南极及周边海域的地震活动性

根据国际地震中心(ISC)编修的1964~2002年期间的数据评估了南极及周边海域的地震活动性。几十年来,南极大陆及周边海域被认为是全球的无震区之一。然而,在全球地震台网及区域地震台阵建成之后,在南极大陆及其周边区域监测到了许多构造地震。南极及周边区域可以分为13个地震区,其中3个在陆区,另外10个在海区。威尔克斯地是南极大陆最活跃的区域,在这里监测并定位到了几次小震。在南极周边海域中,120°~60°W扇形区域的地震活动性比别的海区强3倍。这可能主要是应力向南极板块、太平洋板块和纳兹卡次板块形成的复活节岛三重交汇区集中引起的。迪塞普申岛、埃里伯斯山、墨尔本山这3座火山区也是地震活跃区。     

南海东北陆缘过渡性地壳的地震成像

根据2001年8月台湾和中国大陆合作开展的深部地震调查,给出了横跨南海(SCS)东北部被动大陆缘的地壳构造。将一条NW-SE向剖面上的48道地震反射数据和11台海底地震仪的反射和折射的垂直分量数据整合在一起,依次得到了沉积层上部(1.6~2.4km/s)、下部(2.5~2.9km/s)、压实层(3~4.5km/s)以及结晶地壳上部(4.5~5.5km/s)、中部(5.5~6.5km/s)和下部(6.5~7.5km/s)的成像。速度模型表明,压实沉积物的厚度(0.5~3km)和基底变化很大,这是由于南海海底扩张以后的岩浆入侵和火成岩活动导致的。更进一步从模型中识别出,在南海东北部边缘下陆坡之下的洋陆过渡带(OCT)的上/中地壳(7~10km厚)存在一些火山和火成岩,下地壳下面存在高速层(0~5km厚)。还得到了南海东北部陆缘洋陆过渡带的西北为薄陆壳、东南为厚洋壳的影像。但是这些过渡性地壳不能归类为洋陆过渡带,这是由于它们的地壳厚度、有限的火山、岩浆体和高速层所决定的。紧邻重力低区和从台西南海盆延伸而来的沉陷带的陆壳拉伸可能是欧亚板块向马尼拉海沟下插的结果,而厚洋壳的形成则是由于南海海底扩张之后洋壳中过度的火山活...     

Medium Range Prediction of Summer Monsoon Activities over India vis-a-vis Their Correspondence with the Observational Features

１．ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅｉｎｉｔｉａｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅｃｒｏｓｅｑｕａｔｏｒｉａｌｆｌｏｗｏｆｔｈｅＳｏｍａｌｉａｃｏａｓｔｄｕｒｉｎｇＭａｙｉｎｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｅｔｏｔｈｅｈｅａｔｉｎｇｏｖｅｒｔｈｅＳｏｕｔｈＡｓｉａｎｃｏｎｔｉｎｅｎｔｍ...     

风成沉积石英绿光释光测年的单片技术

运用再生法进行单片技术测年所面临的主要问题是感量变化。论文探讨了石英绿光释光测年中对感量变化进行校正的方法,然后运用单片技术对沙漠黄土边界带风成沉积沙样进行等效剂量测定。结果表明,单片技术是石英绿光释光测年的理想手段。     

东沙群岛海区晚新生代构造特征及其对弧-陆碰撞的响应

东沙群岛及其邻近海区(简称东沙海区)位于南海北部大陆边缘,东邻马尼拉俯冲构造带。为了讨论晚新生代以来东沙海区的构造变形特征,从中找出吕宋弧对中国东南大陆边缘碰撞的构造相关,特别是8Ma以来的吕宋岛弧和中国大陆边缘之间构造消减过程的响应。根据地震地层学分析,结合区域重磁资料、ODP184钻孔资料对东沙群岛海区晚新生代构造特征进行了分析。东沙海区自南海扩张后发育了3个沉积层序(层序Ⅴ,Ⅵ,Ⅶ),经历了较强烈的构造抬升作用、岩浆活动、沉积物剥蚀。该区发育NEE-SWW和NW-SE向两组断裂,且以NEE-SWW向断裂最为发育。断裂大多具有多次活动,且为上新世到第四纪的活动断裂构造,断块抬升幅度大,沿断裂带发生岩浆侵入。分析结果表明,晚新生代期间经历了二次重要的构造运动,即东沙运动(9．8-4．4Ma)和流花运动(1．89-1．4Ma),奠定了该区的构造格局。综合该区东强西弱构造变形、构造抬升发生的时间和应力场变化等特征看,该区受8Ma以来中国东部大陆边缘与吕宋岛弧碰撞所产生的构造运动的影响,在8Ma以前,由于台湾岛不存在,活动的古东海大陆边缘延伸至东沙群岛海区东北部。     

