长江中游沿岸过江大桥工程建设适宜性评价与地学建议

基于长江中游沿岸地质环境条件及过江大桥场地建设基本要求,优选地形地貌、工程地质条件及区域稳定性3个评价因素,运用层次分析法开展长江中游沿岸过江大桥工程场地建设适宜性评价,将长江中游沿岸过江大桥工程分为适宜开发岸线、较适宜开发岸线、一般适宜开发岸线及非优先开发岸线4个等级。长江中游沿岸地区以较适宜开发岸线和一般适宜开发岸线为主,长度分别为625.19 km和598.99 km,分别占岸线总长度的31.35%和30.04%。针对长江中游不同等级岸线的地质特征,提出了相应的地学建议,为长江中游沿岸过江大桥优化选址提供地学指导,进一步促进长江经济带国土资源空间规划与岸线资源保护利用工作的开展。     

Preliminary measurements of boundary layer reactive halogens based on MAXDOAS technique over Salt Lake in West China

正The reactive halogens play key roles in the destruction of boundary layer ozone by catalytic reactions and provide a fast pathway to the sedimentation of elemental gaseous mercury.The presence of bromine oxides in the lower     

辽源建安—个新的晚白垩世火山群的确定

在辽源建安火山群内运用全岩K-Ar测年方法首次获得老道山、双山、毛山及四甲山火山锥体玄武岩的年龄分别为(99.28±1.59)Ma、(91.70±1.67)Ma、(82.55±1.94)Ma、(82.18±2.37)Ma,可确认建安火山群是当前中国东北乃至中国东部规模最大的晚白垩世火山群。这一结果为探讨中国东部晚白垩世时期的构造演化提供了精确的年代学资料,同时,该火山群的形成与寻找无机成因的油气藏具有重要联系,也为该地区蓝宝石矿及伴生宝石矿的初查工作提供了依据。     

江苏省矿产资源总体规划实施情况评估研究

矿产资源总体规划实施情况评估是分析规划目标任务落实情况、找出存在问题和提出改善对策的重要科学手段。针对江苏省第二轮矿产资源总体规划,采用定性与定量相结合的方法,在资料分析与调查研究的基础上,从矿产资源调查与勘查、矿山数量与开采规模、资源合理利用与保护、综合利用与绿色矿业发展、矿山地质环境保护与治理等方面对规划实施情况进行了综合分析,采用层次分析法对规划目标的实现程度进行了量化评价。评估结果表明,江苏省第二轮矿产资源总体规划实施情况优秀,规划目标实现程度达到90%,个别目标完成难度较大,应及时开展规划修编并采取相应改进措施。     

A prediction model for debris flows triggered by a runoff-induced mechanism

Many debris flows were triggered within and also outside the Dayi area of the Guizhou Province, China, during a rainstorm in 2011. High-intensity short-duration rainfall was the main triggering factor for these gully-type debris flows which are probably triggered by a runoff-induced mechanism. A revised prediction model was introduced for this kind of gully-type debris flows with factors related to topography, geology, and hydrology (rainfall) and applied to the Wangmo River catchment. Regarding the geological factor, the “soft lithology” and “loose sediments” in the channel were added to the list of the average firmness coefficient for the lithology. Also, the chemical weathering was taken into account for the revised geological factor. Concerning the hydrological factor, a coefficient of variation of rainfall was introduced for the normalization of the rainfall factor. The prediction model for debris flows proposed in this paper delivered three classes of the probability of debris flow occurrence. The model was successfully validated in debris flow gullies with the same initiation mechanism in other areas of southwest China. The generic character of the model is explained by the fact that its factors are partly based on the initiation mechanisms and not only on the statistical analyses of a unique variety of local factors. The research provides a new way to predict the occurrence of debris flows initiated by a runoff-induced mechanism.     

