云南及邻区板块的运动学研究

本文以古地磁资料为基础，编制了古地磁纬度变化图，结合地质、生物古地理等资料。重点探讨了扬子板块、滇缅泰板块的漂移、碰撞拼合过程，同时，也探讨了印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞拼合以来云南及其邻区的构造演化。     

渤海氮磷营养盐和叶绿素浓度时空分布数值模拟与富营养化评估

当前渤海富营养化风险仍居高不下,严重制约了环渤海社会经济可持续发展。开展近海富营养化评估与趋势分析是国家生态安全保障的需求, 其难点在于富营养化评价要素长期演变进程高质量数据的获取。基于HAMSOM海洋生态模型, 通过修正溶解有机氮(dissolved organic nitrogen, DON)的难/易降解组分降解动力学形式, 构建了适用于富营养化评估与趋势分析的渤海三维水动力/生物地球化学耦合模型。利用2019年渤海春、夏、秋、冬四个季节DON、溶解无机氮(dissolved inorganic nitrogen, DIN)、溶解无机磷(dissolved inorganicphosphorus, DIP)和叶绿素a(chlorophyll a, chl a)调查结果, 对模型进行了校正, 并利用1980年至2020年的长期调查结果进行了验证, 模拟结果与调查结果相比较, 在数值大小和变化趋势上均吻合较好, 相对标准偏差、相似性系数和Kappa系数分别为24%、0.77和0.60。利用模型模拟计算的DIN、DIP、DON和chl a长期演变进程数据, 计算了营养状态质量指数(nutritional quality index, NQI)。结果表明, 当前渤海富营养化状态整体上处于贫营养状态, 但在渤海湾、辽东湾和莱州湾湾底近岸海域处于富营养状态, 季节上5~10月份处于中等富营养化状态, 从长期变化趋势看, 渤海整体上富营养化状态趋于改善。与复合富营养化指数(compound eutrophication index, CEI)对比表明, 渤海富营养化评估按NQI计算结果与按CEI计算结果相当吻合, 相似性系数为0.83。文章建立的渤海富营养化评估方法具有较高可靠性, 可用于渤海富营养化评估。     

成都市蒲江县窗子坝土地整理区柑橘园土壤微量元素的含量与有效性评价

研究了成都市蒲江县窗子坝土地整理区柑橘园土壤中B、Mo、Zn、Cu、Fe等微量元素的有效态含量,对各微量元素的有效态含量满足作物生长需要的状况进行评价,并讨论了有效态含量与pH值、有机质含量之间的关系。结果表明,窗子坝土地整理区柑橘园土壤有效Fe含量丰富—极丰富,有效Zn含量中等—丰富,有效Cu、有效Mo总体含量在中等以上,有效B含量极其缺乏。针对元素有效态含量的特征,提出了柑橘生产过程中应增施硼肥,并防止有效Fe、有效Cu过高而影响柑橘生长的建议。     

Dating of Dissolved Iodine in Pore Waters from the Gas Hydrate Occurrence Offshore Shimokita Peninsula,Japan: 129I Results from the D/V Chikyu Shakedown Cruise

Iodine concentration and radioisotopic composition (¹²⁹I/I) were measured in the pore waters from the gas hydrate occurrence in the forearc basin offshore Shimokita Peninsula, north-eastern Japan, to determine the source formation of I and accompanying hydrocarbons. Iodine concentrations correlate well with the alkalinity and SO₄ patterns, reflecting degradation stages of I-rich buried organic matter, rapidly increasing in the sulfate reduction interval, and becoming constant below 250 meters below the seafloor with an upwelling flux of 1.5 × 10⁻¹¹ µmol cm⁻² year⁻¹. The ¹²⁹I/I ratios of 300 × 10⁻¹⁵–400 × 10⁻¹⁵ in deep pore waters suggest ages for iodine and hydrocarbon sources as old as 40 Ma. These ages correlate well with the coaly source formations of the Eocene age thought to be responsible for the conventional natural gas deposits underlying the gas hydrate stability zone. Similar profiles are observed in ¹²⁹I/I ratios of pore waters in the gas hydrate stability zone from the forearc basin in the eastern Nankai Trough, offshore central Japan, where pore waters are enriched in I and reach ages as old as ∼50 Ma through the sediment column. At the outer ridge site along the trough, on the other hand, relatively younger I are more frequently delivered probably through thrusts/faults associated with subduction. The nature of source formations of I and hydrocarbons in the offshore Shimokita Peninsula has a more terrestrial contribution compared with those in the Nankai Trough, but these formations are also considerably older than the host sediments, suggesting long-term transport of I and hydrocarbons for the accumulation of gas hydrates in both locations.     

西藏冈底斯西段帮布勒Pb-Zn-Cu矿床晚白垩世岩浆岩成因及意义

帮布勒矿床位于念青唐古拉多金属成矿带西段,为该成矿带已知新发现的最西端大型矽卡岩型Pb-Zn-Cu矿床.矿区内岩浆活动相对单一,主要发育灰色-浅灰色石英斑岩,呈岩株、岩脉状产出,在空间和时间上均与矿化密切相关.为研究石英斑岩的成因及其形成环境,在详实的野外基础地质工作与室内显微观察基础上,对其进行岩石地球化学、锆石U-Pb定年、全岩Sr-Nd-Pb及锆石Hf同位素分析.结果显示:石英斑岩的LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄为77.2±0.8 Ma和77.3±0.7 Ma,形成于晚白垩世;石英斑岩SiO2含量变化于72.78%~77.12%,K2O含量为3.80%~5.55%,铝饱和指数A/CNK为0.88~1.18,显示高钾钙碱性、偏铝质、高分异I型花岗岩特征;稀土总量变化介于146.89×10^-6~247.89×10^-6,具轻稀土相对富集,重稀土亏损的特点,同时具有明显的Sr、Eu、Nb、Ta、P等异常,暗示了其岩浆形成中经历了重要的结晶分异过程.石英斑岩的εHf(t)集中于-7.92^-5.73,对应的地壳模式年龄为1 651~1 121 Ma;全岩(87Sr/86Sr)i比值为(0.714 8~0.725 8);εNd(t)值(-9.01^-7.32),其二阶段Nd模式年龄为1 612~1 477 Ma;铅同位素显示206Pb/204Pb、207Pb/204Pb、208Pb/204Pb分别介于18.686~18.781、15.699~15.762和39.131~39.344.帮布勒石英斑岩可能形成于班公湖-怒江洋南向俯冲结束后的后碰撞伸展环境,与拉萨地块中元古代古老基底部分熔融有关;其发现说明了冈底斯带并不存在绝对意义上的喷发静宁期(80~70 Ma),暗示了区域岩浆活动的连续性.     

