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511.
Jeremy M. Testa W. Michael Kemp Walter R. Boynton James D. Hagy III 《Estuaries and Coasts》2008,31(6):1021-1037
We conducted a quantitative assessment of estuarine ecosystem responses to reduced phosphorus and nitrogen loading from sewage
treatment facilities and to variability in freshwater flow and nonpoint nutrient inputs to the Patuxent River estuary. We
analyzed a 19-year dataset of water quality conditions, nutrient loading, and climatic forcing for three estuarine regions
and also computed monthly rates of net production of dissolved O2 and physical transport of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and phosphorus (DIP) using a salt- and water-balance model.
Point-source loading of DIN and DIP to the estuary declined by 40–60% following upgrades to sewage treatment plants and correlated
with parallel decreases in DIN and DIP concentrations throughout the Patuxent. Reduced point-source nutrient loading and concentration
resulted in declines in phytoplankton chlorophyll-a (chl-a) and light-saturated carbon fixation, as well as in bottom-layer O2 consumption for upper regions of the estuary. Despite significant reductions in seaward N transport from the middle to lower
estuary, chl-a, turbidity, and surface-layer net O2 production increased in the lower estuary, especially during summer. This degradation of water quality in the lower estuary
appears to be linked to a trend of increasing net inputs of DIN into the estuary from Chesapeake Bay and to above-average
river flow during the mid-1990s. In addition, increased abundance of Mnemiopsis leidyi significantly reduced copepod abundance during summer from 1990 to 2002, which favored increases in chl-a and allowed a shift in total N partitioning from DIN to particulate organic nitrogen. These analyses illustrate (1) the value
of long-term monitoring data, (2) the need for regional scale nutrient management that includes integrated estuarine systems,
and (3) the potential water quality impacts of altered coastal food webs. 相似文献
512.
New radiometric ages from the Subpenninic nappes (Eclogite Zone and Rote Wand – Modereck Nappe, Tauern Window) show that phengites formed under eclogite-facies metamorphic conditions retain their initial isotopic signature, even when associated lithologies were overprinted by greenschist- to amphibolite-facies metamorphism. Different stages of the eclogite-facies evolution can be dated provided 40Ar/39Ar dating is combined with micro-structural analyses. An age of 39 Ma from the Rote Wand – Modereck Nappe is interpreted to be close to the burial age of this unit. Eclogite deformation within the Eclogite Zone started at the pressure peak along distinct shear zones, and prevailed along the exhumation path. An age of ca. 38 Ma is only observed for eclogites not affected by subsequent deformation and is interpreted as maximum age due to the possible influence of homogenously distributed excess argon. During exhumation deformation was localised along distinct mylonitic shear zones. This stage is mainly characterised by the formation of dynamically recrystallized omphacite2 and phengite. Deformation resulted in the resetting of the Ar isotopic system within the recrystallized white mica. Flat argon release spectra showing ages of 32 Ma within mylonites record the timing of cooling along the exhumation path, and the emplacement onto the Venediger Nappe. Ar-release patterns and 36Ar/40Ar vs.39Ar/40Ar isotope correlation analyses indicate no significant 40Ar-loss after initial closure, and only a negligible incorporation of excess argon. From the pressure peak onwards, eclogitic conditions prevailed for almost 8–10 Ma. 相似文献
513.
The 2004 Chuetsu earthquakes of Niigata (Japan) triggered numerous landslides, and the most widespread types of landslides
were highly disrupted, relatively shallow slides and soil (debris) flows. This paper presented a method to evaluate slope
instability using Newmark displacement on a pixel-by-pixel basis in a given area. The proposed method was able to integrate
Newmark displacement modeling and Monte Carlo simulations within geographical information systems. In the modeling, an empirical
attenuation relationship was utilized to calculate Arias intensity over this study area, and the variability of geotechnical
parameters was taken into account to calculate coseismic landslide displacement. Before deriving the displacement from related
inputs, the Monte Carlo simulations ran 1,500 times and generated 1,500 displacement values for each grid cell, and then means
and standard deviations of displacement were calculated and probabilistic distributions can be obtained. Finally, given 10 cm
as a threshold value of displacement, estimated probabilities of displacement exceeding 10 cm were shown as a map of seismic
landslide hazards. The resulting hazard map was classified into four categories from very low to high level. 相似文献
514.
Slope inclinometers for landslides 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
Slope inclinometers/indicators are used to determine the magnitude, rate, direction, depth, and type of landslide movement.
This information is usually vitally important for understanding the cause, behavior, and remediation of a landslide. However,
many inclinometer measurements fail to achieve these intended aims because of lack of appreciation of the many factors that
need to be correctly implemented during installation, monitoring, and data reduction to yield useful data. This paper presents
some guidelines for understanding, installing, and interpreting slope inclinometers and presents three case histories that
illustrate some of the pitfalls that can develop if these guidelines are not followed. 相似文献
515.
