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11.
近200年来黑河下游天鹅湖湖泊沉积记录的环境变迁 总被引:12,自引:2,他引:12
根据2002-2004年洞庭湖水质监测数据,参照GB3838-2002中Ⅲ类水质标准,选用内梅罗水污染指数法和黄浦江污染指数对洞庭湖水质现状进行评价,结果表明:(1)洞庭湖水体的主要污染指标是总磷,总氮和粪大肠菌群;(2)黄浦江污染指数平均值为0.27,所以洞庭湖12个断面水质无黑臭现象发生;(3)枯水期西洞庭湖和南洞庭湖水质污染最严重,平水期西洞庭湖水质污染最严重,洞庭湖丰水期的污染程度小于平水期;(4)洞庭湖的大部分水体的水质主要处于轻度污染的状态,局部水体的水质在枯水期达到重污染的状态. 相似文献
12.
Aegirine, “perrierite‐(Ce)”, and ferrocolumbite, occurring in the Bayan Obo Nb‐REE‐Fe deposit in Inner Mongolia, China, contain appreciable amounts of scandium. The Sc2O3 content in aegirine (sample TS‐15) was 0.34–1.81 wt% (with one exceptionally high value of 3.45%) with an average value of 1.19%. The Sc2O3 content of “perrierite‐(Ce)” (TS‐20) was 2.82–3.64% with an average value of 3.26%. In the ferrocolumbite samples (TS‐16, TS‐23), the Sc2O3 content was 0.20–0.25% with an average value of 0.22% in sample TS‐16, and 0.56–1.04% with an average value of 0.67% in sample TS‐23. These data provide the basic information for future possible recovery of scandium as a by‐product from the deposit. 相似文献
13.
东海岛屿风尘地层中火山玻璃的发现及环境意义 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
近年来通过对东海诸岛屿第四纪风尘沉积的研究表明 ,东海嵊泗列岛上广泛接受晚更新世以来的风尘堆积[1] 。嵊山岛是浙江沿海舟山群岛最外缘的岛屿之一 ,位于 30°4 5′N、12 2°5 0′E的东海海域 ;岛屿面积约 4 2 5km2 ,该岛屿主要由花岗岩基岩组成 ,岛屿最高点海拔达 10 0多米。岛屿大部分地区基岩直接出露地表 ,厚达数米的风尘黄土直接覆盖在基岩之上。该岛风尘堆积地层较为典型 ,保存较为完好 ,风尘地层记录诸多古气候、古环境变化的信息 ,是研究中国东部第四纪风尘沉积、第四纪环境演变和全球变化区域响应的良好载体。通过对岛屿风尘… 相似文献
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15.
Arjun M. Heimsath William E. Dietrich Kunihiko Nishiizumi Robert C. Finkel 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2001,26(5):531-552
Landscapes in areas of active uplift and erosion can only remain soil‐mantled if the local production of soil equals or exceeds the local erosion rate. The soil production rate varies with soil depth, hence local variation in soil depth may provide clues about spatial variation in erosion rates. If uplift and the consequent erosion rates are sufficiently uniform in space and time, then there will be tendency toward equilibrium landforms shaped by the erosional processes. Soil mantle thickness would adjust such that soil production matched the erosion. Previous work in the Oregon Coast Range suggested that there may be a tendency locally toward equilibrium between hillslope erosion and sediment yield. Here results from a new methodology based on cosmogenic radionuclide accumulation in bedrock minerals at the base of the soil column are reported. We quantify how soil production varies with soil thickness in the southern Oregon Coast Range and explore further the issue of landscape equilibrium. Apparent soil production is determined to be an inverse exponential function of soil depth, with a maximum inferred production rate of 268 m Ma?1 occurring under zero soil depth. This rate depends, however, on the degree of weathering of the underlying bedrock. The stochastic and large‐scale nature of soil production by biogenic processes leads to large temporal and spatial variations in soil depth; the spatial variation of soil depth neither supports nor rejects equilibrium morphology. Our observed catchment‐averaged erosion rate of 117 m Ma?1 is, however, similar to that estimated for the region by others, and to soil production rates under thin and intermediate soils typical for the steep ridges. We suggest that portions of the Oregon Coast Range may be eroding at roughly the same rate, but that local competition between drainage networks and episodic erosional events leads to landforms that are out of equilibrium locally and have a spatially varying soil mantle. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
16.
