矢量地形图拓扑等问题的研究与实践

对矢量地图生产过程中常见的图形拓扑、数据冗余问题进行分析和研究；在此基础上结合生产实践，提出了相应的解决办法。研制了基于AutoCAD2000平台的相关程序。     

Possible Impacts of the Arctic Oscillation on the Interdecadal Variation of Summer Monsoon Rainfall in East Asia

The influences of the wintertime AO (Arctic Oscillation) on the interdecadal variation of summer monsoon rainfall in East Asia were examined. An interdecadal abrupt change was found by the end of the 1970s in the variation of the AO index and the leading principal component time series of the summer rainfall in East Asia, The rainfall anomaly changed from below normal to above normal in central China, the southern part of northeastern China and the Korean peninsula around 1978. However,the opposite interdecadal variation was found in the rainfall anomaly in North China and South China.The interdecadal variation of summer rainfall is associated with the weakening of the East Asia summer monsoon circulation. It is indicated that the interdecadal variation of the AO exerts an influence on the weakening of the monsoon circulation. The recent trend in the AO toward its high-index polarity during the past two decades plays important roles in the land-sea contrast anomalies and wintertime precipitation anomaly. The mid- and high-latitude regions of the Asian continent are warming, while the low-latitude regions are cooling in winter and spring along with the AO entering its high-index polarity after the late 1970s. In the meantime, the precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau and South China is excessive, implying an increase of soil moisture. The cooling tendency of the land in the southern part of Asia will persist until summer because of the memory of soil moisture. So the warming of the Asian continent is relatively slow in summer. Moreover, the Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean which are located southward and eastward of the Asian land, are warming from winter to summer. This suggests that the contrast between the land and sea is decreased in summer. The interdecadal decrease of the land-sea heat contrast finally leads to the weakening of the East Asia summer monsoon circulation.     

Numerical Simulation of Wind and Temperature Fields over Beijing Area in Summer

1. IntroductionThe basic role of urban-rural boundary layer re-search is to study all kinds of physical process changesin the atmosphere boundary layer over urban and itssurrounding areas. Urban heat island (UHI) is a well-known feature of urban-rural climate. Attempts toincrease the understanding of the causes of the UHIand other urban-rural boundary layer phenomena haveused observational, theoretical and modelling methodssince long before. Seaman (1989) used a hydrostaticmodel, with real …     

世界海洋油气资源与勘探模式概述

描述了全球海洋油气储量的总体情况、海洋油气资源的地域分布以及海洋油气产量的状况与增长趋势。简略阐述了海洋油气勘探的阶段划分、海洋地质调查、海洋地球化学勘探、海洋非地震地球物理勘探以及海洋地震勘探各方法的基本特点、关键技术和常用手段等。对海洋油气勘探的前景,尤其是深水区和天然气水合物的勘探前景作了展望。     

拉尔玛金矿的生物成矿作用

位于甘、川两省交界处的拉尔玛金矿床,赋存于下寒武统太阳顶群,矿区内岩浆活动不强烈,矿床中断裂构造较发育,矿石矿物种类较齐全。矿石中的生物有机地球化学特征表明其为细菌和低等藻类生物体衍生的生物标志物和遗传特征,证明了太阳顶群中的有机质起源于菌藻类生物。矿石中的金属矿物生物组构有生物有机胶体组构和矿交代生物组构,说明生物成矿作用经历了直接成矿和间接成矿,即两轮聚矿作用,菌藻生物的第一轮聚金主要形成矿源层,生物的两轮聚金结果,形成此矿床。     

黑石—大山盆地赋煤特征初步探讨

通过收集整理物探、钻探资料,分析了黑石—大山盆地煤层赋存规律,认为在盆地的斜坡地带煤层赋存较好,总结出含煤岩系及煤层的变化规律,指出下一步找煤方向——在黑石东—塔拉站区域及官地镇—大山林场区域。     

Deformation Mechanism and Stability of a Rocky Slope

A high slope is located on the side of the spillway at a hydropower station in Southwest China, which has some weak inter-layers inclining outwards. Parts of the slope show heavy weathering and unloading. There appeared deformation and tensile crack either on the surface or on the afteredge of the slope during excavation, and under a platform （elev. 488 m）, two levels of slopes collapsed on the downriver side. Based on the investigation in situ and the analysis of the geological structure, the conceptual model of deformation and failure mechanism was erected for this slope. Furthermore, the deformation characteristics were studied with FLAC^3D numerical simulation. Comprehensive analysis shows that the whole deformation of the slope is unloading rebound in certain depth scope and the whole body does not slide along any weak interlayer. In addition, two parts with prominent local deformation in the shallow layer of the slope show the models of ＂creep sfiding-tensile cracking＂ and ＂slidlng-tensile cracking＂, respectively. Based on the above analysis, the corresponding project of support and reinforcement is proposed to make the slope more stable.     

