A nonstationary parameter model for the sandstone creep tests

The rock masses of hydro-fluctuation belt experience seepage pressure following impoundment in the Three Gorges Reservoir; its creep behaviors are significant for reservoir bank slopes. To study the creep behaviors under seepage pressure (0, 1.45, and 1.75 MPa), we performed creep tests using representative landslide sandstone in the Three Gorges Reservoir and investigated the sandstone creep behaviors under the coupling effects of seepage pressure and stress. Previous researches on rocks have usually regarded the creep constitutive parameter as a constant; however, in this study, a nonlinear, nonstationary, plastic-viscous (NNPV) creep model which can describe the curve of sandstone creep tests is proposed. The rock-creep parameters under three levels of seepage pressure were identified, and theoretical curves using the NNPV model agreed well with the experimental data, indicating that the new model cannot only describe the primary creep and secondary creep stages under varying seepage pressures but also, in particular, perfectly describes the tertiary creep stage. Finally, the sensitivity of the NNPV model parameters is analyzed, and the result shows that the nonstationary coefficient α and the nonlinear coefficient m are main parameters affecting the tertiary creep stage.     

造山带中增生楔识别与地质意义

增生楔主要由海沟复理石、远洋—半远洋沉积和洋岛/海山等大洋板块地层岩石及蛇绿岩共同构成,是汇聚板块边缘古俯冲带构造—沉积作用的综合产物,以发育叠瓦状逆冲断层、双冲断层和紧闭—倒转褶皱,以及片理、碎裂构造、小型褶皱、膝折等不同尺度的构造为特征。增生楔组成包括连续单元和混杂岩两部分,严格受滑脱面位置控制。增生楔是增生型造山带最基本大地构造相,它与弧前盆地、岛弧/大陆边缘弧的时空配置关系可直接指示大洋板块俯冲极性、揭示洋盆演化与造山作用方式。准确识别增生楔,详细解剖其结构特征与组成特征,综合判别并恢复大洋板块地层,可为古板块边界与古大洋盆地消亡位置确定、造山带结构精细划分及造山作用过程重建提供基本依据。大比例尺地质填图是研究增生楔结构和组成、以及大洋板块地层重建的有效手段。以南祁连拉脊山石灰窑增生楔为例,地质填图结果表明它是由中寒武世—早奥陶世洋壳物质构成,自北而南依次可分为海沟—大洋盆地—海山OPS和六道沟SSZ型蛇绿岩,被南倾逆冲断层分割成多个岩片。海沟—大洋盆地OPS岩片基本保留完整地层序列,海山OPS岩片包括连续单元和混杂岩两部分。顶帽山增生楔主要由海山OPS构成,内部结构层序相对完好,是南祁连构造带中保留最为完整、规模最大的海山OPS岩石组合序列。上述不同类型OPS片段和六道沟SSZ型蛇绿岩组成的增生楔与其南侧岛弧带同时代。增生楔—岩浆弧的时空配置暗示寒武纪—早奥陶世时期原特提斯洋自北向南俯冲极性。这些认识为南祁连早古生代火山—岩浆—沉积构造演化以及是否存在古洋盆与古洋盆演化重建提供基本佐证。     

基于Hilbert-Huang 变换的大地电磁去噪研究

大地电磁信号易受噪声干扰产生近场效应,严重影响采集的信号质量。现阶段使用较为广泛的远参考-robust方法在压制近场干扰方面还有所不足。本文在使用数值模拟验证希尔伯特-黄变换(HHT)对噪声的压制效果后,将其用于处理一个近场干扰较严重的大地电磁信号,得到了较为显著的效果;同时,使用极化方向的分布函数计算电场和磁场的极化分布,也发现分布函数的高斯性得到了修复,从另一个角度验证了HHT在压制近场干扰方面的有效性。     

Land degradation in the source region of the Yellow River, northeast Qinghai-Xizang Plateau: classification and evaluation

Land degradation imposes a great threat to the world. It is not merely an environmental issue, but also a social and economic problem. Land desertification is among the main aspects of environment changes in the source region of the Yellow River. Previous studies focused on water resource utilization and soil erosion, but land degradation in the source region of the Yellow River even the whole Qinghai-Xizang Plateau received little attention. Based on the data obtained by field investigation and TM satellite images of 2000, this study provides the classification and evaluation information of the land degradation in the source region of the Yellow River. There are six types of land degradation in this region: water erosion in the northern mountains around the Gonghe Basin, sandy desertification in the Gonghe Basin and Upland Plain Area, aridization in the lower reaches, salinization in the Gonghe Basin, vegetation degradation in the intramontance basin and freezing and thawing erosion in the high mountains. The total degraded area is 34,429.6 km², making up 37.5% of the land in the study area. Finally, land degradation in the source region of the Yellow River was evaluated according to changes in the physical structure and chemical component of soils, land productivity, secondary soil salt and water conditions.     

