外来种福寿螺(Pomacea canaliculata)对3种沉水植物的牧食偏好及水体理化因子的响应

外来种福寿螺(Pomacea canaliculata)相较我国本土螺类其牧食量更大且繁殖速度更快,对栖息地水生植物的现存量和实施水生植被恢复的生态治理工程的成功性可能构成威胁,目前对福寿螺影响浅水湖泊沉水植物的重建缺乏足够的研究.本文通过设置不同沉水植物种类组合系统,研究福寿螺对3种常用于浅水富营养化湖泊治理的沉水植物密刺苦草(Vallisneria denseserrulata)、轮叶黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata)、穗花狐尾藻(Myriophyllum spicatum)的牧食偏好以及不同植物配置系统理化因子的响应变化,结果表明福寿螺对沉水植物植株附着偏好为密刺苦草轮叶黑藻穗花狐尾藻,而牧食破坏强度为轮叶黑藻穗花狐尾藻密刺苦草,轮叶黑藻最容易受到福寿螺牧食影响而快速消亡,穗花狐尾藻叶片也会被全部牧食仅剩下茎,而苦草存活受到的影响较小.福寿螺会导致轮叶黑藻+密刺苦草组合系统中总氮、氨氮、总磷、正磷酸盐浓度显著升高,而密刺苦草+穗花狐尾藻组合中总磷、正磷酸盐浓度显著升高,但是在轮叶黑藻+穗花狐尾藻组合中仅总氮浓度显著升高.研究表明福寿螺能够影响沉水植物间的竞争关系,但是3种沉水植物均不能阻止福寿螺的牧食;福寿螺牧食会显著降低沉水植物生物量,最终会影响草型清水态系统的稳定性.     

The Role of Groundwater Leakage through Deep Wells for the Deformation of Groundwater Flow: a Case Study in Cangzhou Area

Overexploitation of groundwater in Cangzhou area has attracted wide attention. Different layers of the aquifer may be connected through wells, since most wells of the deep aquifer have screens in several layers. This study proved the existence of vertical flow through wells, calculated the flow velocity and quantity of vertical flow in wells with methods of both field measurement and numerical simulation. Further, the recharge of deep groundwater by vertical flow through wells was estimated. An annual recharge of 1.5×108-2.8×108m3 from the third aquifer to the forth aquifer in Cangzhou area was estimated, according to the in-well measurement by heat pulse flowmeter sonde.     

江汉平原沉积物中普通辉石的特征及物源示踪意义

通过对江汉平原周老孔第四纪岩芯的22个重砂样品中 0.125～0.063mm粒级的重矿物中的普通辉石进行实验分析,发现从钻孔深度104m开始向上,普通辉石的含量明显增多(辉石在该粒级沉积物中的丰度从平均3.2×10－4 增加到10.9×10－4),种类也明显多样(从单一的墨绿色普通辉石到多种颜色的普通辉石都有相当数量的出现),特别是含钛普通辉石(玫瑰红色调)首次出现。通过对江汉平原物源分析,特别是近源(三峡以下,含三峡)和远源(三峡以上)产出普通辉石的岩体的面积及类型的比较分析(近源与远源的基性、超基性岩分布明显不同),认为江汉平原沉积物中普通辉石的变化是由长江上游下金沙江－三峡贯通后远源物质进入所引起的,这个发生变化的钻孔深度(104m)的古地磁年龄为1.1Ma。     

冬小麦生长发育的模拟模式

根据冬小麦生长发育及其与环境条件关系的机理研究,建立了模拟冬小麦发育阶段和各器官生物量变化的动态模式。其中包括3个环境要素子模式,分别计算温度、辐射和水分,5个生物学过程子模式,分别模拟冬小麦的发育、光合、呼吸、同化物分配和叶面积系数。用镇江和海安共8个播期的实测资料对模式进行验证,并对模式进行了初步数值试验应用。     

Changes in the Brewer-Dobson circulation for 1980–2009 revealed in MERRA reanalysis data