内蒙古阿拉善盟北部宗乃山中酸性侵入岩年代学、地球化学及构造意义

锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb测年结果表明,阿拉善盟北部宗乃山岩基包括中二叠世钾长花岗岩(272±1 Ma)和早三叠世闪长岩(249±1 Ma)、花岗闪长岩(247±1 Ma)。中二叠世钾长花岗属于准铝质和钾玄质系列,为高分异I型花岗岩。早三叠世闪长岩属钙碱性系列,而花岗闪长岩为弱过铝质,钙碱性系列,属于I型花岗岩。宗乃山地区这些中酸性侵入岩都显示出轻稀土元素相对富集和重稀土元素相对亏损的特征,并且具有微弱-中等的Eu负异常。在原始地幔标准化图解中,都相对富集大离子亲石元素(K、Rb、Ba和Sr等),亏损高场强元素(Ta、Nb、P和Ti等)。宗乃山地区侵入岩的锆石绝大部分具有正的εHf(t)值(+0.3~+11.6)和相对年轻的地壳模式年龄(tCDM=1 275~533Ma),表明源区主要为新生地壳物质。这些特征与同一构造带上沙拉扎山地区的侵入岩十分类似,而明显不同于具有古老基底的阿拉善地块内发育的侵入岩,因此宗乃山-沙拉扎山构造带具有亲中亚造山带的特征,中亚造山带与阿拉善地块的界线应位于宗乃山-沙拉扎山构造带以南。     

Rapid environmental assessment in the South China Sea: Improved inversion of sound speed profile using remote sensing data

Complex perturbations in the profile and the sparsity of samples often limit the validity of rapid environmental assessment (REA) in the South China Sea (SCS). In this paper, the remote sensing data were used to estimate sound speed profile (SSP) with the self-organizing map (SOM) method in the SCS. First, the consistency of the empirical orthogonal functions was examined by using k-means clustering. The clustering results indicated that SSPs in the SCS have a similar perturbation nature, which means the inverted grid could be expanded to the entire SCS to deal with the problem of sparsity of the samples without statistical improbability. Second, a machine learning method was proposed that took advantage of the topological structure of SOM to significantly improve their accuracy. Validation revealed promising results, with a mean reconstruction error of 1.26 m/s, which is 1.16 m/s smaller than the traditional single empirical orthogonal function regression (sEOF-r) method. By violating the constraints of linear inversion, the topological structure of the SOM method showed a smaller error and better robustness in the SSP estimation. The improvements to enhance the accuracy and robustness of REA in the SCS were offered. These results suggested a potential utilization of REA in the SCS based on satellite data and provided a new approach for SSP estimation derived from sea surface data.     

设计相关动载荷作用下的水下耐压结构拓扑优化

常规耐压结构拓扑优化设计研究主要集中于静水压条件下的设计相关载荷拓扑优化理论及方法。但是,在深海环境下,耐压结构可能面临内爆所产生的冲击载荷,其载荷呈现高频率的周期性变化。为研究载荷变化对耐压结构优化设计的影响,在BILE模型的基础上,结合修正的SIMP插值模型,开展不同频率、设计相关动载荷作用下的水下耐压结构拓扑优化理论及方法研究。设计相关动载荷的难点在于不仅载荷的作用位置和方向在优化过程中发生变化,且其大小也随优化过程进行而发生变化,这是与常规设计相关静载荷本质的不同。通过经典的拱形结构优化算例验证BILE模型在动力学拓扑优化中的可行性,进而研究设计相关动载荷作用下的水下耐压结构的最佳拓扑形式。研究表明,在低频时,圆环型耐压结构无明显变化,但多球交接耐压结构在交接处会出现明显材料聚集;高频时,两者均发生明显变化,得到耐压结构新形式。关于设计相关动载荷作用下的水下耐压结构拓扑优化研究,将对新型水下耐压结构的探索具有一定的工程应用价值。     

A New Statistical Downscaling Scheme for Predicting Winter Precipitation in China

An effective statistical downscaling scheme was developed on the basis of singular value decomposition to predict boreal winter(December-January-February)precipitation over China.The variable geopotential height at 500 hPa(GH5)over East Asia,which was obtained from National Centers for Environmental Prediction’s Coupled Forecast System(NCEP CFS),was used as one predictor for the scheme.The preceding sea ice concentration(SIC)signal obtained from observed data over high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere was chosen as an additional predictor.This downscaling scheme showed significantly improvement in predictability over the original CFS general circulation model(GCM)output in cross validation.The multi-year average spatial anomaly correlation coefficient increased from–0.03 to 0.31,and the downscaling temporal root-mean-square-error(RMSE)decreased significantly over that of the original CFS GCM for most China stations.Furthermore,large precipitation anomaly centers were reproduced with greater accuracy in the downscaling scheme than those in the original CFS GCM,and the anomaly correlation coefficient between the observation and downscaling results reached～0.6 in the winter of 2008.