Kübler Index and K-Ar Ages of Illite in the Yinshan Polymetallic Deposit, Jiangxi Province, South China: Analyses and Implications

Abstract. The Yinshan polymetallic deposit is a hydrothermal vein-type deposit closely related to Late Jurassic felsic-inter-mediate volcanic-subvolcanic activity in Jiangxi Province, South China. Illite is a major alteration mineral observed in the deposit. Our study shows that the Kübler index of the illite has a close relation to ore-forming fluids of different stages of hydrothermal alteration and mineralization. The early Pb-Zn-Ag mineralization dated at 130–136 Ma is characterized by relatively low water/rock ratios and diffusive fluid movement within phyllite, whereas the later Cu-Au-S mineralization at 122 -125 Ma was accompanied by higher water/rock ratios and localized fluid flow through fractures and channels. Illite formed in the early Pb-Zn-Ag mineralization stage contains swelling layers while the illite formed in the later Cu-Au-S mineralization stage has no swelling layers but was associated with intensive chloritization. The last stage of mineralization (at 104 Ma) was minor and did not produce significant amounts of illite.     

云南金顶异极矿晶体化学特征与颜色成因探讨

为研究云南金顶铅锌矿床中异极矿谱学特征和颜色成因,利用湿法化学全分析、振动光谱仪、X光粉晶衍射仪和电子探针对5组异极矿样品谱学特征和化学成份进行研究。湿法化学全分析得出了异极矿的化学成份,成份中出现了可能致色的铜、铁和镍元素;X光粉晶衍射和振动光谱分析得出异极矿晶胞参数和特征谱线表明样品蓝色和白色环带均为异极矿,5组样品的平均晶胞参数为：a=0．8372nm,b=1．0702nm,c=0．5116nm;红外光谱测试中获得了未见报道的452cm。以下异极矿晶体结构吸收峰,同时分析了异极矿中的结构水、结晶水吸收谱带;对红外光谱和拉曼光谱中的各吸收谱带和特征峰进行了归属。通过电子探针、红外光谱、拉曼光谱测试和分析认为异极矿的蓝色与Cu^2＋的类质同像替代有关,白色异极矿不含铜元素,白色和蓝色异极矿结构相似,异极矿玻璃光泽和土状光泽与其含有较多的结晶水有关。     

Field test research on post-grouting effect for super-long cast-in-place bored pile in thick soft foundation

Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - The field static load test method was adopted for two test piles in a project in Zhejiang area of China, analyze the effect of post-grouting technique on...     

Compression behavior of MICP-treated sand with various gradations

Acta Geotechnica - One-dimensional compression tests on quartz sands treated by microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) were carried out to evaluate the effects of gradation and calcium...     

Mechanical behavior and micro-structure of cement kiln dust-stabilized expensive soil

In this study, the effects of cement kiln dust (CKD) on the swelling properties, strength properties, and microstructures of CKD-stabilized expansive soil were investigated. Samples were prepared and stabilized with different CKD content ratios, ranging from 0 to 18% by dry mass. The results obtained show that the maximum swelling pressures decrease exponentially with increases in CKD content. Both the cohesion and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) increase at ratios below 10% CKD and then decrease slightly, above that ratio. CKD can also improve the strength of saturated, expansive soil. There is no visible change of UCS for soil without CKD when cured, while the UCS of a sample with 10% CKD content after curing for 90 days is higher than that after curing for only 1 day. This indicates that CKD can improve the long-term strength of expansive soil. Finally, microstructure analysis reveals that the addition of CKD reduces the montmorillonite content of expansive soil and decreases its swelling properties. The addition of CKD also changes the pore volume distribution, both the size and amount of macro-pores and micro-pores decrease with increase in CKD content. For saturated samples, the size of macro-pores is obviously reduced, while that of micro-pores is slightly increased for both treated and untreated soils. Hydration and saturation processes make the soil structure become dispersive which results in a lower strength, and adding CKD can restrain this process. The suggested optimal CKD content is between 10 and 14% and with a curing time of more than 27 days.     

Laboratory investigations of inert gas flow behaviors in compact sandstone

The seepage evolution behavior of compact rock is significant for the stability and safety of many engineering applications. In this research, both hydrostatic and triaxial compression tests were conducted on compact sandstone using an inert gas, namely argon. A triaxial compression test with a water permeability measurement was carried out to study the difference between the gas permeability and water permeability evolutions during the complete stress–strain process. Based on the experimental data, the hydrostatic stress-dependent gas permeability was discussed firstly. A second-order function was proposed to predict and explain the gas slippage effect. The mechanical properties and crack development of the sandstone samples were discussed to better understand the permeability evolution with crack growth during the complete stress–strain process. The results show that the gas permeability evolution can be divided into five stages according to the different crack growth stages. Then, the permeability changes in the crack closure stress \( \sigma_{\text{cc}} \), crack initiation stress \( \sigma_{\text{ci}} \), crack damage stress \( \sigma_{\text{cd}} \) and peak stress \( \sigma_{\text{p}} \) with confining pressures were analyzed. Finally, we found that the difference between the corrected gas permeability and water permeability can be attributed to the interaction between the water and sandstone grains.