Changes in the Brewer-Dobson circulation (BDC) during the 30 years 1980–2009 are investigated using Modern Era Retrospective-analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) reanalysis data. The mass streamfunction that is induced by wave forcings in the transformed Eulerian-mean (TEM) equation through the downward-control principle is used as a proxy for the BDC. The changes in the BDC are investigated using two aspects: the wave propagation conditions in the stratosphere and the wave activity in the upper troposphere. They are compared in the first (P1) and second (P2) 15-year periods. The resolved wave forcing, expressed by the Eliassen-Palm (EP) flux divergence (EPD), is significantly enhanced during the December-January-February (DJF) season in P2 in both the Northern Hemisphere (NH) high latitudes and the Southern Hemisphere (SH) mid- and high latitudes. The increased zonal mean zonal wind at high latitudes in the SH, caused by ozone depletion, leads to an upward shift of the Rossby-wave critical layer and this allows more transient planetary waves to propagate into the stratosphere. In the NH, the enhanced EPD in DJF leads to an increase in the frequency of Sudden Stratospheric Warming (SSW) events. The gravity wave drag (GWD) is smaller than the EPD and the change in it between the two time periods is insignificant. The residual term in the TEM equation is similar to the GWD in the two periods, but its change between the two periods is as large as the change in the EPD. Among the four components of the EP flux at 250 hPa, the meridional heat flux played a dominant role in the enhancement of the BDC in P2.     

河南省春季降水量的时空分布

利用河南省分布均匀的60个测站1961-2006年春季降水量资料,采用线性趋势、多项武拟合、最大熵谱分析、EOF等方法对河南省春季降水量的年际、年代际变化及时空分布特征进行分析,结果显示:河南省春季降水量空间分布南北差异较大,呈现南多北少;春季旱年多于涝年,尤其4、5月偏旱的年份显著多于偏涝年;春季降水量的线性趋势不明显.年际变化具有显著的5 a振荡周期;春季及其各月降水量场第一特征向量呈现全省一致型,其方差贡献率达70%左右,全省春季同涝同旱特征显著.     

“09．11”山西罕见大暴雪天气过程分析

2009年11月9日-12日,山西出现了有气象记录以来最强的一次大暴雪天气过程,全省大部分地区降雪量在10mm～66mm之间,其中有86个县市出现历史同期最大值,39个县超过历史极值．本文利用高空、地面和卫星云图资料,对此次过程进行了综合分析,结果表明：高空强盛的西南气流和低层东北气流以及地面回流为暴雪过程提供了有利的流场配置,500hPa同位相槽和700hPa切变线是主要影响系统,低空急流的持续及水汽的辐合为这次暴雪提供了充足的水汽,卫星云图上云顶亮温最低区与强降雪落区有着很好的对应关系。     

Development of an Operational Hybrid Data Assimilation System at KIAPS

This study introduces the operational data assimilation (DA) system at the Korea Institute of Atmospheric Prediction Systems (KIAPS) to the numerical weather prediction community. Its development history and performance are addressed with experimental illustrations and the authors’ previously published studies. Milestones in skill improvements include the initial operational implementation of three-dimensional variational data assimilation (3DVar), the ingestion of additional satellite observations, and changing the DA scheme to a hybrid four-dimensional ensemble-variational DA using forecasts from an ensemble based on the local ensemble transform Kalman filter (LETKF). In the hybrid system, determining the relative contribution of the ensemble-based covariance to the resultant analysis is crucial, particularly for moisture variables including a variety of horizontal scale spectra. Modifications to the humidity control variable, partial rather than full recentering of the ensemble for humidity further improves moisture analysis, and the inclusion of more radiance observations with higher-level peaking channels have significant impacts on stratosphere temperature and wind performance. Recent update of the operational hybrid DA system relative to the previous 3DVar system is described for detailed improvements with interpretation.     

引起大地电场变化的一些因素

对河北省4个电场台站3年多的大地电场资料进行了全面的分析、整理,总结出引起大地电场变化的一些因素,这对我们认识资料有所帮助。对分析和利用大地电场资料有一定意义。     

利用加卸载响应比分析南昌地震台垂直摆倾斜仪观测数据

对南昌地震台2008—2015年垂直摆倾斜仪观测数据分钟值进行分析,发现观测曲线有清晰的长趋势变化及年变周期特征。利用固体潮加卸载响应比分析法,对观测数据进行计算,结果显示,与台站周围震例及汶川地震有明显的对应关系,表现为明显偏离稳态值1;异常阈值Y1.3时,异常对应合理,具有显著的震前高值异常;异常的时间间隔及幅度与震级、震中距未表现出显著的比例关系,可能与发震动力过程复杂有关。