋｍ，向北陡倾，至萨马达为２２．５±０．６ｋｍ深；再向北，倾角变缓，至达吉之下，达２７±０．６ｋｍ深。ＬＶＺ在帕里─萨马达之间，厚仅０．５ｋｍ；至达吉，增厚至５ｋｍ；也具楔形负速度梯度带性质；它可能是花岗岩局部融熔体之反映...更多。（４）在萨马达─达吉。     

SENSITIVITY OF SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE RETRIEVAL TO SEA SURFACE EMISSIVITY

To estimate sea surface temperature(SST)with high accuracy from radiometrie measure-ments,it is no longer acceptable to assume that sea surface emissivity is unity or any other con-stant.This note presents an investigation of the desirable emissivity accuracy in relation to re-trieval.It was found that 1% error in surface emissivity can cause up to 0.7 K error in the re-trieved SST,although this sensitivity is often reduced to about 0.5 K on average because of thedownward atmospheric radiation at surface partially compensates for the emissivity error.Since thedownward atmospheric radiation ratio is controlled to a large extent by the integrated water vaporin the atmosphere and,secondarily,by view angle,the sensitivity of SST retrieval to surface emis-sivity has been computed as a function of these two parameters.     

为生长度日而计算基础温度的数学公式

在建立作物生长模式的过程中,精确预报作物的发育,是一项必要的工作。许多研究者曾经做过这方面的事(安德逊等,1978;安古斯等,1981;贝维克等,1988)。研究者们已发现,空气温度是支配作物发育的主导因子,为着用空气温度预报作物的发育,生长度日(GDD)或一种类似的线性单位系统,被广泛采用(Madariaga和lcnott,1951;Hoover豪沃,1955;基尔     

COMPARISON OF SEDIMENT DISCHARGE PREDICTIONS FOR SMALL WATERSREDS IN THE SOUTRWESTERN UNITED STATES

ＣＯＭＰＡＲＩＳＯＮ　ＯＦ　ＳＥＤＩＭＥＮＴ　ＤＩＳＣＨＡＲＧＥ　ＰＲＥＤＩＣＴＩＯＮＳ　ＦＯＲ　ＳＭＡＬＬ　ＷＡＴＥＲＳＲＥＤＳ　ＩＮ　ＴＨＥ　ＳＯＵＴＲＷＥＳＴＥＲＮ　ＵＮＩＴＥＤ　ＳＴＡＴＥＳＹａｋｏｖＷＩＧＤＯＲ；ＶｉｃｅｎｔｅＬ．ＬＯＰＥＳ...     

里海海域水情变化分析的模拟

近80年,里海海平面(ＣＳＬ)的变化原因已为学术界密切关注。1933～1940年里海水位急剧下降1.7ｍ,1979年末又下降1.3ｍ,观测事实推动了有关的科学研究。与气候因素相比,水资源不可逆消耗的增长对河流流量的影响是主要的,里海水位的缓慢下降也与此有关,因此,水位的进一步下降是不可避免的。里海水位在1978年突然回升,直至1995年中期水位持续回升了2.5ｍ左右,但当预期的水位下降时,沿岸地区仍将会有更多的灾难性后果发生。从1995年7月开始,里海水位年平均下降速度加快,至1997年最大下降速度超过40ｃｍ,1997～1998年8月(最新资料)变化不大,这与…