南昌地区不透水面信息自动提取

随着城市化进程的不断加速,不透水面成为一种十分关键的地表覆盖类型之一,如何快速获取高精度的不透水面信息成为目前遥感研究的重点话题。考虑不透水面构成复杂、光谱曲线复杂的特征,本文基于决策树思想,通过建成区指数（BUAI）、改进的归一化水体指数（MNDWI）,制作研究区植被、水体掩膜,并根据研究区土壤反射光谱特点制作研究区土壤掩膜。通过基于决策树思想的提取模型,结合掩膜文件,逐步剔除透水面,得到不透水面信息。结果表明：该模型提取的不透水面信息总体精度达到了98.27%,Kappa系数为0.86。通过和实地信息对比分析,认为该模型提取结果较为可靠,适用于大范围地区的不透水面信息提取。     

环境标准样品均匀性检验数据漂移校正方法探讨

均匀性检验是环境标准样品研制的重要技术环节,在均匀性检验过程中,数据漂移对环境标准样品均匀性判定及其不确定度评定的影响不容忽视。本文结合实例,从实验方案和数理统计方法等方面探讨了随机分析法、随机区组法、内插校正法、趋势分析校正法等均匀性检验实验方案及数据漂移校正方法。提出采用t检验法判断数据漂移的显著性,在数据漂移趋势不显著的情况下,采用随机分析法进行标准样品的均匀性检验。在数据漂移显著的情况下,宜采用内插校正法或趋势分析校正法对均匀性数据进行漂移校正。以某土壤中Ni元素均匀性检验为例,经采用内插校正法和趋势分析校正法校正漂移数据后,测量值的相对标准偏差(RSD)由3.0%分别下降为1.4%和1.2%,直线模型斜率的绝对值由0.2003 mg/kg分别下降为0.02870mg/kg和4.709×10~(-5)mg/kg。土壤中Ni、Cu、Co、Tl等4种重金属元素的瓶间均匀性不确定度分量(u_(bb))与随机分析法相比,下降最高达78%。在长时间分析测试过程中数据漂移校正效果欠佳的情况下,宜采用随机区组法进行标准样品的均匀性检验。     

基于探针气体吸附等温线的矿物材料表征技术:Ⅲ.表面能量非均质性

表面能量非均质性是影响固体材料表界面行为的重要属性,基于低温气体吸附等温线的分子探针方法是目前得到广泛认可的定量表征该属性的技术。本文详细介绍了这一技术的三种常用计算方法:规则化方法、密度泛函理论及微分等温线加和(DIS)法。作为应用实例,使用规则化方法和DIS方法对合成的Schwertmanite样品进行了表征,发现其表面存在三种不同的能量区域。研究结果表明,规则化方法适用于各种不同的样品,但只能给出吸附能曲线而不能精确表征表面能量区域;函数方法虽然比较精确,但表征值不能处理复杂表面;DIS方法虽能精确表征,但计算却较为繁琐。三种方法可互相补充。     

有机和常规农业管理方式下的浮游植物群落特征及其影响因素

为了解不同农业施肥管理方式对水体浮游植物群落的影响,本研究以江苏句容戴庄有机示范村和常规农业管理区池塘浮游植物为对象,分析冬夏两季浮游植物群落特征及相关水环境因子.结果表明：冬季有机和常规农业区域的浮游植物分别检到7门95种和7门111种,夏季分别检到7门102种和6门112种,有机农业区浮游植物由冬季的隐藻—绿藻型向夏季的蓝藻—绿藻型变化,常规农业区从隐藻—绿藻型向蓝藻—硅藻型变化,蓝藻逐渐取代隐藻的优势地位.夏季各池塘浮游植物alpha多样性没有显著的区域差异,但冬季常规农业区浮游植物物种丰富度、蓝藻和裸藻的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数显著较高.指示物种分析显示,谷皮菱形藻(Nitzschia palea)和梅尼小环藻(Cyclotella meneghiniana)为有机农业区指示物种,而梭形裸藻(Euglena acus)、针形纤维藻(Ankistrodesmus acicularis)、肘状针杆藻(Synedra ulna)和狭形纤维藻(Ankistrodesmus angustus)为常规农业区指示物种,此6种藻为中、富营养化藻类,说明水体氮磷营养盐浓度较高,这与...     

