Predicting June Mean Rainfall in the Middle/Lower Yangtze River Basin

We demonstrate that there is significant skill in the GloSea5 operational seasonal forecasting system for predicting June mean rainfall in the middle/lower Yangtze River basin up to four months in advance. Much of the rainfall in this region during June is contributed by the mei-yu rain band. We find that similar skill exists for predicting the East Asian summer monsoon index(EASMI) on monthly time scales, and that the latter could be used as a proxy to predict the regional rainfall. However, th...     

ADULT DRAGONFLY COMMUNITIES IN TROPICAL RIVERS OF THE NORTHERN PENINSULAR MALAYSIA： SPECIES COMPOSITION, BIOTOPE AND HOST PLANT PREFERRENCES

1INTRODUCTION Manyfactorshavebeenlinkedwithobserved patternsofodonatediversity.Eachhabitatisdifferent andpresentsitsownopportunitiesforexploitationby welladaptedspecies(Krebs,1989).Theyaresensi tiveresponderstonewlycreatedphysicalandtogether withphysiogra…     

白云鄂博REE-Nb-Fe矿床成因的氧、碳和锶同位素及微量元素地球化学证据

根据白云鄂博赋矿白云石大理岩的岩石学特征及地质产状将其分为两类：粗粒和细粒白云石大理岩．它们的氧、碳和锶同位素及微量元素地球化学特征显然有别于分布在宽沟背斜以北典型的沉积石灰岩和白云岩,而和幢源火成碳酸岩十分相似．与矿床进行对比研究说明,成矿流体和矿质主要起源于碳酸岩浆的分异作用,其放射性成因同位素和微量元素保持了地但指纹,而氧和碳同位素组成却向壳源方向漂移,证实碳酸岩浆侵位过程中受大陆地壳的混染作用非常微弱,但是由碳酸岩浆活动所引起的成矿热液体系中却有一定的地表水混人认为白云鄂博REE-Nb-Fe超大型矿床的成因应归属于火成碳酸岩型矿床．     

快速分析法及其研究方向

在過去西西伯利亞地質局中心試驗室的第五次方法討論會上就提出了擬定新的和改進舊有的快速化學分析法,現在又重擬定和審查了下列快速法。鍚 應用碘量法滴定二价的錫來測定鍚。銅、钼、砷或锑量的含量低於0.5～1％時,不干擾測定。鎢的含量大於4～5％時,它就要析出來,或者呈膠凝體狀態而和矽酸在一起,或者為金属鋁還原到低價氧化物。試樣用過氧化鈉或者用氫氧化鈉和金屬鈉熔融,該法經極譜法驗證得出十分滿意的分析結果。 銅 早在1952年我們就擬定了用在實驗室中測定銅的焦磷酸塊—碘量法分析過程与氟—碘塊基性醋酸塊測定銅的方法相似,但氟化銨為焦磷酸鈉所代替,銅的滴定則在滲液的PH為3～3.5時進行之。     

Bioaccumulation of nitroarenes in bivalves at Osaka Bay, Japan

This paper reports for the first time the detection and occurrence of nitroarenes (NPAHs) in marine organisms. Mussels and oysters collected from Osaka Bay, Japan, had total NPAHs concentrations that ranged from 2380 to 24,688 pg/g dry and 2672 to 25,961 pg/g dry, respectively. Relatively higher concentrations were detected in sampling sites located near the central district and suburbs of Osaka City implying that the most probable sources of NPAHs in the two bivalves are exhaust gases and smokes emitted by automobiles and industrial plants. Bivalves had relatively higher residues of 1-nitronaphthalene, 2-nitronaphthalene, 3-nitrophenanthrene, and 9-nitrophenanthrenes. Residues of 2-nitrofluorene, 1-nitropyrene, 4-nitropyrenes, and 6-nitrochrysene were much lower compared to nitronaphthalenes and nitrophenanthrenes. Inter-species differences was only observed for 2-nitronaphthalene with oysters exhibiting significantly higher residues than mussels.     

