东昆仑卡而却卡铜钼铁多金属矿床成矿年代学:辉钼矿Re-Os和金云母Ar-Ar同位素定年约束

卡而却卡矿床位于东昆仑祁漫塔格地区,达大型规模,属矽卡岩型矿床,伴有斑岩型和热液型矿化。区内铜钼铁多金属成矿与似斑状二长花岗岩、花岗闪长岩密切相关。B区矽卡岩铜钼矿石由钙铁榴石、符山石、透辉石、方柱石、透闪石、辉钼矿、黄铜矿等组成,辉钼矿Re-Os加权平均年龄为246.1±1.2 Ma(MSWD=0.92),等时线年龄为245.5±1.6 Ma(MSWD=1.2);B区深部矽卡岩型铁矿石中磁铁矿与透闪石、金云母等共生,金云母Ar-Ar坪年龄为233.9±1.4 Ma(MSWD=1.68),反等时线年龄为234.3±1.5 Ma(MSWD=1.58),成矿时代为中-晚三叠世。卡而却卡矿床辉钼矿的Re含量为(1.342±0.014)×10~(-6)~(23.86±0.29)×10~(-6),表明成矿物质为壳幔混合来源。综合区域地质资料,卡而却卡矿床形成于中-晚三叠世碰撞-后碰撞转换阶段,与中-晚三叠世壳幔岩浆混合作用密切相关,壳幔相互作用可能为区域大规模金属成矿提供成矿物质。     

青海省化隆县沙加含铜镍矿基性杂岩体地质特征及Re-Os同位素研究

沙加岩体是化隆基性-超基性岩带中的一个含铜镍硫化物的基性杂岩体,其岩体规模较小,岩相分带弱,矿体呈透镜状产于岩体中,苏长岩为主要赋矿岩相。对其进行岩石地球化学及硫化物Re-Os同位素测试,结果表明:岩体属钙碱性、铁质系列,富集轻稀土元素,亏损Nb、Ta等高场强元素。硫化物187Os/188Os初始值为0.3469～0.4071,γOs为180～228,说明岩体遭受了显著的地壳混染作用,地壳物质加入比例大于30%。地壳混染可能在岩浆达到S饱和进而熔离出硫化物熔体的过程中起到了重要作用。     

农村土地承包经营权地块面积自动分割的研究

在农村土地承包经营权确权过程中,利用图解法在分辨率高的数字正射影像图基础上进行调绘可以节省大量的劳动力和工作经费。在调绘时,一个地块往往会分给多个承包方,根据村组提供的合同面积以及影像来图解出实际面积。针对此情况,本文提出一种地块面积自动分割的方法,并基于Arc GIS Engine和C#语言实现了该算法,结合实例表明,该方法快速而有效,大大提高了绘制过程的工作效率,节省了时间,具有较好的实用价值。     

陕甘宁及内蒙古西部地区夏季降水的异常气候特征

利用陕西、甘肃、宁夏和内蒙古西部地区64个气象站1961-2000年夏季(6～8月)降水资料,通过Mann-Kendall法和Morlet小波法分析其空间分布和时间变化特征,并选取5个典型多雨年和5个典型少雨年,用NCEP/NCAR资料进行降水异常的对比分析.结果表明:陕甘宁及内蒙古西部地区夏季降水具有明显的空间差异,东南部降水多、西北部降水少,降水整体呈缓慢增多的趋势,线性趋势为2.3 mm/10 a;1976年前后区域内降水发生突变,存在14～16 a的长周期和2 a、2～4 a和准5 a的短周期.多雨年北半球欧亚500 hPa高度距平场中贝加尔湖至我国西北地区为负距平区,东亚沿海为正距平区;温度距平场中贝加尔湖地区为负距平区,距平零线位于西北地区东部.少雨年北半球欧亚500 hPa高度距平场中冷空气主体偏北,贝加尔湖至我国西北地区为正距平区,东亚沿海为负距平区;温度距平场中冷空气活动的区域偏北,贝加尔湖至我国西北地区为正距平区.     

宁夏雷暴天气过程划分及环流分型和环境场特征

利用1961—2005年宁夏25个气象站雷暴观测资料,根据雷暴发生特点对雷暴天气过程进行划分,得到全区(大部)性、区域性Ⅰ、区域性Ⅱ、持续性、局部性、分散性6类雷暴天气过程;并利用1996—2005年NCEP/NCAR逐日全球再分析资料,对10年来5—9月263例区域性雷暴天气过程进行分析,总结得到有利于宁夏雷暴天气发生的主要环流分型有4类:蒙古冷涡(槽)型、东北冷涡后部横槽型、河套低涡型、西风槽型。其中,前3种类型下易出现持续性雷暴天气过程。易于发生雷暴的环境场特征为宁夏处于500 hPa"西高东低"环流形势下的(弱)西北气流中,地面一般为气旋或热倒槽所控制,蒙古国至我国新疆一带或河西一带有冷锋、切变东移南下,中低层有一定的水汽和辐合抬升条件。     

Spatial and temporal evolution of arc volcanism in the northeast Honshu and Izu‐Bonin Arcs: Evidence of small‐scale convection under the island arc?

