海域使用动态综合评价理论与技术方法探讨

作为国家海域动态监视监测管理系统建设与业务化运行的最终目标,海域使用动态综合评价对提高海域管理水平,促进政府科学决策起到至关重要的作用。而长期以来,对海域使用的综合评价缺乏统一规范的标准,导致海域使用评价存在较大差异,不能客观反映实际情况。通过探讨海域使用动态综合评价的内容与方法技术,规范海域使用综合评价工作,为提高海洋开发、控制、综合管理能力,服务海域管理决策提供参考,进而为我国海洋经济协调持续发展发挥作用。     

用无味变换法求解交会测量及其协方差传播

在交会测量中,交会角的测量误差会使得定位结果具有不确定性,定位坐标的均值和协方差用于表示定位结果及其不确定度。首先对基于一阶Taylor级数展开的前方交会测量及其协方差传播进行研究,分析发现该方法仅具有一阶精度,特别是在测量误差较大的场合,该方法精度较低。然后将无味变换方法用于前方交会测量定位问题,使定位精度、协方差传播精度均提高到二阶以上。最后通过数值仿真验证了无味变换方法在定位精度以及协方差传播精度方面的优势。     

基于列车运行网络的中国城市中心性分析

 本文基于铁路运行网络,利用复杂网络分析方法中的中心性评价指标,对城市在铁路网络中的中心性进行了分析。我们根据列车时刻表基于L空间模型,构建了铁路运营网络,计算了铁路运营网络中节点城市的不同中心性指标,包括度中心性、邻近中心性和介中心性。这3个指标从不同角度衡量了城市在铁路运输网络中的地位和功能,我们分析了这3个中心性指标的空间分布特征及相关性,并探讨了中心性指标与城市发展之间的关系,进一步揭示铁路网络结构对城市发展的影响。     

Mercury distribution, speciation and bioavailability in sediments from the Pearl River Estuary, Southern China

Surface sediments and sediment cores collected from the Pearl River Estuary (PRE) were analyzed for total mercury (THg) concentrations and speciation using a sequential extraction method. The mobility of Hg in sediments was also assessed using a series of single extraction methods. The surface sediments from the PRE showed slightly elevated levels of Hg, with concentrations ranging from 109 to 453 ng/g. The vertical profile of THg in sediment cores indicated an accelerated input of Hg over the past decades. The organo-chelated and strong-complexed Hg species were the dominant Hg species in the sediments, while the more mobile phases of Hg made up less than 0.5% of THg. Less than 10% of the Hg in the sediments was extracted by single extraction, depending on the extractant employed. Significant relationships were found between the total organic carbon and THg, geochemical speciation, and extractability, indicating the important role of organic matter in controlling the distribution, mobility, and bioavailability of Hg in sediments.     

����RTK������ģ���Ƚ��㷽���о�

?????????????Kalman??????????????????????????????????÷??????????????????????????????????????????????????????ò???????????Kalman?????????ο?????????????????????ù???????????????????????????????????и?????????????????y???CORS????????????÷????????????????????÷???????????????????????????????????????????     

四川金川黄土地层

马厂剖面中黄土-古土壤序列共厚15．5m,根据岩性、磁性地层特征、磁化率、CaCO3含量和光释光测年结果,将金川黄土划分为冰后期S0古土壤,末次冰期1-1黄土,末次间冰期S1古土壤、倒数第二冰期L2黄土和倒数第二间冰期S2古土壤等5个地层单位;其中,S1复合型古土壤又可细分为S1LL1、S1LL2黄土和S1SS1、S1SS2和S1SS3古土壤等5个次级地层单位。金川黄土沉积始于中更新世晚期,其底界的年龄人致为200ka BP,其磁化率变化反映了最近200ka来的高原季风演化和气候环境变迁,5个磁化率高值段指示了5个夏季风环流增强的时段,4个磁化率低值段则代表了4次夏季风减弱的时期。     

