一种基于区域增长的机载LIDAR滤波

机载Lidar的滤波和分类是获取高精度数字高程模型的关键,也是目前国际研究的重点和难点之一。本文根据Sithole对裸露地面的定义,将"区域增长"用于机载Lidar滤波。通过不同测区进行实验并与八大经典滤波相比较,给出滤波前后结果。实验结果表明该算法自适应能力强,计算速度快,滤波效果好,具有较高的稳健性。     

基于Skyline的三维空间数据网络发布

三维场景中三维地形模型和建筑模型等结构复杂,纹理丰富,使得三维数据被称为"海量"数据库,给三维场景在IE浏览器中的的快速加载与显示增加了难度。本文在分析评价现今网络三维可视化方面使用较广泛的软件和技术模式的基础上,介绍Skyline系列软件关于提高三维数据的传输效率的关键技术,并针对此问题进行设计实验,对软件的实用性的进行分析和评估。     

Rainfall interception by tree crown and leaf litter: An interactive process

Rainfall interception research in forest ecosystems usually focuses on interception by either tree crown or leaf litter, although the 2 components interact when rainfall occurs. A process‐based study was conducted to jointly measure rainfall interception by crown and litter and the interaction between the 2 interception processes for 4 tree species (Platycladus orientalis and Pinus tabulaeformis represented needle‐leaf species, and Quercus variabilis and Acer truncatum represented broadleaf species) at 3 simulated rainfall intensities (10, 50, and 100 mm hr^?1). Results indicated that (a) crown and litter interception processes incorporated 3 phases: the dampening phase, the steady saturation phase, and the postrainfall drainage phase, but the dampening phase for litter interception usually lasted 30 min longer than for crown interception; (b) the maximum and minimum interception storage (C _max and C _min ) for the crown were 0.63 and 0.36 mm on average, and litter C _max and C _min were 5.38 and 2.36 mm, respectively; (c) generally, crown and litter C _max and C _min increased when gross precipitation increased significantly (p  < .05) from 10 to 100 mm; and (4) crown C _max and C _min for needle‐species were 1.8 and 1.2 times larger than broadleaf species, whereas broadleaf litter showed the opposite, its C _max and C _min were 2.0 and 1.6 times larger than needle‐leaf litter on average; however, no significant differences were observed in crown and litter C _max and C _min between species on per leaf area and litter thickness basis. Results were normalized by total leaf area and litter thickness to provide a way to scale up from young trees to mature forests. Overall, rainfall interception was affected by biotic and abiotic factors together and could be quantified via multiple linear regression functions.     

A Permanent Multilevel Monitoring and Sampling System in the Coastal Groundwater Mixing Zones

To study the spatial and temporal variability of water dynamics and chemical reactions within the coastal groundwater mixing zones (CGMZs), high‐resolution periodical and spatial groundwater sampling within CGMZs is needed. However, current samplers and sampling systems may require heavy driving machines to install. There is also possible contamination from the metal materials for current samplers and sampling systems. Here, a permanent multilevel sampling system is designed to sample coastal groundwater within CGMZs. This cost‐effective system consists of metal‐free materials and can be installed easily. The system is tested in Po Sam Pai and Tingkok, Tolo Harbor and Hong Kong. Major ions, nutrients, stable isotopes and radium and radon isotopes were analyzed and the data provided scientific information to study the fresh‐saltwater interface fluctuations, and temporal variations and spatial heterogeneity of geochemical processes occurred within CGMZs. The reliable spatial and temporal data from the sampling system demonstrate that the system functions well and can provide scientific data for coastal aquifer studies.     

Molecular identification,expression pattern,and in-vitro bioactivity analysis of insulin-like growth factor 2 in olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus

Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are key regulators of development and growth. Here, we characterized the igf2 gene from olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) and determined its temporal and spatial expression. We set up an in-vitro protein expression system in eukaryotic human embryonic kidney (HEK293T) cells and explored its effects on cell proliferation. The flounder igf2 cDNA contained a 648-bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a protein of 215 amino acids (aa), which spanned the complete signal peptide (47 aa), mature peptide (70 aa), and E domain (98 aa). In adult flounder, igf2 mRNA was detected in all selected tissues. In early development, igf2 mRNA was detected throughout development from unfertilized eggs to hatching-stage embryos. In-situ hybridization analysis indicated that igf2 mRNA was specially expressed in the brain region, floor plate, hypochord, otic vesicle, and pectoral fin during embryogenesis. Western blotting analysis indicated that the soluble recombinant flounder IGF2 protein was successfully produced through eukaryotic expression in HEK293T cells. In addition, the recombinant IGF2 protein significantly promoted the proliferation of human cervical carcinoma (HeLa) and HEK293T cells. These results provide new information about the structural and functional conservation, expression patterns, and biological activity of the igf2 in teleosts.

