Anthropogenic Pressure on Structure and Composition of a Shola Forest in Kerala, India

Introduction Tropical region is endowed with a vast tract of diverse vegetation (Gentry 1992). Among different types of forests, the montane forests, due to their unique features including rich biodiversity andprominent ecological services, have always attracted biologists, bio-geographers, ecologists and forest managers (Doumenge et al. 1995). In India, montane forests covering 7.9 % of total forest area occur in the Himalayan, northeastern and southern parts of the country (Lal 1989). In s…     

模拟退火法反演远震P波波速慢度及方位数据求解长谷破火山口地壳速度结构

模拟退火法系一种非线性整体搜索算法,本文用以反演远震P波波速慢度和方位数据,求解地壳速度结构。综合试验表明,用模拟退火法能够以合理的精度确定P波低速带的空间位置,并能使近70％的目标速度扰动得以再现。实验表明,用少至两个台站的资料便可得到明显的结果。对长谷火山口的射线方向数据的反演发现,在8km深的再生穹丘构造以下存在一个不对称的低速带,相对背景波速有-25％的变动。这一低速带向东南延伸,深度至少达24km,其波速变动约为-10％。这些特征基本与远震走对的反演结果以及射线方向的正演模拟结果相一致,可能与长谷破火山口残余的岩浆房有关。     

Some Experiments with Multivariate Objective Analysis Scheme of Heights and Winds Using Optimum Interpolation

A two-dimensional, multitvariate objective analysis scheme for simultaneous analysis of geopotential height and wind fields has been developed over Indian and adjoining region for use in numerical weather prediction. The height-height correlations calculated using daily data of four July months (1976-1979), are used to derive the other autocorrelations and cross-correlations assuming geostropic relationship. A Gaussian function is used to model the autocorrelation function. Since the scheme is multivariate the regression coefficients (weights) are matrix.Near the equator, the geostrophic approximation relating mass and wind is decoupled in a way similar to Bergman (1979). The objective analyses were made over Indian and adjoining region for 850, 700, 500, 300 and 200 hPa levels for the period from 4 July to 8 July 1979, 12 GMT. The analyses obtained using multivariate optimum interpolation scheme depict the synoptic situations satisfactorily. The analyses were also compared with the FGGE analyses (from     

Surface Pressure and Summer Monsoon Rainfall over India

The relationship between the all-India summer monsoon rainfall and surface pressure over the Indian region has been examined to obtain a useful predictor for the monsoon rainfall. The data series of all-India monsoon rainfall and the mean pressures of three seasons before and after the monsoon season as well as the winter-to-spring pressure tendency (MAM-DJF) at 100 stations for the period 1951-1980 have been used in the analysis.The all-India monsoon rainfall is negatively correlated with the pressure of the spring (MAM) season preceding the monsoon and winter-to-spring seasonal difference as pressure tendency (MAM-DJF), at almost all the stations in India, and significantly with the pressures over central and northwestern regions. The average mean sea level pressure of six stations (Jodhpur, Ahmedabed, Bombay, Indore, Sagar and Akola) in the Western Central Indian (WCI) region showed highly significant (at 1% level) and consistent CCs of-0.63 for MAM and -0.56 for MAM-DJF for the period 1951 - 1980. T