南秦岭竹山地区早古生代碱性岩浆活动及其相关铌稀土成矿的若干认识

南秦岭竹山地区发育强烈的志留纪碱性岩浆活动,主要岩性包括正长岩、火成碳酸岩、粗面岩和碱性玄武岩,侵位时间集中于450~430 Ma。该期碱性岩浆活动主要形成于幔源碱性玄武质岩浆结晶分异演化,岩浆源区以HIMU组分为主,具有HIMU和EMⅠ、EMⅡ多种富集地幔端员混合特征。碱性杂岩体普遍发育铌、稀土矿化,形成了庙垭、杀熊洞、天宝等大型或超大型矿床。区域性深大断裂及其次级断裂控制了碱性杂岩体或碱性火山杂岩的空间展布,富碱和较高的结晶分异程度是成矿有利条件。幔源与洋壳俯冲消减、陆源沉积物再循环以及地幔流体交代作用关系密切。该期碱性岩浆-成矿事件形成于板块边缘岩石圈强烈伸展和幔源岩浆底侵上涌背景。     

Petrogenesis of Triassic Mafic Complexes with MORB/OIB Affinities from the Western Garzê-Litang Ophiolitic Mélange, Central Tibetan Plateau

There is a general consensus that most ophiolites formed above subduction zones(Pearce,2003),particularly during forearc extension at subduction initiation(Shervais,2001;Stern,2004;Whattam and Stern,2011)."Supra-Subduction zone"(SSZ)ophiolites such as the well-studied Tethyan ophiolites,generally display a characteristic sequential evolution from mid-oceanic ridge basalts(MORBs)to island arc tholeiities(IATs)or bonites(BONs)(Pearce,2003;Dilek and Furnes,2009,2011),which were generated in sequence from the decompression melting of asthenospheric mantle and partial melting of subduction-metasomatized depleted mantle(Stern and Bloomer,1992;Dilek and Furnes,2009;Whattam and Stern,2011).However,ophiolites with MORB and/or oceanic-island basalt(OIB)affinities are rare,and their origin and tectonic nature are poorly understood(Boedo et al.,2013;Saccani et al.,2013).It is interesting that the composition of these ophiolites from the central Tibetan Plateau(CTP)is dominated by MORBs and minor OIBs and a distinct lack of IATs and BONs,which is inconsistent with most ophiolites worldwide(Robinson and Zhou,2008;Zhang et al.,2008).But the generation and tectonic nature of these ophiolites are still controversial.*In this study,we present new geochronological,mineralogical and Sr-Nd isotopic data for the Chayong and Xiewu mafic complexes in the western Garzê-Litang suture zone(GLS),a typical Paleo-Tethyan suture crossing the CTP(Fig.1).The Triassic ophiolite in the western GLS has been described by Li et al.(2009),who foundthat it mainly consists of gabbros,diabases,pillow basalts and a few metamorphic peridotites.The ophiolite has been tectonically dismembered and crops out in Triassic clastic rocks and limestones as tectonic blocks.The Chayong and Xiewu mafic complexes are generally regarded as important fragments of the Triassic ophiolites(e.g.,Jin,2006;Li et al.,2009).Zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb ages of234±3 Ma and 236±2 Ma can be interpreted as formation times of the Chayong and Xiewu mafic complexes,respectively.The basalts and gabbros of the Chayong complexexhibitenrichedMORB(E-MORB)compositional affinities except for a weak depletion of Nb,Ta and Ti relative to the primitive mantle,whereas the basalts and gabbros of the Xiewu complex display distinct E-MORB and OIB affinities.The geochemical features suggest a probable fractionation of olivine±clinopyroxene±plagioclase as well as insignificant crustal contamination.The geochemical and Sr-Nd isotopic data reveal that the Chayong mafic rocks may have been derived from depleted MORB-type mantle metasomatized by crustal components and Xiewu mafic rocks from enriched lithosphericmantlemetasomatizedbyOIB-like components.The ratios of Zn/Fet,La/Yb and Sm/Yb indicate that these mafic melts were produced by the partial melting of garnet+minor spinel-bearing peridotite or spinel±minor garnet-bearing peridotite.We propose thatback-arcbasinspreadingassociated with OIB/seamount recycling had occurred in the western GLS at least since the Middle Triassic times,and the decompression melting of the depleted MORB-type asthenospheremantleandpartialmeltingof sub-continental lithosphere were metasomatized by plume-related melts,such as OIBs,which led to the generation of the Chayong and Xiewu mafic melts.     

