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971.
The first year of sodium nightglow observations from Natal (6°S, 35°W) are examined. Time variations appear to follow a pattern of their own, different from low latitude results. The major seasonal peak occurs in September-October and the average variation during the night decreases from dusk to dawn. Statistics on cloud coverage show that Natal has roughly only about 3 clear hours per night. The best observing period is April with an average of 5 clear hours per night. 相似文献
972.
973.
L. Trafton 《Icarus》1985,63(3):374-405
We report the results of monitoring Saturn's H2 quadrupole and CH4 band absorptions outside of the equatorial zone over one-half of Saturn's year. This interval covers most of the perihelion half of Saturn's elliptical orbit, which happens to be approximately bounded by the equinoxes. Marked long-term changes occur in the CH4 absorption accompanied by weakly opposite changes in the H2 absorption. Around the 1980 equinox, the H2 and CH4 absorptions in the northern hemisphere appear to be discontinuous with those in the southern hemisphere. This discontinuity and the temporal variation of the absorptions are evidence for seasonal changes. The absorption variations can be attributed to a variable haze in Saturn's troposphere, responding to changes in temperature and insolation through the processes of sublimation and freezing. Condensed or frozen CH4 is very unlikely to contribute any haze. The temporal variation of the absorption in the strong CH4 bands at south temperate latitudes is consistent with a theoretically expected phase lag of 60° between the tropopause temperature and the seasonally variable insolation. We model the vertical haze distribution of Saturn's south temperature latitudes during 1971–1977 in terms of a distribution having a particle scale height equal to a fraction of the atmospheric scale height. The results are a CH4/H2 mixing ratio of (4.2 ± 0.4) × 10?3, a haze particle albedo of , and a range of variation in the particle to gas scale-height ratio of 0.6 ± 0.2. The haze was lowest near the time of maximum temperature. We also report spatial measurements of the absorption in the 6450 Å NH3 band made annually since the 1980 equinox. A 20 ± 4% increase in the NH3 absorption at south temperate latitudes has occurred since 1973–1976 and the NH3 absorption at high northern latitudes has increased during spring. Increasing insolation, and the resulting net sublimation of NH3 crystals, is probably the cause. Significant long-term changes apparently extend to the deepest visible parts of Saturn's atmosphere. An apparently anomalous ortho-para H2 ratio in 1978 suggests that the southern temperate latitudes experienced an unusual upwelling during that time. This may have signaled a rise in the radiative-convective boundary from deep levels following maximum tropospheric temperature and the associated maximum radiative stability. This would be further evidence that the deep, visible atmosphere is governed by processes such as dynamics and the thermodynamics of phase changes, which have response times much shorter than the radiative time constant. 相似文献
974.
We investigate the evolution of rotation period and spindown age of a pulsar whose surface magnetic field undergoes a phase
of growth. Application of these results to the Crab pulsar strongly indicates that its parameters cannot be accounted for
by the field growth theories. 相似文献
975.
N. S. Chauhan 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1985,112(1):185-192
The treatment followed by Coxet al. (1973) for the estimation of the effects of thermal imbalance on the pulsational stability of stars is applied to Roche and point source (Chandrika Prashad) model. The calculations suggest that the eigenvalues obtained for the above model are correct to 0(t
ff/ts). The expressions for stability coefficients and corresponding eigenfunctions for the stars in thermal imbalance for the above models have also been derived. 相似文献
976.
P.S. Rainbow 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1985,21(5):669-686
The crab Carcinus maenas (L.) and the barnacle Elminius modestus Darwin were exposed to a range of dissolved concentrations of Zn, Cu and Cd for 21 days in artificial seawater. Accumulation of Zn and Cu by crabs has been interpreted in terms of the presence of a regulation mechanism to maintain constant body concentrations (83·2 ± 19·4 μg Zn g?1 dry wt.; 39·8 ± 9·8 μg Cu g?1 dry wt.) under varying external dissolved metal levels, until a threshold dissolved metal concentration (c. 400 μg Zn l?1; c. 170 μg Cu l?1) beyond which net accumulation of metal begins. Cadium appears to be accumulated by C. maenas at all exposures with no evidence for regulation of body cadmium concentrations. Exposure of E. modestus to Zn, Cu or Cd caused net accumulation of the respective metal in the bodies of the barnacles, with no evidence for regulation of body metal concentrations. 相似文献
977.
J.D. Pos 《Coastal Engineering》1985,9(2):101-123
An experimental technique and configuration has been developed by the author to simulate and measure (using short range photogrammetric techniques) the wave heights of waves diffracting into a model basin of infinite extent. The finite and infinite element program “WAVE” developed in the Department of Civil Engineering, University College of Swansea, Wales, has been modified to run on the UNIVAC 1100 at the University of Cape Town. The program is used to model the experimental configuration being tested mathematically. Two configurations, namely a symmetrical and an asymmetrical breakwater gap configuration, are analysed both experimentally and numerically. It is concluded that there is a good correlation between the finite element and experimental results and that the “WAVE” program is a very useful tool for the prediction of wave heights in large harbour basins. 相似文献
978.
979.
Sean J. McKenna 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1985,108(1):31-66
A general treatment of the transfer of polarized radiation in spectral lines assuming a Rayleigh phase function and a general law of frequency redistribution is derived. It is shown how nine families of coupled integral equations for the moments of the radiation field arise which are necessary to fully describe the state of polarization of the emergent radiation from a plane-parallel, semi-infinite atmosphere. The special case of angle independent redistribution functions is derived from the general formalism, and it is shown how the nine families of integral equations reduce to the six linearly independent integral equations derived by Collins (1972). To serve as a test of the formulation, solutions for isothermal atmospheres are given. 相似文献
980.
Attia A. Ashour 《Geophysical Journal International》1985,83(1):127-142
Summary. The electrical system of currents excited by a uniform electric field of arbitrary direction in an infinite plane sheet of uniform conductivity except for two non-overlapping circular areas is obtained analytically. Using the method introduced by Ashour, the magnetic field of the system is also obtained. The components of this additional field are expressed as line integrals which are suitable for computation. The results reduce, in the special case of one insertion, to those obtained earlier by Ashour & Chapman.
As an illustration, numerical results are obtained for the special case of two equal insertions of zero conductivity.
The analysis and results obtained are useful in estimating the modification of the currents flowing in an ocean and their magnetic field by two islands. 相似文献
As an illustration, numerical results are obtained for the special case of two equal insertions of zero conductivity.
The analysis and results obtained are useful in estimating the modification of the currents flowing in an ocean and their magnetic field by two islands. 相似文献