基于模糊综合评价法的东极大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)养殖区海水水质评价

采用模糊综合评价法,根据2009年5个月份和2010年6个月份的东极大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)养殖区海水水样监测数据,对该养殖区海水水质状况进行了综合评价。结果表明,在年均值的评价中,2009年和2010年养殖区海水水质均为一类水,对一类水的隶属度分别为0.53和0.80,说明2010年的水质状况好于2009年。2010年6个监测月份的评价结果显示,各监测月份水质状况均为一类水质,但各月水质状况对一类水的隶属度值差别较大。4月份和5月份的水质状况对一类水的隶属度在0.5以上,6月份的水质状况对一类水的隶属度最低,仅为0.33,其余监测月份海水水质对一类水的隶属度均小于4、5月份。评价结果与东极大黄鱼养殖区水质的实际状况相符,说明模糊综合评价法适用于养殖区海水水质的评价。     

Size-based analysis for the state and heterogeneity of pelagic ecosystems in the northern South China Sea

Analyzing and evaluating the state and heterogeneity of ecosystems are required for ecosystem-based management. The abundance size spectrum is a promising approach for evaluating pelagic ecosystems. To analyze the heterogeneity of pelagic ecosystems in the northern South China Sea (NSCS) in summer, a simplified abundance size spectrum (SASS) was proposed. Picophytoplankton (0.2–2 μm), microphytoplankton (10–160 μm), mesozooplankton (160–2000 μm), and macrozooplankton (505–8,000 μm) were sampled in the NSCS in August 2007, and used to build the SASS. On the basis of the SASS parameters, spatial heterogeneity in pelagic ecosystems was detected, and the study waters were distinctly categorized into the river plume or upwelling-affected area and its adjacent coastal area, the deepwater area, area near the Luzon Strait, and the offshore shelf area. Contrasts of SASS parameters between the eastern and western pelagic ecosystems out of the Pear River estuary demonstrate the fast ecosystem response to the spreading of the Pearl River plume. These results indicate that the SASS could be a good indicator for the state of pelagic ecosystems in the NSCS. In addition, the SASS approach is easily available and labor- and time-saving, thus the SASS could be a useful tool for monitoring and evaluating the state of pelagic ecosystems and their responses to perturbations.     

海上导航信息远程传输监控技术研究与应用

将北斗通信技术、船舶自动识别系统技术、航标遥测遥控技术以及GPS差分技术进行有效结合,研制了海上导航信息远程传输监控系统,对我国中、远海海域装有AIS设备的船舶进行跟踪与监控、可疑船舶的辨认、船舶的岸基调度、航标遥测遥控、GPS差分信息远程播发等。相比单一技术的应用,海上导航信息远程传输监控系统不受天气条件限制,无需人员定期出海维护,具有设备集成度高、导航差错率低、功能全面、成本效益好等特点。     

联合国教科文组织国际水文计划项目在东亚可持续水资源管理中的作用

For over 30 years, IHP (International Hydrological Programme) has been actively operating as a UNESCO’s (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) international scientific cooperative programme in water research, water resources management, education and capacity-building, and the only broadly-based science programme of the UN (United Nations) system in this region. By a number of initiatives and networks, the IHP has progressively carried out activities on the quantity and quality of global/regional water resources, transboundary water resources management, mitigation of water related hazards, and water education. While addressing comprehensive areas over water challenges, greater emphasis has been placed on the role of water resources management for sustainable development and with respect to the expected changes in climate and environmental conditions. WWAP (World Water Assessment Programme) and its major product WWDR (World Water Development Report) in East Asia are under the framework of IHP which supports field oriented activities on monitoring freshwater, developing case studies, enhancing national assessment capacity, and facilitating decision making processes. In light of transboundary waters in IHP, RSC (Regional Steering Committee) plays a focal role for facilitating regional cooperation in the Southeast and East Asia and Pacific States. Furthermore, ISI (International Sediment Initiative) and IFI (International Flood Initiative) have significant roles, respectively, for the management of erosion and sedimentation in line with river system or reservoir management, and for the flood management focusing on capacity building of each country in East Asia. There are other major areas of concern under UNESCO’s IHP programme in East Asia, specifically in aspects including, mitigating water conflicts on transboundary aquifers through ISARM (International Shared Aquifer Resources Management), water management of arid areas through Water and Development Information for Arid Lands- A Global Network (Asian G-WADI), and sustainable management of groundwater by UNESCO Water Chair, as well as water education through the programme of Sustainable Water Integrated Management-Educational Component. Author: Ramasamy Jayakumar, native of India, Ph.D, specialized in application of remote sensing, GIS, geo-statistical methods in hydrogeological modelling and irrigation water management.