1992-2011年夏季南海西部离岸流区涡流相互作用特征

本文利用南海海洋再分析产品REDOS（Reanalysis Dataset of the South China Sea）和风场资料CCMP（Cross-Calibrated,Multi-Platform）,从能量学角度探讨了1992-2011年夏季（6-9月）越南离岸流区域涡-流相互作用特征,并通过能量收支方程诊断评估了风应力、压力梯度、正压不稳定以及平流的相对贡献。以越南离岸流的强度作为分类标准,对1992-2011年划分为正异常年、负异常年和正常年。结果表明,在正异常年,涡动能EKE（Eddy Kinetic Energy）和涡势能EPE（Eddy available Potential Energy）极大值主要分布在越南离岸流附近;在负异常年,EKE极大值向南北两侧分散,EPE极大值向北延伸;在正常年,EKE和EPE的极值空间分布介于正负异常之间。斜压不稳定是EPE年际变化的主要因素,越南离岸流影响周围海域的速度和密度分布,是斜压不稳定的主要原因。而影响EKE年际变化的因素较为复杂,压力做功是最主要的影响因素,风应力做功和平流做功次之,正压不稳定最小,其中正压不稳定依赖于流速大小和由风应力旋度扰动引起的上层水平流速剪切。     

1982-2016年北极开阔水域变化

近30年来,北极海冰覆盖范围大幅缩减,开阔水域也相应地发生显著变化。本文利用美国雪冰中心的海冰密集度产品以及美国海洋和大气科学管理局的海水表面温度数据产品,分析了1982-2016年北极开阔水域面积以及开阔水域季节长度的年际变化,并进一步探讨了海水表面温度对开阔水域时空变化的影响。结果表明北极开阔水域面积平均每年增加55.89×103 km2,海冰消退时间以平均0.77 d/a的速度在提前,海冰出现时间以平均0.82 d/a的速度在延迟,导致开阔水域季节长度以平均1.59 d/a的速度在增加。2016年达到了有遥感观测资料以来开阔水域面积和开阔水域季节长度的最大值,分别为13.52×106 km2和182 d。9个海区的开阔水域变化特征有一定的差异,对开阔水域变化贡献最大的有北冰洋核心区、喀拉海和巴伦支海。海水表面温度对开阔水域的变化有着重要影响,且影响的程度与纬度相关,即高纬度地区的海水表面温度对开阔水域的影响高于低纬度地区。     

京津冀沿海地区海水淡化取水适宜性分析

为研究京津冀沿海地区海水淡化取水适宜性,于2016年对京津冀沿海地区的海水淡化项目和海洋地质环境进行详细调查,并对我国海洋取水现状进行综合研究。通过综合研究发现:从海洋自然属性角度出发,沧州和天津沿海地区属于淤泥质海滩,水浅坡缓、深水区离岸远、风浪作用下水体中泥沙含量高,适合开发大型(10万m3/d)海水淡化工程,取水方式适宜在海上建设沉淀池、采用潮汐式取水;唐山大清河口以西唐山沿海近岸海域属于淤泥质海滩,深水区离岸较远、水体中泥沙含量较高,适合开发大型(10万m3/d)海水淡化工程;大清河口以东唐山和秦皇岛近岸海域大部分属于砂质岸滩,深水区离岸较近、水质较好,适宜各种规模的淡化工程,且取水方式可采取开挖埋管道的形式采集深水区的海水;沿海海港码头工程岸段由于水深条件较好,适合建设各种规模的淡化项目。     

Experimental and Computational Investigations on Severe Slugging in A Catenary Riser

Severe slugging can occur in a pipeline-riser system at relatively low liquid and gas flow rates during gas-oil transportation, possibly causing unexpected damage to the production facilities. Experiments with air and water are conducted in a horizontal and downward inclined pipeline followed by a catenary riser in order to investigate the mechanism and characteristics of severe slugging. A theoretical model is introduced to compare with the experiments. The results show that the formation mechanism of severe slugging in a catenary riser is different from that in a vertical riser due to the riser geometry and five flow patterns are obtained and analyzed. A gas-liquid mixture slug stage is observed at the beginning of one cycle of severe slugging, which is seldom noticed in previous studies. Based on both experiments and computations, the time period and variation of pressure amplitude of severe slugging are found closely related to the superficial gas velocity, implying that the gas velocity significantly influences the flow patterns in our experiments. Moreover, good agreements between the experimental data and the numerical results are shown in the stability curve and flow regime map, which can be a possible reference for design in an offshore oil-production system.     

