宁夏固原市一次对流性天气的数值模拟

利用WRF模式和1°×1°的NCEP再分析资料,对2007年7月14日宁夏固原市发生的一次强对流天气进行了数值模拟,并分析了此次强对流天气的有利环流形势、物理量场分布以及雷达回波特征。结果表明:(1)WRF模拟的降水区较实况略偏东南,且降水量偏大;(2)WRF模拟的高层辐散和中低层辐合配置、"喇叭口"探空曲线与对流性降水区较为符合;(3)霰、雪是雨水形成的主要来源,云水又是雪和霰增长的主要来源;(4)云滴数浓度对对流云降水及水成物分布有重要的影响。增加云滴数浓度,前期可使对流云产生的累计降水量和范围均有减少,后期高浓度状况下存在大量冰相粒子,造成累计降水量及范围大于低、中浓度的降水;增加云滴数浓度,云水含量增加,前期雨水、冰晶、霰含量减少,后期雨水、冰晶、霰含量增多。     

高压输电线散射斑雷达像空间位置形成条件分析

TerraSAR雷达卫星条带模式影像中高压输电线产生亮度极高的散射斑点,利用湖北段1 000kV特高压输电线路的雷达影像和铁塔GPS坐标,研究了该区域150组输电线散射斑的形成条件和雷达像空间相对位置变化规律。研究表明,输电线的夹角、跨度和垂曲率是影响散射斑形成以及雷达像空间位置的主要因素。输电线散射斑产生于导线与卫星飞行方向的夹角±15°以内。当夹角由负到正变化时,其导线散射斑在雷达像空间的位置由北向南移动,但是其移动量与夹角变化不成正比。在夹角近似相同的情况下,导线跨度越大即其垂曲率越大,散射斑的位置越靠近导线垂直平分线。     

三维激光扫描用于获取开采沉陷盆地研究

针对常规地表观测站需要布设大量的测点,占用农田、测点保护困难等缺点,提出采用三维激光扫描获取开采沉陷盆地的新思路。研究三维激光扫描获取开采沉陷盆地的原理、数据处理步骤和方法,并选择了某矿工作面做一个实测案例研究。研究结果表明,该方法能达到较高的精度,具有工程应用价值。     

一个β中涡对双台风相互作用影响的物理过程

利用高分辨率f平面正压拟谱模式,分析一个β中尺度涡对双台风相互作用影响的物理过程。结果表明：β中涡的存在可以使原本排斥的两个DeMaria型台风涡旋合并;β中涡改变双台风相互作用终态的物理机制是：初始时段处于某一台风涡旋正影响区内的β中涡,构成了非对称涡度场,进而在该台风涡旋内部产生指向另一个台风涡旋的气流。该气流如果足够强,则会使两个台风的中心距离在短时间内下降到合并临界距离之内,触发双涡合并过程的发生。     

Experimental and computational study of trace element distribution between orthopyroxene and anhydrous silicate melt: substitution mechanisms and the effect of iron

