The relationship between the concentrations and distribution of organic pollutants and black carbon content in benthic sediments in the Gulf of Gdańsk, Baltic Sea

The influence of the sediment’s physico-chemical properties and black carbon content, on the distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls in benthic sediments of the Gulf of Gdansk (Baltic Sea) was determined. Sediments from port, marine dump site of dredged spoils, the Vistula river mouth, Gdansk Deep were selected.The concentrations of ∑PAHs (fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo(a)anthracene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, benzo(a)pyrene, dibenzo(ah)anthracene, benzo(ghi)perylene) were 294-2200 ng/g d.w. and for ∑PCBs (28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153, 180) were 2.4-11.3 ng/g d.w.The sediments content of loss on ignition was 1.13-16.15%, total organic carbon was 0.89-7.15%, black carbon was 0.20-1.15%. The highest correlation coefficient values (r = 0.76-0.92, p < 0.05) for a relationship between the concentrations of organic pollutants, and organic matter, organic and black carbon contents were obtained in harbor sediments with low content of organic matter (<5%) and high share of black carbon in total carbon (up to 40%).     

Environmental response to sewage treatment strategies: Hong Kong's experience in long term water quality monitoring

In many coastal cities around the world, marine outfalls are used for disposal of partially treated wastewater effluent. The combined use of land-based treatment and marine discharge can be a cost-effective and environmentally acceptable sewage strategy. Before 2001, screened sewage was discharged into Victoria Harbour through many small outfalls. After 2001, the Hong Kong Harbour Area Treatment Scheme (HATS) was implemented to improve the water quality in Victoria Harbour and surrounding waters. Stage I of HATS involved the construction of a 24 km long deep tunnel sewerage system to collect sewage from the densely populated urban areas of Hong Kong to a centralized sewage treatment plant at Stonecutters Island. A sewage flow of 1.4 million m³ d⁻¹ receives Chemically Enhanced Primary Treatment (CEPT) followed by discharge via a 1.2 km long outfall 2 km west of the harbor. The ecosystem recovery in Victoria Harbour and the environmental response to sewage abatement after the implementation of HATS was studied using a 21-year data set from long term monthly water quality monitoring. Overall, the pollution control scheme has achieved the intended objectives. The sewage abatement has resulted in improved water quality in terms of a significant reduction in nutrients and an increase in bottom DO levels. Furthermore, due to the efficient tidal mixing and flushing, the impact of the HATS discharge on water quality in the vicinity of the outfall location is relatively limited. However, Chl a concentrations have not been reduced in Victoria Harbour where algal growth is limited by hydrodynamic mixing and water clarity rather than nutrient concentrations. Phosphorus removal in the summer is suggested to reduce the risk of algal blooms in the more weakly-flushed and stratified southern waters, while nutrient removal is less important in other seasons due to the pronounced role played by hydrodynamic mixing. The need for disinfection of the effluent to reduce bacterial (E. coli) concentrations to acceptable levels is also confirmed and has recently been implemented.     

钻孔千斤顶压裂测量技术的发展和原地测量

为了测量距地表1 000 m以下位置的地壳应力状态,我们研究并开发了钻孔千斤顶压裂技术.技术的原理是:当钻孔千斤顶对钻孔壁加载时,与钻孔轴向平行的方向将会产生两个相对的新裂隙;卸载之后,如果千斤顶对钻孔壁的同一个地方进行施压,这对裂隙将会再次张开.与钻孔轴向垂直的平面上的两个主应力的大小和方向分别是由重张压力和裂隙的方...     

基于钻孔截面变形方法(CBDM)测量岩石应力变化

本文发展了一种基于钻孔技术来监测岩石应力变化的钻孔截面变形法(CB-DM),该方法可以用来测量垂直于钻孔轴线的岩体的二维应力状态变化.本文通过载有激光位移传感器的样机,对该方法进行详细介绍,理论上分析测量结果的影响因子,证明该方法能够有效估测岩体的应力变化.     