乌拉特后旗测老庙坳陷早白垩世古流向分析

位于狼山以北的测老庙地区是内蒙古西部巴音戈壁盆地群东部边缘的次级坳陷,面积850 km~2,沉积主体为白垩纪陆相碎屑岩。在目前能够搜集到的所有资料(包括内部资料)中,前人在该坳陷内的沉积相模式分析以及水文地质研究等工作均认为:测老庙坳陷下白垩统巴音戈壁组的物源区主要是坳陷东南侧的狼山,这意味着狼山在早白垩世就已经隆起。几十年内,这个模式一直作为指导思想影响着该地区找矿勘探方向,但找矿效果均不佳,造成了极大的财力、物力和人力资源的浪费。笔者等认为是这一模型存在问题,因为早白垩世巴音戈壁期狼山尚未隆起,无法充当测老庙坳陷的主要物源区。在沉积盆地分析中,利用古流向判别沉积岩的物源区方位是一种非常简便、有效的研究方法,然而笔者等未找到前人在本研究区进行该项工作的记录。笔者等在测老庙坳陷露头区对巴音戈壁组碎屑岩进行了大规模的古流向测量工作:寻找发育波痕和前积纹层等沉积构造为主的露头48处,并依46组前积纹层和5组波痕测得共计51组数据,利用野外现场恢复和室内赤平投影的方法恢复其原始古流向,最终用玫瑰花图和古流向分布图展示测老庙坳陷早白垩世古流向格局。分析结果表明,测老庙坳陷在早白垩世巴音戈壁期的古流向以自北向南为主,向SE、SW两个方向对称递减,集中分布在140°~210°的范围内,甚至在紧靠狼山的区域,古流向垂直指向狼山山脉延伸方向。据此可以判断:狼山不是巴音戈壁组碎屑岩的主要物源区,狼山最早也应在早白垩世巴音戈壁末期之后才可能隆起。这一研究结果为测老庙地区早白垩世沉积岩相关矿产的勘探开发提供了重要的科学依据,为狼山隆起时代的研究提供了重要的突破点,同时也为沉积岩的古流向测量、恢复与物源区分析提供了成功的范例。     

辽宁弓长岭铁矿二矿区条带状铁建造地球化学特征及成因探讨

本文以弓长岭铁矿二矿区磁铁石英岩、磁铁富矿和蚀变围岩样品为研究对象,进行了主量元素、微量元素、稀土元素和Fe同位素的测试。结果表明:磁铁石英岩主要由TFe2O3和SiO2组成,Al2O3和TiO2质量分数较低,微量元素质量分数和稀土元素质量分数均较低;经澳大利亚后太古界平均页岩(PAAS)标准化的稀土配分模式呈现出轻稀土亏损和重稀土富集,La、Eu和Y的正异常明显,Ce的异常不明显,Y/Ho值较高;富集Fe的重同位素,且与海底喷发热液经过氧化沉淀后的Fe同位素特征一致。磁铁富矿与磁铁石英岩的地球化学特征有很好的一致性和继承性,但磁铁富矿的REE和Eu质量分数较高,且较磁铁石英岩富集Fe的轻同位素,范围更大,与蚀变岩的Fe同位素组成相近。弓长岭铁矿的磁铁石英岩是陆源物质加入很少的古海洋化学沉积岩,为喷出的海底热液与海水的混合条件下氧化沉淀形成的。磁铁富矿推测为富Fe的轻同位素热液对磁铁石英岩进行改造,经过去硅富铁作用形成的。     

CEEMD阈值滤波在MEMS陀螺信号消噪中的应用

现阶段的经典模态分解MEMS陀螺消噪是一种易造成信号失真缺陷的强制消噪算法。针对该问题,在由本征模态函数样本熵和相似度参数线性组合确定复合指标的基础上,提出基于复合指标筛选本征模态函数的互补集合经验模态分解的阈值滤波降噪算法,根据信号的随机噪声特征参数确定阈值,并对筛选后的本征模态函数进行处理。仿真和实例分析结果表明,该算法的消噪效果较强制消噪滤波有较大提高,使MEMS陀螺信号的零偏不稳定性下降了76.4%,速率斜坡下降了62.3%,均方根误差下降了67.5%,同时能够提高MEMS-IMU在行人导航中的定位精度。     

公路路面光谱特征分析与沥青路面老化遥感监测方法初探

随着道路交通的快速发展,道路养护工作正变得日益繁重,如何快速获取道路路面健康状况信息,为公路养护部门提供技术支撑,已成为交通部门的迫切需求。本文通过地面光谱测量手段获取了公路路面的光谱反射数据,基于对不同谱段光谱反射吸收特征的分析,探索了沥青路面老化过程中的光谱响应变化规律。在此基础上,通过比值、归一化等数学运算构建了能反映沥青路面健康状况的光谱指数模型,并基于北京南六环良乡地区2013年9月21日的Worldview-2高分辨率遥感数据,对所构建的沥青路面健康光谱指数模型进行了有效性验证与分析。通过比较不同指数反映沥青路面老化状况的差异,筛选出几个适合沥青道路健康状况检测的光谱指数,并以地面观测数据对检测结果的精度进行了验证。结果表明：利用遥感手段可快速实现大范围道路路面健康状况的监测与评价,拓展了遥感技术的应用领域,同时为公路养护部门提供了新的技术手段。