基于有限元法的层状岩体破裂规律探讨

层状岩体的非均质性及各向异性导致其破裂方式及规律与均质岩体有显著不同。对层状岩体分别进行不同方式的单轴、双轴、三轴试验, 分析应力-应变曲线特征; 再利用ANSYS有限元软件进行数值模拟, 观察应力、应变在岩体上的分布, 通过曲线和图件的对比分析, 并结合岩石破裂理论, 总结不同应力状态下层状岩体的破裂方式、顺序及规律; 最后以富台地区为例, 对分析结果进行验证。研究结果表明, 不同受力方式对层状岩体破裂的影响体现在施加的载荷及约束与层面的方位。当应力方向与岩层面平行时, 强度大的石灰岩岩体发生集中应力, 首先破裂; 而应力与岩层面垂直时, 强度小的泥岩岩体首先破裂。岩石试验、数值模拟结果以及实例均成功验证了这个规律。      

历史时期气候变化对中国古代农业影响研究的若干进展

IPCC报告指出:气候变暖将给人类农业生产和粮食安全带来严重的"负面"影响.中国历史上的情况又是怎样的呢?本文在前人工作的基础上,通过对我国秦汉以来气候变化与农业经济发展对应关系的梳理与分析,从百年尺度上阐明气候变化对我国古代农业生产的影响,结果表明:暖期利于农业发展,冷期则相反.当气候温暖时(如秦汉、隋唐时期),北方农业种植界线北移,农耕区扩大,同时农作物生长期增长,熟制增加,粮食产量提高;而当气候寒冷时(如魏晋南北朝、唐后期至五代时期),农业种植界线南退,宜农土地减少,农作物生长期缩短,熟制区域单一,粮食产量下降.古代稻作区的分布也具有类同的变化.     

基于JADE算法的地震资料随机噪声盲分离方法研究

独立分量分析是近年由盲信号理论发展起来的一种新的多维信号处理方法,在没有先验信息的情况下,能够实现源信号的分离。地震资料中常常包含随机噪声,它是由各种不可预知因素综合作用而成,无统一规律。文中将ICA应用于去除随机噪声问题,在对地震数据特点进行分析的基础上,建立了随机噪声盲分离的ICA模型,并对其假设条件和固有不确定问题进行了深入分析,利用文中改进的稳健预处理算法,先去除加性高斯白噪声,然后将预处理后的数据采用JADE盲分离算法分离出有效信号和非高斯分布的随机噪声,并建立能够辨识有效信号的准则,解决了ICA分离后次序不确定问题,实现了有效信号的提取。仿真实验和对实际地震资料处理表明文中提出的算法能够有效地去除随机噪声。     

An analytical solution for one-dimensional contaminant diffusion through multi-layered system and its applications

An analytical solution for one-dimensional contaminant diffusion through multi-layered media is derived regarding the change of the concentration of contaminants at the top boundary with time. The model accounts for the arbitrary initial conditions and the conditions of zero concentration and zero mass flux on the bottom boundary. The average degree of diffusion of the layered system is introduced on the basis of the solution. The results obtained by the presented analytical solutions agree well with those obtained by the numerical methods presented in the literature papers. The application of the analytical solution to the problem of landfill liner design is illustrated by considering a composite liner consisting of geomembrane and compacted clay liner. The results show that the 100-year mass flux of benzene at the bottom of the composite liner is 45 times higher than that of acetone for the same composite liner. The half-life of the contaminant has a great influence on the solute flux of benzene diffused into the underlying aquifer. Results also indicates that an additional 2.9–5.0 m of the conventional (untreated) compacted clay liner under the geomembrane is required to achieve the same level of protection as provided by 0.60 m of the Hexadecyltrimethylammonium (HDTMA)-treated compacted clay liners in conjunction with the geomembrane. Applications of the solution are also presented in the context of a contaminated two-layered media to demonstrate that different boundary and initial conditions can greatly affect the decontamination rate of the problem. The method is relatively simple to apply and can be used for performing equivalency analysis of landfill liners, preliminary design of groundwater remediation system, evaluating experimental results, and verifying more complex numerical models.     