The epicenters of earthquakes which occurred in the vicinity of Tokyo during the period 1926–1967 have been plotted by an IBM 360/40 computer at the Earthquake Prediction Observation Center. As a result, a seismically quiescent area is found to the south of Tokyo. The area coincides with the shallower part of the focal plane of the great Kanto earthquake of 1923 as obtained from the analyses of seismological and geodetic data. In historical times, many large earthquakes having a magnitude of 7.0 or greater took place in this area. If it is assumed that the strain energy has been constantly accumulated in this area, an energy potentially equivalent to that of a large earthquake of which the magnitude exceeds 7.7 seems to be stored in the crust there. 相似文献
17.
On the basis of experimental works in the FeS-FeO-SiO2(-Fe3O4 or -Na2O) system with synthetic ZnS or PbS, the partition of zinc and lead between silicate and sulfide liquids is shown to be affected by the oxygen content of the sulfide liquids. The partition coefficients K, metal wt. % in sulfide liquid / metal wt. % in silicate liquid, for zinc and lead go through a minimum at relatively low oxygen contents of the sulfide liquids. KZn and KPb for natural sulfide liquids in equilibrium with basic magmas near the earth's surface are estimated at 0.1–0.5 and greater than 10, respectively. Although KZn and KPb change appreciably with oxygen content of the sulfide liquids, they never become sufficiently high to concentrate zinc and lead in economic amounts in magmatic sulfide ores. 相似文献
18.
Based on the equation recently determined, formation pressures of skarn-type ore deposits were estimated from the composition of sphalerite coexisting with pyrite and hexagonal pyrrhotite. As criteria for equilibrium among sphalerite, pyrite and hexagonal pyrrhotite, the following three points were carefully checked on each specimen: 1) the presence of hexagonal pyrrhotite, 2) no time sequences among the formation of sulfide minerals, and 3) no compositional variation in sphalerite. Most of the Cu-Fe skarn deposits studied were formed under pressures of more than 1 kb, whereas Zn-Pb(-Cu-Fe) deposits tend to have formed at relatively shallow environments, namely under less than 1 kb. The calculated pressures are qualitatively consistent with the depth of formation of deposits estimated from the geological evidences. The sphalerite geobarometry is quite sensitive even at low pressure ranges, and it is applicable to the deposits formed under shallow conditions. 相似文献
19.
The reaction between enstatite (En95.3Fs4.7) and CaCO3 has been studied at pressures between 23 and 77 kbars and at temperatures between 800° and 1400°C. At 1000°C enstatite and CaCO3 react to form dolomite and diopside solid solutions at pressures below approximately 45 kbars and magnesite and diopside solid solutions at higher pressures. The curve for the reaction dolomitess + enstatitess ? magnesitess + diopsidess lies between 40 to 45 kbars at 1000°C and between 45 and 50 kbars at 1200°C. It is very close to the graphite-diamond transition curve. These experimental results indicate that calcite (or aragonite) is unstable in the presence of enstatite, and that dolomite and magnesite are the stable carbonates at high pressures. The forsterite + aragonite assemblage is, however, stable to at least 80 kbars at 800°C. It is suggested that in the upper mantle where enstatite is present, dolomite is stable to depths of about 150 km and magnesite is stable at greater depths in the continental regions, assuming that the partial pressure of CO2 is equal or close to the total pressure. It is also suggested that carbonate inclusions in pyroxene can be used as an indicator of the depth of their equilibration; dolomite inclusions in enstatite would be formed at depths shallower than 150 km and magnesite inclusions in diopside at greater depths. Eclogite and peridotite inclusions in kimberlite may be classified on this basis. 相似文献
20.
Four new radiocarbon dates of elevated strandlines in tectonically active areas of eastern Indonesia and East Malaysia indicate average rates of uplift that range between 4.5 and 9 mm annually during the past 24,000 yr. These values are at least three times higher than former estimates from eastern Indonesia. Another radiocarbon date from the south arm of Sulawesi—also tectonically mobile—indicates a rate of uplift of 1.4–2.5 mm per year which corresponds with earlier determinations. This particular case, however, suggests that the sample was probably located close to a north-south axis about which southern Sulawesi was tilted during the Quaternary. 相似文献