     

Assessing the applicability of conceptual hydrological models for design flood estimation in small-scale watersheds of northern China

Natural Hazards - The estimation of design flood is mainly focused on the peak flow and the volume, ignoring the underlying surface factor and flood rising and falling process. Three basic...     

Interaction between submarine landslides and suspended pipelines with a streamlined contour

Recently, the security and stability of submarine pipelines have attracted much attention in ocean engineering. In this paper, pipelines with a streamlined contour (wedge, airfoil, double-ellipse, and arc-angle hexagon) are designed in hopes of defending against the impact of submarine landslides, and the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach is used to investigate the interaction between submarine landslides and streamlined pipelines. The results show that the peak interactional force is more representative of the hazard level of pipelines imposed by submarine landslides. It is also found that the streamlined pipelines possess a significant advantage in reducing the drag force and lift force of landslide–pipeline interaction with a maximum lessening percentage of 66.32 and 40.17%, compared with a conventional circular pipeline. In addition, the influence of applying streamlined pipelines to engineering is briefly discussed, and the empirical equation for estimating the drag force and lift force of streamlined pipelines induced by landslides is recommended based on the numerical test results.     

基于风险的内转塔单点系泊线强度设计

随着安全管理意识的提高,海洋工程结构物的设计正在由基于规范的设计逐步转变到基于风险的设计。根据系泊线年腐蚀磨损量,按照钢缆和锚链的截面损失率,考虑截面损失变化的不确定性,建立系泊线承载能力随时间变化的概率密度模型。根据势流理论,建立FPSO及其系泊系统的水动力模型,求解设计海况下系泊线张力的时间历程,拟合系泊线最大张力的概率分布。根据可靠性理论,求解系泊线断裂的概率。按照系泊系统的不同工作年限,绘制系泊系统失效概率变化的曲线。结果表明,不同的风险接受准则,以及系泊缆的直径缩减速率对于系泊线的抗拉强度和寿命具有重要影响。概率化的系泊系统风险评估工作,为基于风险的FPSO系泊系统设计提供了参考。     

智能高精地图数据逻辑结构与关键技术

以车辆自动驾驶、无人驾驶为研究对象,讨论定义了智能高精地图,认为智能高精地图作为未来出行的关键一环,是交通资源全时空实时感知的载体和交通工具全过程运行管控的依据。智能高精地图作为一种全新的地图形式,与传统导航电子地图相比,在地图学理论和应用需求等方面有其鲜明特点。为推动智能高精地图研究与应用进展,需要对其关键特征与问题展开分析讨论。本文从地图学理论上提出智能高精地图信息传输模型;从实际应用上结合轮式机器人自主智能控制流程,提出智能高精地图数据逻辑结构,并分析其在自动驾驶中的应用;从计算模式上总结“众包+边云协同计算”计算模式,并针对如何提高众包数据质量的问题,开展关键技术分析;从应用场景上分析未来智能高精地图的有效应用场景;最后提出对本领域未来发展的一些思考与建议。     

基于GPS数据的MODIS近红外水汽线性回归模型

针对地基GPS反演水汽空间不连续以及MODIS近红外水汽产品精度不足的问题,利用2010年香港地区地基GPS水汽数据和MODIS近红外水汽数据,提出了一种基于地基GPS订正MODIS水汽产品继而得到高精度空间连续分布可降水汽的方法。通过比较3种干延迟模型,选取最适合香港地区的Hopfield模型并利用高精度软件GAMIT解算GPS水汽,建立GPS水汽与MODIS水汽之间的线性模型,以实现对MODIS近红外水汽产品的逐月订正。结果表明,经过订正的MODIS水汽产品在各月的MRE、RMSE、PBIAS均有所改善,该方法能够有效融合地基GPS和MODIS的优点,可以得到连续区域的高精度水汽数据,这对天气预报、气候监测等有重要意义。