永定县石坑岽矿区的构造特征分析

石坑岽矿区位于龙永煤田南部、抚市向斜的西翼,总体构造形态为一轴向近东西的背斜,受构造影响,背斜形态受到破坏严重。隔溪井田位于石坑岽矿区的东北,已查明的构造形态由多个钻孔控制,井田内的F11断层为逆断层,资料证实该断层延伸至石坑岽矿区,但在石坑岽矿区被确定为正断层（F5）,为此利用隔溪井田中的10、17、23号钻孔资料及石坑岽矿区已有研究成果,对矿区内多条断层进行了重新解释,认定石坑岽矿区F5即为隔溪井田的F11逆断层。重新厘定的矿区构造形态,为石坑岽矿区转入详查勘探具有理论指导作用。     

软岩地区高陡斜坡堆积体在强降雨条件下的起动机制研究

汶川地震造成了大量的次生地质灾害,同时在灾区也形成了大量高陡斜坡堆积体,有的位于河流岸边,有的位于泥石流沟内,有的位于居民点及重要基础设施周围。在雨季来临时,强降雨对斜坡堆积体影响的大小对灾后重建有着重要的影响。本文采用室内物理模型进行实验研究,得出了在软岩地区的这类坡面堆积体产生运动的条件,并给出了粗颗粒的含量对坡体产生失稳的影响模式。     

大气准定常行星波异常传播及其在平流层影响东亚冬季气候中的作用

东亚季风区同时受世界上最广阔的大洋和陆地的影响,这种行星尺度的海陆热力对比以及青藏高原大地形的作用,从而产生很强的行星尺度扰动,并且这种扰动具有准定常的性质。利用再分析资料研究了准定常行星波活动的变化对东亚地区冬季气候异常的影响,主要侧重于年际和季节内时间尺度上的变化。在年际时间尺度上,冬季行星波两支波导的变化存在反相关的振荡关系,这种年际振荡一方面影响了北半球环状模的位相,另外一方面导致了东亚地区的气候异常。当有异常强的低纬波导时,一般对应有西伯利亚高压的减弱和我国东北、华北地区的增温;反之当有异常弱的低纬波导时,我国东北和华北温度则普遍偏低。研究还表明,行星波传播的年际振荡与东亚地区气候异常的关系显著地受到热带平流层准两年周期振荡（QBO）的调制,只是当QBO处于东风位相时,行星波传播的年际振荡才与东亚气候异常有显著的关系。在季节内时间尺度上,准定常行星波的变化与平流层极涡的低频变化密切相关,并且这种平流层极涡的异常通过和行星波的相互作用,可以自上而下影响到对流层的短期气候;平流层极涡异常下传对对流层大气环流有明显的影响,并且这种影响在东亚地区非常显著。由于平流层变化通常维持时间长,并且平流层极涡异常下传领先于对流层,因此这为东亚冬季短期气候异常的预报提供了一个新的预报依据。     

Orbital resonances in the inner neptunian system: II. Resonant history of Proteus, Larissa, Galatea, and Despina

We investigate the orbital history of the small neptunian satellites discovered by Voyager 2. Over the age of the Solar System, tidal forces have caused the satellites to migrate radially, bringing them through mean-motion resonances with one another. In this paper, we extend our study of the largest satellites Proteus and Larissa [Zhang, K., Hamilton, D.P., 2007. Icarus 188, 386-399] by adding in mid-sized Galatea and Despina. We test the hypothesis that these moons all formed with zero inclinations, and that orbital resonances excited their tilts during tidal migration. We find that the current orbital inclinations of Proteus, Galatea, and Despina are consistent with resonant excitation if they have a common density . Larissa's inclination, however, is too large to have been caused by resonant kicks between these four satellites; we suggest that a prior resonant capture event involving either Naiad or Thalassa is responsible. Our solution requires at least three past resonances with Proteus, which helps constrain the tidal migration timescale and thus Neptune's tidal quality factor: 9000<QN<36,000. We also improve our determination of Qs for Proteus and Larissa, finding 36<QP<700 and 18<QL<200. Finally, we derive a more general resonant capture condition, and work out a resonant overlap criterion relevant to satellite orbital evolution around an oblate primary.     

镁—4,5—二溴苯基荧光酮络合吸附波及其应用

在ＰＨ１０．３的ＮａＢ４Ｏ７－ＮａＯＨ介质中,Ｍｇ＾２＋与４,５－二溴苯基荧光酮形成络合物,于－０．９５Ｖ出现一灵敏的阴极波。Ｍｇ＾２＋的质量浓度在８．２－５８μｇ／Ｌ时与峰电流呈线性关系,检出限为２．１μｇ／Ｌ。