First Evidence of Lamprophyric Magmatism from the Konya Region,Turkey: a Genetic Link to High-K Volcanism

In the vicinity of Konya （Turkey）,mafic,micro-porphyritic sub-volcanic rocks intrude into the Mesozoic units,which represents the only example of such a rock type in the region.40Ar/39Ar dating of two whole rock samples from the sub-volcanics gave ages of 13.72±0.13 and 12.40±0.11 Ma,suggesting temporal association to the Late Miocene-Pliocene high-K calc-alkaline volcanism in the region.The mineral chemistry and geochemical data permit us to classify the rocks as ＂minette＂ lamprophyres.They include diopside and phlogopite phenocrysts in a microcrystalline groundmass composed of sanidine,phlogopite,diopside and titano-magnetite.Segregation and ocelli-like globular structures occur commonly in the samples.In terms of major elements,the lamprophyres are calcalkaline,and potassic to ultrapotassic rocks.All the lamprophyres display strong enrichments in LILE （Rb,Ba,K,Sr）,radiogenic elements （Th,U） and LREE （La,Ce） and prominent negative Nb,Ta,and Ti anomalies on primordial mantle-normalized trace element diagrams.Geochemical data suggest that the lamprophyres and high-K calc-alkaline rocks in the region derived from a subduction-modified lithospheric mantle source affected by different metasomatic events.Lamprophyric magmatism sourced phlogopite-bearing veins generated by sediment-related metasomatism via subduction,but high-K calc-alkaline magmas are possibly derived from a mantle source affected by fluid-rich metasomatism.     

The impact of topography on social factors,a case study of Montenegro

Relationships between environmental and social factors have long been studied by geographers.Nowadays,GIS-aided statistical analysis provides new tools to explore these relationships.In order to detect the impact of topography on social factors,we selected the country of Montenegro as a case example due to its high topographic variability.We compared the spatial pattern of population,settlements and ethnic minorities to physical geographic factors,especially to topography,but lithology and land cover data were also taken into consideration.We found that certain factors are closely correlated,e.g.the settlement density linearly decreases with elevation,while the characteristic settlement area shows an exponential increase upwards.The population density is not related to absolute elevation,but it is in close correlation with height（i.e.elevation relative to the local minimum）.Population change and illiteracy are also topography-related social factors.On the contrary,the variable ethnic pattern of Montenegro is influenced by historical,political and economic effects rather than by environmental factors or topographic features.As a conclusion we state that in the scale of a country or a region,the environment can strongly impact some social factors.     

Seasonal variation of Caligus rotundigenitalis infestation on the host fish Etroplus suratensis from the Cochin Backwaters,southwest coast of India

Investigation of four edible fishes(Etroplus suratensis, Oreochromis mossambicus, Lates calcarifer, Chanos chanos)collected from a fish landing center along Cochin Backwaters has done for caligid infestation. Of these, caligids were detected only from Etroplus suratensis and was identified to be Caligus rotundigenitalis. Parasites were attached to the inner side of operculum of host which indicates strong site preference. The annual observation of prevalence, mean intensity and abundance were fo...     

Closure to ＂Discussion on ＇Optimum placement and characteristics of velocity-dependent dampers under seismic excitation＇ by SA Mousavi and AK Ghorbani-Tanha＂ by Izuru Takewaki

The authors would like to thank the discusser for his considerations and comments. The discusser believes that some of the derived formulations need to be referred to his previously published works and also some related studies have not been cited.     

2008年3月4日台湾东北部两次TAIGER爆破记录的地面旋转和平移运动

2008年3月4日在台湾东北部的N3爆破点实施了两次爆破。第一次3000kg炸药的爆破编号为N3P,第二次750kg炸药的爆破编号为N3。为了记录这两次爆破,我们使用了8个三轴旋转传感器、13个三轴加速度计以及12个装有全球定位系统接收器的6通道24位数据记录仪在爆破前后几小时进行连续观测。这些仪器安装在距离爆破点250m(1个台)、500m(11个台)、600m(1个台)的地方,其中距离爆破点500m的11个台站形成了台站间距约为5m的中心台阵。除一个旋转传感器外,都得到了量程内的记录。尽管N3P爆破使用的炸药是N3爆破的4倍,但是13个台站记录的N3P爆破的平移加速度和旋转速度的峰值却只有N3爆破的1.5倍。在台站间距大约5m的中心台阵的记录中,我们还发现平移加速度和旋转速度变化很大(百分之几十)。N3P和N3爆破的最大峰值旋转速度分别为2.74mrad/s和1.75mrad/s。本文的主要目的是报告台湾这两次爆破的旋转和平移运动记录,并在网上发布以开放访问。Langston等(2009)已经对本次试验的平移加速度数据进行了分析,我们计划未来发表一篇关于分析旋转速度数据的文章。