阿拉善右旗特拜金矿赋矿地层时代厘定及其地质意义

本文对阿拉善右旗特拜金矿的赋矿地层进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年,获得最年轻碎屑锆石的谐和年龄集中在525~461 Ma之间,峰期年龄为（473±3）Ma,限定了该套地层的最大沉积年龄为中奥陶世。结合区域上呈断层接触的石炭纪本巴图组、大量侵位的早二叠世花岗岩,将赋矿地层时代大致限定为中奥陶世-早二叠世,而不是前人认为的中-新元古代。物源分析表明,古元古代-奥陶纪碎屑锆石最可能来自阿拉善地块变质基底和同造山陆缘岩浆弧,这套赋矿地层可能形成于奥陶纪早期俯冲的弧前盆地背景,与中亚造山事件密切相关。     

Systematic examination of 'precursor waves' of strong earthquakes by using the wavelet method

Based on the borehole strainmeter recordings immediately before the strong earthquakes (<i<M</i<<sub<S</sub<≥?7.5) during the period from 2001 to 2005 observed at the Taian observation station, Shandong Province, the authors make a systematic and objective examination of the precursor waves of the quakes. The effects of Earth tides with periods larger than 128 min are eliminated through high-pass filtering; and atmospheric-pressure inferences are removed by linear regression. The 2?128 min signals are then separated into six frequency bands by employing the wavelet method. Results indicate that the wavelet method is capable of picking out information of weak variations in the signals. According to the characteristics of the 'precursor waves' obtained from wavelet transformation, the method of overrun ratio analysis is put forward for examination. All the detailed components of the wavelets have been analyzed. For the time series of the overrun rate in all these components, statisitical calculation has been made for the slopes of fit curves, and mean values and standard deviations were obtained and positive-negative slope ratios were analyzed. The three statistical data show that 'precursor waves' are not widely recorded by borehole strainmeter within 15 days before remote strong earthquakes.     

高师《世界地理》教学内容与方法探索

高师《世界地理》教学需要教师有效实施探究式教学策略,扮演课程学习的组织者、引导者和合作者的角色,以期达到调动学生在学习过程中的积极性、主动性和研究性的目的。本文基于曾必修《肚界地理》的高师地理科学（师范）专业的本科在学、硕士研究生、中学地理教师的访谈与问卷调查,探索以学生为主体的教学改革,对近年来《世界地理》教学效果进行总体评价,廓清现今教学内容与方法面临的主要问题,并尝试提出优化调整方案,以提高《世界地理》教学效果。     

陕甘宁及内蒙古西部地区夏季降水的异常气候特征

利用陕西、甘肃、宁夏和内蒙古西部地区64个气象站1961-2000年夏季(6～8月)降水资料,通过Mann-Kendall法和Morlet小波法分析其空间分布和时间变化特征,并选取5个典型多雨年和5个典型少雨年,用NCEP/NCAR资料进行降水异常的对比分析.结果表明:陕甘宁及内蒙古西部地区夏季降水具有明显的空间差异,东南部降水多、西北部降水少,降水整体呈缓慢增多的趋势,线性趋势为2.3 mm/10 a;1976年前后区域内降水发生突变,存在14～16 a的长周期和2 a、2～4 a和准5 a的短周期.多雨年北半球欧亚500 hPa高度距平场中贝加尔湖至我国西北地区为负距平区,东亚沿海为正距平区;温度距平场中贝加尔湖地区为负距平区,距平零线位于西北地区东部.少雨年北半球欧亚500 hPa高度距平场中冷空气主体偏北,贝加尔湖至我国西北地区为正距平区,东亚沿海为负距平区;温度距平场中冷空气活动的区域偏北,贝加尔湖至我国西北地区为正距平区.     

45 a来宁夏雷暴气候统计特征及趋势分析

 利用1961—2005年宁夏逐日雷暴资料,利用数理统计、小波分析等方法,揭示出了宁夏雷暴天气气候统计特征和演变趋势。结果表明,宁夏总体上属中雷区,年平均出现雷暴日为86.62 d,年际变化幅度大,多、少雷暴年均有7 a,雷暴日最多年为118 d,最少年为65 d;45 a来雷暴的发生有逐渐减少的趋势,并以3.072 d/10a的气候倾向率递减,且存在3~4 a的较短周期和8 a左右的较长周期振荡;雷暴多发生在3—10月,主要集中出现在夏季,尤以7月突出,有明显的季、月变化,冬季雷暴出现的概率非常低;初雷日平均出现在4月中旬,终雷日平均出现在9月中旬,全区平均雷暴初终日间日数为139 d左右;雷暴发生有明显的日变化特征,有双峰型和单峰型之分,集中出现在11:00—22:00时,其中,15:00时前后为雷暴发生高频时;雷暴的发生与地形、地势有密切关系。