滇西北兰坪地区金顶超大型铅锌矿床架崖山-北厂
矿段岩石地层特征 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
详细描述了滇西北兰坪金顶矿区架崖山-北厂主矿段露采剖面的岩石地层学特征。架崖山-北厂矿段出露正常沉积岩和非正常沉积岩两大岩石系列,分别由灰白色白云质灰岩、黑色泥晶灰岩、青灰色泥灰岩、杂色泥质粉砂岩、砖红色粉砂岩、红色膏溶角砾岩和浅灰色钙质砂岩、灰褐色灰岩角砾岩、杂色垮塌角砾岩组成。空间上以非正常沉积岩系列灰褐色灰岩角砾岩和浅灰色钙质砂岩为中心,正常沉积岩系列灰白色白云质灰岩、黑色泥晶灰岩、杂色泥质粉砂岩、青灰色泥灰岩和红色膏溶角砾岩分布于其周围。灰褐色灰岩角砾岩和浅灰色钙质砂岩构成了金顶矿区的2种主要矿石类型,二者空间上密切共生,近直立的灰岩角砾岩分布于近水平的钙质砂岩层的下部,构成似“蘑菇”状的几何形态。架崖山-北厂矿段岩石地层学的特征揭示了兰坪金顶铅锌矿泥底辟机制的成因特点,为矿区勘查和外围寻找金顶式矿床提供了新恩路。 相似文献
516.
冀东马兰峪背斜南翼与西部倾伏端盖层变形特征及其构造意义 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
燕山中部冀东遵化、迁西、青龙一带以太古宇深变质结晶岩系为核部的东西向构造形迹长期以来被认为是一个复式背斜构造,近年来又有学者提出它是一个中生代变质核杂岩。这2种不同认识涉及到华北克拉通北部中生代区域大地构造演化和稳定克拉通内部大型基底结晶岩系的剥露机制问题。对马兰峪背斜南翼和西部倾伏端盖层岩系开展的详细构造研究表明,变形总体表现为连续的褶皱变形及伴生的逆冲构造;构造样式表现为基底卷入式的厚皮构造与盖层内部软弱岩系控制的薄皮构造共存的特征;变形机制表现为顺层挤压导致的纵弯弯曲和相关的断裂构造;近南北向的缩短率介于16%~27%之间。盖层岩系中未发现变质核杂岩构造模型所预期的系列高角度正断层。基底与盖层不整合面接触带尽管在后期构造变形过程中曾经发生过局部的差异性滑动,但并不是造成大规模构造剥蚀和地壳柱切失的剥离断层。因此,冀东马兰峪背斜不是中生代的变质核杂岩,而是水平挤压背景下基底结晶岩系与盖层共同卷入纵弯褶皱变形的厚皮式褶皱构造。 相似文献
517.
518.
Wenguang Yang Hongbo Zheng Ke Wang Xin Xie Guocheng Chen Xi Mei 《Frontiers of Earth Science》2008,2(2):170-176
Sediments with high sedimentation rate at site MD05-2905 in the Northeastern slope of the South China Sea provide unique materials
for a high-resolution study on the paleoenvironment. Based on precise dating of AMS 14C, grain size analysis of terrigenous debris at core MD05-2905 was conducted after organic matter, biological carbonate and
biogenic opal were removed. The results show that 15.5–63.5 μm coarse grain size ingredients may indicate East Asian winter
monsoon changes and that 2–9 μm fine grain size ingredients may be used as a proxy of evolution of the East Asian summer monsoon.
The results of grain size analysis, which suggest East Asian monsoon intensity, reveal that a winter monsoon dominated the
glacial regime and a summer monsoon dominated the Holocene regime. It was also shown that the summer monsoon increased gradually,
experienced several abrupt changes and reached a culmination in the early Holocene (11200–8500 a B.P.) since 36 ka. Controlled
by precession periodicity, it may be related with the amount of solar radiation at the highest stage, which needs further
study.
__________
Translated from Advances in Earth Science, 2007, 22(10): 1012–1018 [译自: 地球科学进展] 相似文献
519.
In northern Jiangsu coastal zone area, Guanhe River is the biggest river and has the best navigation conditions among rivers
which flow into the Yellow Sea. The grain sizes show gradual increase from the high intertidal zone to lower intertidal zone.
The heavy metal values have slight changes along both sides of the river mouth, but show an evident change perpendicular to
the tidal flat. In the latter case, they show a good correlation with grain size fluctuation, that is, the heavy metal values
gradually decline when the grain size increases from the high intertidal zone to the lower intra-tidal zone. Analyses of the
heavy metal elements show that on the Guanhe estuary surface sediment, the content of the elements Hg, As and Cu is above
background values; Pb and Zn contents are rather close to the background values; and Cd content is less than the background
values. The element Hg comes out to be harmful in a medium level to ecological environment, while the elements of Cr, As,
Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd fall in a safe range of MPL. On the whole, Guanhe estuary tidal flat is not very harmful to the ecology
in terms of the heavy metals.
__________
Translated from Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 2007, 27(5): 23–32 [译自: 海洋地质与第四纪地质] 相似文献
520.
通过对井田内泉和暗河流量的调查研究,认为永宁镇组一、三段碳酸盐岩裂隙溶洞水为井田的主要含水层,含水层主要接受大气降水及河流的渗透补给;煤层上覆地层飞仙关组为相对隔水层,厚度大于500m,下覆无强含水层,其地下水对煤层的开采影响不大,井田水文地质条件较简单。采用比拟法对井田的涌水量进行了预算,推算该矿井开采设计涌水量为13 238m^3/d。 相似文献