平流层全球环流12层模式的数值模拟试验——地形的动力效应和大陆度的热力影响部分

为了对平流层大气环流的地形影响的作用进行分析,我们作了一个12层全球环流NCAR(美国国家大气研究中心)模式进行数值试验来模拟有山和无山情况下的1月份气候形势,模式中的大气顶为36公里,采用球坐标,水平网格的经距和纬距取5°,垂直格距取3公里。这个模式包括了许多物理因子:太阳辐射和大地辐射,地面和行星边界层,对流层中大尺度降水和云,地面和冰雪面的温度,对流调整,次网格尺度的热量、水汽和动量的输送。地面的大陆度:在有山的情况下由洋面温度与真实地形来确定,在无山的情况下由洋面温度与地平面高度来确定。我们规定按太阳偏角、海面温度以及臭氧随纬度—高度的分布来模拟1月份平均情况。试验中不考虑光化过程。1月份(有山和无山)两种模拟情况的差异是用大气状态变量的地理分布以及纬向平均的气候统计结果来进行分析的。结果发现平流层中在考虑了山的情况下,在增强行星波动能量的铅直输送的方面有明显的差异(尤其是波数1)。在冬季,平流层中,阿留申地区上空半永久性的反气旋仅在有山的情况下才能模拟出来。这表明地形对于平流层大气环流的影响是很大的。另外还详细研究了热带平流层中各种波型铅直传播的特点。有两种波型是一样的;即以5天左右为周期的混合型罗斯贝—重力波和以15天左右为周期的开尔文波。这些波动随高度的倾斜和观测事实是十分一致的,这表明了在模式中热带平流层的波动能量的铅直输送也是向上的。关于在平流层中动量平衡和能量学的详细分析将在第二部分描述。     

晚更新世黄土堆积物中的10Be记录

给出西峰黄土剖面0.15Ma以来¹⁰Be浓度、CaCO₃含量、粒度分布和有机质含量曲线。通过与深海沉积物δ¹⁸O曲线拟合,建立了西峰黄土剖面¹⁰Be时标,并与洛川黄土剖面¹⁰Be记录进行了对比研究。进一步计算了黄土堆积速率及¹⁰Be沉降量。     

2004年9月28日加州帕克菲尔德M6．0级地震的初步报告

引言 2004年9月28日17时15分14秒(协调世界时)加州中部帕克菲尔德发生了一次 Mw6．0级地震。震中位于圣安德烈斯断层靠近戈尔德希尔附近的帕克菲尔德镇东南 11 km的地方(图1)。加州综合地震台网 (CISN)报告说,震源位于北纬35．819°,西经120．364°的8．8 km深的地下。根据余震的分布状况以及此次地震的地震图、应变变     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987114001601

Data from a migmatised metapelite raft enclosed within charnockite provide quantitative constraints on the pressure-temperature-time[P-T-t) evolution of the Nagercoil Block at the southernmost tip of peninsular India.An inferred peak metamorphic assemblage of garnet,K-feldspar.sillimanite,plagioclase,magnetite,ilmenite,spinel and melt is consistent with peak metamorphic pressures of 6-8 kbar and temperatures in excess of 900℃.Subsequent growth of cordierite and biotite record high-temperature retrograde decompression to around 5 kbar and 800 C.SHRIMP U-Pb dating of magmatic zircon cores suggests that the sedimentary protoliths were in part derived from felsic igneous rocks with Palaeoproterozoic crystallisation ages.New growth of metamorphic zircon on the rims of detrital grains constrains the onset of melt crystallisation,and the minimum age of the metamorphic peak,to around560 Ma.The data suggest two stages of monazite growth.The first generation of REE-enriched monazite grew during partial melting along the prograde path at around 570 Ma via the incongruent breakdown of apatite.Relatively REE-depleted rims,which have a pronounced negative europium anomaly,grew during melt crystallisation along the retrograde path at around 535 Ma.Our data show the rocks remained at suprasolidus temperatures for at least 35 million years and probably much longer,supporting a long-lived high-grade metamorphic history.The metamorphic conditions,timing and duration of the implied clockwise P-T-t path are similar to that previously established for other regions in peninsular India during the Ediacaran to Cambrian assembly of that part of the Gondwanan supercontinent.     

中国南京与美国德克萨斯稻田甲烷排放的比较

Field measurements of methane emission from rice paddies were made in Nanjing, China and in Texas, USA, respectively. Soil temperature at approximately 10 cm depth of the flooded soils was automatically recorded. Aboveground biomass of rice crop was measured approximately every 10 days in Nanjing and every other week in Texas. Seasonal variation of soil temperature in Nanjing was quite wide with a magnitude of 15.3℃ and that in Texas was narrow with a magnitude of 2.9℃. Analysis of methane emission fluxes against soil temperature and rice biomass production demonstrated that the seasonal course of methane emission in Nanjing was mostly attributed to soil temperature changes, while that in Texas was mainly related to rice biomass production. We concluded that under the permanent flooding condition, the seasonal trend of methane emission would be determined by the soil temperature where there was a wide variation of soil temperature, and the seasonal trend would be mainly determined by rice biomass production if there are no additional organic matter inputs and the variation of soil temperature over the rice growing season is small.