Although orthopyroxene (Opx) is present during a wide range of magmatic differentiation processes in the terrestrial and lunar mantle, its effect on melt trace element contents is not well quantified. We present results of a combined experimental and computational study of trace element partitioning between Opx and anhydrous silicate melts. Experiments were performed in air at atmospheric pressure and temperatures ranging from 1,326 to 1,420°C in the system CaO–MgO–Al₂O₃–SiO₂ and subsystem CaO–MgO–SiO₂. We provide experimental partition coefficients for a wide range of trace elements (large ion lithophile: Li, Be, B, K, Rb, Sr, Cs, Ba, Th, U; rare earth elements, REE: La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Y, Yb, Lu; high field strength: Zr, Nb, Hf, Ta, Ti; transition metals: Sc, V, Cr, Co) for use in petrogenetic modelling. REE partition coefficients increase from $ D_{\text{La}}^{{\text{Opx}} {\hbox{-}} {\text{melt}}} \sim 0.0005 Although orthopyroxene (Opx) is present during a wide range of magmatic differentiation processes in the terrestrial and lunar mantle, its effect on melt trace element contents is not well quantified. We present results of a combined experimental and computational study of trace element partitioning between Opx and anhydrous silicate melts. Experiments were performed in air at atmospheric pressure and temperatures ranging from 1,326 to 1,420°C in the system CaO–MgO–Al₂O₃–SiO₂ and subsystem CaO–MgO–SiO₂. We provide experimental partition coefficients for a wide range of trace elements (large ion lithophile: Li, Be, B, K, Rb, Sr, Cs, Ba, Th, U; rare earth elements, REE: La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Y, Yb, Lu; high field strength: Zr, Nb, Hf, Ta, Ti; transition metals: Sc, V, Cr, Co) for use in petrogenetic modelling. REE partition coefficients increase from $ D_{\text{La}}^{{\text{Opx}} {\hbox{-}} {\text{melt}}} \sim 0.0005 $ D_{\text{La}}^{{\text{Opx}} {\hbox{-}} {\text{melt}}} \sim 0.0005 to $ D_{\text{Lu}}^{{{\text{Opx}} {\hbox{-}} {\text{melt}}}} \sim 0.109 $ D_{\text{Lu}}^{{{\text{Opx}} {\hbox{-}} {\text{melt}}}} \sim 0.109 , D values for highly charged elements vary from $ D_{\text{Th}}^{{{\text{Opx}} {\hbox{-}} {\text{melt}}}} \sim 0.0026 $ D_{\text{Th}}^{{{\text{Opx}} {\hbox{-}} {\text{melt}}}} \sim 0.0026 through $ D_{\text{Nb}}^{{{\text{Opx}} {\hbox{-}} {\text{melt}}}} \sim 0.0033 $ D_{\text{Nb}}^{{{\text{Opx}} {\hbox{-}} {\text{melt}}}} \sim 0.0033 and $ D_{\text{U}}^{{{\text{Opx}} {\hbox{-}} {\text{melt}}}} \sim 0.0066 $ D_{\text{U}}^{{{\text{Opx}} {\hbox{-}} {\text{melt}}}} \sim 0.0066 to $ D_{\text{Ti}}^{{\text{Opx}} {\hbox{-}} {\text{melt}}} \sim 0.058 $ D_{\text{Ti}}^{{\text{Opx}} {\hbox{-}} {\text{melt}}} \sim 0.058 , and are all virtually independent of temperature. Cr and Co are the only compatible trace elements at the studied conditions. To elucidate charge-balancing mechanisms for incorporation of REE into Opx and to assess the possible influence of Fe on Opx-melt partitioning, we compare our experimental results with computer simulations. In these simulations, we examine major and minor trace element incorporation into the end-members enstatite (Mg₂Si₂O₆) and ferrosilite (Fe₂Si₂O₆). Calculated solution energies show that R²⁺ cations are more soluble in Opx than R³⁺ cations of similar size, consistent with experimental partitioning data. In addition, simulations show charge balancing of R³⁺ cations by coupled substitution with Li⁺ on the M1 site that is energetically favoured over coupled substitution involving Al–Si exchange on the tetrahedrally coordinated site. We derived best-fit values for ideal ionic radii r ₀, maximum partition coefficients D ₀, and apparent Young’s moduli E for substitutions onto the Opx M1 and M2 sites. Experimental r ₀ values for R³⁺ substitutions are 0.66–0.67 ? for M1 and 0.82–0.87 ? for M2. Simulations for enstatite result in r ₀ = 0.71–0.73 ? for M1 and ~0.79–0.87 ? for M2. Ferrosilite r ₀ values are systematically larger by ~0.05 ? for both M1 and M2. The latter is opposite to experimental literature data, which appear to show a slight decrease in $ r_{0}^{{{\text{M}}2}} $ r_{0}^{{{\text{M}}2}} in the presence of Fe. Additional systematic studies in Fe-bearing systems are required to resolve this inconsistency and to develop predictive Opx-melt partitioning models for use in terrestrial and lunar magmatic differentiation models.     