雅鲁藏布江缝合带区域性构造-沉积特征

沿雅鲁藏布江缝合带的蛇绿岩套出露状态可分为3种类型,如在岗仁波齐和白朗地区完整出露大套基性 超基性岩体,层状堆晶岩,辉绿岩质岩席、岩墙,以及层状深海沉积建造。而在仁布地区的蛇绿岩露头规模迅速收敛,仅剩少量地幔岩体表现为串珠状排列的小岩株向东延伸并逐渐尖灭。在拉萨地区蛇绿岩套则完全缺失,相应位置出露一套同时代中 酸性火山岩建造。为探讨雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩带的大地构造性质,笔者选择蛇绿岩套出露巨厚、迅速收敛和完全缺失3种不同的构造位置开展构造-沉积剖面研究。初步结果显示：白朗大规模蛇绿岩套核心区保留基底构造窗,且局部可直接观察到深海沉积建造与上下围岩复理石的沉积整合接触关系。仁布地区的镁铁 超镁铁岩体具有保留完好的原生侵位构造形迹,岩体与围岩常呈侵位时的牵引平行或者低角度斜交接触关系,地幔岩与围岩接触带保留典型烘烤边等热接触变质带（晕）等。两剖面的岩石均处于区域性脆性 韧脆性变形和低绿片岩相变质作用,缺乏统一的区域性构造极性,因而整体属于原地系统,并非经历板块俯冲-碰撞-反逆冲的外来残余洋壳岩片。拉萨地区在蛇绿岩带向东延线位置出露侏罗-白垩系中 酸性火山建造,大剖面南北两侧的中 新生代沉积建造的岩性组合,构造样式和沉积环境演变过程具有明显的相似性和时间上的宏观对应性,应当记录了同一个盆地的完整演化旋回。上述构造-沉积地质特征说明雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩套并不代表中生代近万公里宽阔洋壳的残余构造岩片,新特提斯洋实际上属于一条中生代不均一洋壳化的弧后裂陷盆地。     

高放废物处置库甘肃北山预选区地下水位动态特征

阐明了甘肃北山预选区地下水位动态特征及其与当地大气降水的关系,并对其动态类型进行了剖析,由此得出北山地区地下水源自当地大气降水补给的认识。为处置库预选区场址评价提供了水文地质依据。     

塔里木盆地古城低凸起古-中生界构造演化特征与油气成藏关系

古城低凸起是塔里木盆地东部地区的重要勘探领域,古城6、8、9井的相继成功证实了其良好的勘探前景。塔里木盆地多年勘探实践表明,断裂对储层的形成和成藏有着重要的控制作用,对于油气发现具有重要意义。本文立足于本区二、三维地震资料,从分析断裂剖面的几何特征入手,建立了古-中生代的断裂发育样式,结合多窗口倾角扫描技术识别了隐蔽走滑断裂的平面特征,系统剖析了不同演化阶段断裂的变形机制,详细研究了构造演化对油气成藏的影响。研究表明：古城地区主要发育7类不同断层的构造样式,包括张性正断层、张扭性负花状构造、正"Y"字形构造、反"Y"字形构造、压扭性正花状构造、近直立的共轭走滑断层及张扭性走滑正断层;平面上主要发育NW向、NE向和NNE向3个方向的断裂。根据断裂的几何要素和动力特征,将断裂活动期次分为早加里东期、中加里东期、晚加里东-早海西期和印支-燕山期。其中：中加里东期断层奠定了本区堑垒相间的构造格局,是油气和下部流体向上运移重要通道;印支-燕山期形成的"羽状"断裂带是晚加里东-早海西期断裂再次活化形成的,距离其在3.0 km以内的井普遍钻探效果较差,对成藏有着重要的破坏作用。