Differential gene expression in the brain of Sebastiscus marmoratus in response to exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)

Effects of exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) on Sebastiscus marmoratus were investigated using a suppression subtractive hybridization method. A total of 108 gene sequences were identified as having the potential for being differentially expressed, and 45 could be identified with homologous database sequences. Functions with which they were associated included long-term potentiation and neurotransmitter release, neuroendocrine, mitosis and cell proliferation, energy-related metabolism, general metabolism, signal protein, hemopoiesis system, immune system, and structure. The expression of 17 of these genes was analyzed in the brain using real time fluorescent quantitative PCR. The present study provided a basis for studying the response of fish to PCB exposure and allowed the characterization of new potential neurotoxicol biomarkers of PCB contamination in seawater.     

The assessment of vitellogenin as a biomarker of exposure to estrogenic compounds in two Australian perciformes

Vitellogenin (Vtg) is a yolk protein precursor that has been identified as a sensitive biomarker for exposure to estrogenic compounds. We evaluated specific monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies for reactivity with plasma Vtg from two Australian Perciformes, the tropical barramundi (Lates calcarifer) and the temperate black bream (Acanthopagrus butcheri). Blood plasma from 17beta-estradiol exposed (E2) male barramundi (20 mg kg(-1)) and male black bream (2.5-5.0 mg kg(-1)) were sent to Biosense Laboratories (Norway) for cross-reactivity testing using their extensive anti-Vtg antibody selection. Indirect ELISA results determined barramundi plasma displayed the highest binding affinities to ND-3G2 (monoclonal-Mab) and PO-1 (polyclonal-Pab). Black bream was most cross-reactive with ND-1C8 (Mab) and PO-2 (Pab). Next, plasma was assessed for Vtg induction in E2-dosed (5 mg kg(-1)), hatchery-reared barramundi and black bream versus a non-injected control group. Vtg production was assessed by Western blot and indirect ELISA using ND-3G2 and ND-1C8 Mabs, respectively. A prominent band was identified in the range of 100-200 kDa for all female black bream and for all E2-treated barramundi and black bream males, which was confirmed as Vtg by Western blot. Indirect ELISA results for barramundi demonstrated highly significant differences in E2-dosed fish as compared to control fish (Student t, P<0.001). E2 male black bream were significantly different than control males (Student t, P<0.001) and control and E2 females displayed highly significant differences (Student t, P<0.001). These results indicate that exposure to 17beta-estradiol induces significant Vtg production in males of the two Australian Perciformes, with potential use as a biomarker for exposure to estrogenic compounds.     

Sonophotocatalysis of endocrine-disrupting chemicals

Sonolysis and photolysis often exhibit synergistic effects in the degradation of organic molecules. An assay of fish oocyte maturation provides an appropriate experimental system to investigate the hormonal activities of chemical agents. Oocyte maturation in fish is triggered by maturation-inducing hormone (MIH), which acts on receptors on the oocyte surface. A synthetic estrogen, diethylstilbestrol (DES), possesses inducing activity of fish oocyte maturation, and a widely used biocide, pentachlorophenol (PCP), exhibits a potent inhibitory effect on fish oocyte maturation. In this study, the effects of the combined treatment by sonolysis with photolysis (sonophotocatalysis) to diminish the hormonal activity of DES and the maturation preventing activity of PCP was examined. By sonophotocatalysis, hormonal activity of DES was completely lost within 30min and the inhibiting activity of PCP was lost within 120min. These results demonstrated that sonophotocatalysis is effective for diminishing the endocrine-disrupting activity of chemical agents.     

H2 PRODUCTION BY ANABAENA VARIABILIS MUTANT IN COMPUTER CONTROLLED TWO-STAGE AIR-LIFT TUBULAR PHOTOBIOREACTOR

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