基于漂浮式测风激光雷达观测数据的海上预报风速订正

本文阐述了海上漂浮式测风设备对数据的测量方式和校准方法后,利用三部漂浮式测风激光雷达 50、80和100m三个高度的风速数据,对同地点和高度的GFS全球天气预报模式的风速数据进行预报订正。结 果表明,直接采用滑动自适应权重的Kalman滤波方法产生累积的滞后平均偏差对风速进行订正的结果并不理 想,统计发现通过降低预报订正公式中的滞后平均偏差项的比值,可以获得更好的标准偏差结果。滞后平均偏 差比值减小至0.1~0.5后经Kalman滤波方法订正后的风速标准偏差整体要低于订正前的风速标准偏差,其中最 佳的比值为0.3。利用这一滞后偏差比值对三部雷达不同预报时刻和预报时效的风速样本组进行订正后发现, 除了个别数据样本组外,超过90%数据样本组的风速标准偏差较订正前是减小的。经改进的算法订正后各高 度层风速预报值的改善率大致在5~20%范围内。     

The impact of economic agglomeration on water pollutant emissions from the perspective of spatial spillover effects

Whether economic agglomeration can promote improvement in environmental quality is of great importance not only to China’s pollution prevention and control plans but also to its future sustainable development. Based on the COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) and NH3-N (Ammonia Nitrogen) emissions Database of 339 Cities at the city level in China, this study explores the impact of economic agglomeration on water pollutant emissions, including the differences in magnitude of the impact in relation to city size using an econometric model. The study also examines the spillover effect of economic agglomeration, by conducting univariate and bivariate spatial autocorrelation analysis. The results show that economic agglomeration can effectively reduce water pollutant emissions, and a 1% increase in economic agglomeration could lead to a decrease in COD emissions by 0.117% and NH₃-N emissions by 0.102%. Compared with large and megacities, economic agglomeration has a more prominent effect on the emission reduction of water pollution in small- and medium- sized cities. From the perspective of spatial spillover, the interaction between economic agglomeration and water pollutant emissions shows four basic patterns: high agglomeration-high emissions, high agglomeration-low emissions, low agglomeration-high emissions, and low agglomeration-low emissions. The results suggest that the high agglomeration-high emissions regions are mainly distributed in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, Shandong Peninsula, and the Harbin-Changchun urban agglomeration; thus, local governments should consider the spatial spillover effect of economic agglomeration in formulating appropriate water pollutant mitigation policies.

     

Scheme for teleportation of unknown single qubit state via continuous variables entangling channel

A new scheme for quantum teleportation of single quantum bit state with using continuous variables entangling channel is presented. In our scheme two entangled light fields are employed. An outstanding characteristic of this scheme is that one atomic state is transmitted directly to another atom without using the third atom as the mediate.     

Experimental study of the ballast in situ sediment acoustic measurement system in South China Sea

The mechanical structure, the function modules, the working principles, and a sea trial of the newly developed ballast in situ sediment acoustic measurement system are reported in this study. The system relies on its own weight to insert transducers into seafloor sediments and can accurately measure the penetration depth using a specially designed mechanism. The system comprises of an underwater position monitoring and working status judgment module and has two operation modes: self-contained measurement and real-time visualization. The designed maximum working water depth of the system is 3,000?m, and the maximum measured depth of seafloor sediment is 0.8?m. The system has one transmitting transducer with the transmitting frequency band of 20–35?kHz and three receiving transducers. The in situ acoustic measurement system was tested at 15 stations in the northern South China Sea, and repeated measurements in seawater demonstrated good working performance. Comparison with predictions from empirical equations indicated that the measured speed of sound and attenuation fell within the predicted range and that the in situ measured data were reliable.     

The Loess/Paleosol record and the nature of the younger Dryas climate in central China

The use of latest Pleistocene-Holocene paleosols in defining Chinese climatic sequences is plagued by poor chronological controls caused primarily by the use of radiocarbon dates derived from bulk soil carbon. Dating of a post-glacial aeolian/paleosol sequence in the Pigeon Mountain basin of north-central China, using culturally deposited charcoal, support a wide array of other data suggesting the Younger Dryas was a period of cooler dryer conditions marked by wide-spread aeolian deposition. Periods of soil formation and higher lake levels bracket this climatic event. Climatic variability immediately before, during and immediately after the Younger Dryas interval is associated with rapid technological elaboration and innovation in the production and use of chipped stone tools, and perhaps, ground stone. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

基于GIS的空间数据和空间数据库浅谈

在数字城市、数字省区等数字工程建设和各个部门信息化建设迅速开展的时候，大量甚至海量空间数据的存储和管理成为地理信息系统建设工作者们面临的重要问题，研究空间数据和空间数据库变得非常迫切。简要介绍了空间数据的概念、特征和空间数据结构模型，并对空间数据库的设计做了简单阐述。