会泽县娜姑镇银厂铅锌矿成矿条件及找矿方向研究

会泽娜姑镇银厂铅锌矿床是赋存于下寒武统筇竹寺组地层中的裂隙脉状铅锌矿床。本文从地层、岩相古地理、地质构造、岩浆作用等方面分析了该矿床的成矿条件,指出了该区具有在下寒武统筇竹寺组地层中寻找构造控制的沉积—改造—后成矿床的找矿方向,对该区铅锌矿找矿有指导意义。     

加密观测资料在北京2008年9月7日雷暴过程分析中的综合应用

利用多种加密观测资料,对2008年9月7日凌晨北京一次雷暴过程进行详细中尺度分析,研究其发生发展的物理机制。研究结果表明,强对流发生前,北京地区处于200 hPa急流轴右后部和850 hPa暖式切变南侧的西南气流里,加上地面暖湿空气输送使得大气不稳定能量积聚,这时只要有恰当的触发机制或系统,强对流就会发展起来;另外城市热岛效应形成的地面辐合线,以及地形辐合抬升后卷形成的边界层扰动,使得移入北京的对流系统再度发展成为强对流,造成北京城区强降水;此后,强对流系统地面高压前部的流出气流与山风相遇形成新的地面辐合线,从而诱发新的对流系统而造成北部强降水。     

开采沉陷动态预计程序及其应用

在概率积分法预计模型的基础上,提出了开采沉陷动态预计的实用算法,给出了下沉速度系数C的计算公式。编制的程序通用性好、实用。     

异性石中平面四配位Fe^2＋的穆斯堡尔谱研究

除硅铁钡矿之处，性石是迄今仅知的另一种含有平面四配位Ｆｅ＾２＋的矿物，异性石晶体样品为玫瑰色，透明，有油脂光泽，取自一花岗岩标本，异性石中平面四配位Ｆｅ＾２＋的穆斯堡尔参数：化学位移＝０．７８５（ｍｍ／ｓ）（相对天然铁），四极矩分裂＝０．４１９（ｍｍ／ｓ），明显地低于大多数硅酸矿物中的Ｆｅ＾２＋，但和硅铁钡矿的Ｆｅ＾２＋十分相近，本文对硅酸盐矿物Ｆｅ＾２＋的穆斯堡尔参数与配位数之间的关系做了讨论。     

岫玉的穆斯鲍尔谱、电子顺磁共振谱和红外光谱特征

本文采用X射线衍射、化学分析、穆斯鲍尔诺、EPR谱和红外光谱，对不同颜色的岫岩玉（岫玉）进行了测试。测试结果如下：绿色岫玉主要由叶蛇纹石组成，黄色岫玉由叶蛇纹石和利蛇纹石组成。穆斯鲍尔谱显示出Fe2＋和Fe3＋的两个双吸收特征。Fe2＋：化学位移为1．122mm／s，四极分裂为2.701～2.721mm／s，占据八面体位置；Fe3＋：化学位移为0．155～0.355mm／s，四极矩为0．337～0．470mm／s，占据四面体位置。电子顺磁共振谱显示出中心场0．336T附近，存在一个具有超精细结构的六重吸收，g≈2．0，与处于八面体上的高自旋Mn2＋有关。在低场区（0．16T附近），出现两个吸收线，g分别为4．29和3．88，与处于四面体位置的Fe3＋有关。红外光谱显示出与叶蛇纹石有关的OH－振动吸收带（3665～3670cm－1）；在3690～3680cm－1间显示出与利蛇纹石有关的吸收肩。1070，980cm－1出现Si－O振动吸收，另尚有5个吸收带（610，560，445，400，300cm－1）。随着绿色的加重和质量的提高，岫玉中Fe2＋和Mn2＋的浓度也增加。证实了岫玉的绿色与Fe2＋→Fe3＋的荷移有关，岫玉的黄色与O2－→Fe3＋荷移有关。