Abstract   Arc volcanism of the past 10 my in the northeast Honshu and Izu-Bonin Arcs shows several notable features. In the northeast Honshu Arc, the spatial distribution of volcanism exhibits several clusters elongated nearly perpendicular to the arc and the possible migration of volcanism from the back-arc side to the volcanic front side, at least, during the past 5 my. The pattern of clusters seems to have flip-flopped around 5 Ma. In the Izu-Bonin Arc, there are a series of across-arc seamount chains, in which volcanic activity occurred from ca 17 Ma to ca 3 Ma, similar to the clusters of the northeast Honshu Arc, although the recent active rifting occurs almost parallel to the arc. On the basis of studies of numerical modeling, these features might be explained, at least qualitatively, by the small-scale convection under the island arc. Several inferences can be made from our modeling results for the tectonics of the Izu-Bonin Arc. The angle of dip of subducting plate in the Izu-Bonin Arc might have increased. This can explain the disappearance of volcanism along the seamount chains and the recent along-arc volcanism with narrow rifting. The trend of seamount chains, which is oblique to the arc, might not be their intrinsic feature but rather a result of the lateral movement of the back-arc region after their formation. These inferences can be tested by the future detailed morphological and chronological studies of the Izu-Bonin Arc.     

南昌地区不透水面信息自动提取

随着城市化进程的不断加速,不透水面成为一种十分关键的地表覆盖类型之一,如何快速获取高精度的不透水面信息成为目前遥感研究的重点话题。考虑不透水面构成复杂、光谱曲线复杂的特征,本文基于决策树思想,通过建成区指数(BUAI)、改进的归一化水体指数(MNDWI),制作研究区植被、水体掩膜,并根据研究区土壤反射光谱特点制作研究区土壤掩膜。通过基于决策树思想的提取模型,结合掩膜文件,逐步剔除透水面,得到不透水面信息。结果表明:该模型提取的不透水面信息总体精度达到了98.27%,Kappa系数为0.86。通过和实地信息对比分析,认为该模型提取结果较为可靠,适用于大范围地区的不透水面信息提取。     

阿拉善右旗特拜金矿赋矿地层时代厘定及其地质意义

本文对阿拉善右旗特拜金矿的赋矿地层进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年,获得最年轻碎屑锆石的谐和年龄集中在525~461 Ma之间,峰期年龄为（473±3）Ma,限定了该套地层的最大沉积年龄为中奥陶世。结合区域上呈断层接触的石炭纪本巴图组、大量侵位的早二叠世花岗岩,将赋矿地层时代大致限定为中奥陶世-早二叠世,而不是前人认为的中-新元古代。物源分析表明,古元古代-奥陶纪碎屑锆石最可能来自阿拉善地块变质基底和同造山陆缘岩浆弧,这套赋矿地层可能形成于奥陶纪早期俯冲的弧前盆地背景,与中亚造山事件密切相关。     

南祁连化隆地区镁铁-超镁铁质侵入岩地质、地球化学特征与铜镍成矿

南祁连化隆地区的镁铁-超镁铁质侵入岩带是青海省重要的含镍矿岩带,铁质系列良好的岩相分异及较高的Ni、Cu、Co元素含量表现出了很好的成矿条件与找矿潜力。通过对区内裕龙沟、亚曲、阿什贡及下什堂等岩体地质特征、岩石地球化学特征及区域对比分析研究,表明稀土元素的球粒陨石和微量元素的原始地幔蛛网图表现出轻稀土元素相对富集的右倾模式,并且富集大离子亲石元素(Sr、Rb、Ba)、相对亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Hf、Zr)。γOs值表现为大的正值且变化范围较大(+80~+1183),连同普遍存在的Nb、Ta亏损,进一步说明可能也与地壳同化混染密切相关。这些表明带内岩体的母岩浆来自一个曾被交代富集的地幔源区,其εNd(t)=-7.74~+8.36,这些共同表明其岩浆源区应该位于软流圈地幔,并混有一部分被俯冲板片交代的地幔楔物质。而这种交代富集事件可能与祁连、柴北缘在早古生代期间大规模的板片俯冲有关。化隆群富硅地层为硫化物的不混溶创造了同化混染的条件,并最终导致富硅物质的加入,致使岩浆中硫化物的不混溶作用发生,从而可形成不同品位不同类型的岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床。     

Spatial and Temporal Variation Analysis of Snow Cover Using MODIS over Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau during 2003–2014

The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) snow cover information acquisition of the high precision spatial and temporal characteristics is of great significance for the research on its land surface atmosphere coupled system and global climate change effects. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectro-radiometer (MODIS) daily snow cover products (MOD10A1 and MYD10A1) have been widely used in long time series of spatial and temporal variation analysis, but they are limited to be used because of high cloud cover ratio. In this paper, a 7-day rolling combination algorithm was presented to eliminate cloud obscuration, and the whole cloud amount falls below 7 %. The ground station in situ measurements verify that the overall precision is more than 90 %. The presented algorithm guaranteed the same spatial resolution and temporal resolution, and has higher precision than products MOD10A1 and MYD10A1. The MODIS 7-day rolling combination snow cover datasets products were obtained between 2003 and 2014 in the QTP, and the snow cover area of spatial and temporal variation was analyzed. The change characteristics of snow cover duration was also studied combining with the Digital Elevation Model data. Results show that the snow cover area of the whole QTP has a slowly decreased trend, but increases in autumn. Thus, the snow cover proportion of annual periodic and unstable in different elevations has the highest correlation with area of the elevation.