全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1162篇 |
免费 | 47篇 |
国内免费 | 19篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 20篇 |
大气科学 | 102篇 |
地球物理 | 293篇 |
地质学 | 383篇 |
海洋学 | 126篇 |
天文学 | 184篇 |
综合类 | 7篇 |
自然地理 | 113篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 14篇 |
2020年 | 13篇 |
2019年 | 21篇 |
2018年 | 28篇 |
2017年 | 20篇 |
2016年 | 29篇 |
2015年 | 26篇 |
2014年 | 38篇 |
2013年 | 59篇 |
2012年 | 42篇 |
2011年 | 38篇 |
2010年 | 40篇 |
2009年 | 56篇 |
2008年 | 51篇 |
2007年 | 39篇 |
2006年 | 43篇 |
2005年 | 36篇 |
2004年 | 24篇 |
2003年 | 41篇 |
2002年 | 24篇 |
2001年 | 32篇 |
2000年 | 28篇 |
1999年 | 19篇 |
1998年 | 20篇 |
1997年 | 17篇 |
1996年 | 9篇 |
1995年 | 14篇 |
1994年 | 17篇 |
1993年 | 19篇 |
1992年 | 8篇 |
1991年 | 13篇 |
1990年 | 19篇 |
1989年 | 15篇 |
1987年 | 12篇 |
1986年 | 7篇 |
1985年 | 20篇 |
1984年 | 18篇 |
1983年 | 19篇 |
1982年 | 30篇 |
1981年 | 24篇 |
1980年 | 22篇 |
1979年 | 20篇 |
1978年 | 18篇 |
1977年 | 21篇 |
1976年 | 18篇 |
1975年 | 13篇 |
1974年 | 16篇 |
1973年 | 18篇 |
1972年 | 6篇 |
1971年 | 8篇 |
排序方式: 共有1228条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
211.
Robert W. Johnson 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2011,332(1):73-79
To investigate the relation between observations of the 10.7 cm flux and the international sunspot number so that a physical
unit may be ascribed to historical records, both polynomial and power law models are developed giving the radio flux as a
function of sunspot number and vice versa. Bayesian data analysis is used to estimate the model parameters and to discriminate between the models. The effect on the
parameter uncertainty and on the relative evidence of normalizing the measure of fit is investigated. The power law giving
flux as a function of sunspot number is found to be the most plausible model and may be used to estimate the radio flux from
historical sunspot observations. 相似文献
212.
Spectral maps of Mimas’ daytime thermal emission show a previously unobserved thermal anomaly on Mimas’ surface. A sharp V-shaped boundary, centered at 0°N and 180°W, separates relatively warm daytime temperatures from a cooler anomalous region occupying low- to mid-latitudes on the leading hemisphere. Subsequent observations show the anomalous region is also warmer than its surroundings at night, indicating high thermal inertia. Thermal inertia in the anomalous region is , compared to < outside the anomaly. Bolometric Bond albedos are similar between the two regions, in the range 0.49-0.70. The mapped portion of the thermally anomalous region coincides in shape and location to a region of high-energy electron deposition from Saturn’s magnetosphere, which also has unusually high near-UV reflectance. It is therefore likely that high-energy electrons, which penetrate Mimas’ surface to the centimeter depths probed by diurnal temperature variations, also alter the surface texture, dramatically increasing its thermal inertia. 相似文献
213.
J. Christopher L’Esperance Bernard P. Boudreau Mark A. Barry Bruce D. Johnson 《Geo-Marine Letters》2013,33(1):75-81
Poisson’s ratio (static) appears as a parameter in models of soft-sediment geomechanical processes such as gas bubble formation and bioturbation, and in a number of practical applications, including acoustic imaging, but is rarely measured in soft near-surface (upper 20 cm) marine sediments. A new uniaxial apparatus was developed to assess Poisson’s ratios of cylindrical samples of soft cohesive sediments under finite-strain, unconfined, undrained conditions. No constraining membrane around the sample is necessary in the instrument. By monitoring the fluid level in a capillary, changes in sample volume can be determined to high precision (reproducibility). Measurements on reference materials, i.e., gelatine and polyurethane, also indicate high accuracy (veracity). For natural sediments from Nova Scotia, Canada, Poisson’s ratios range from 0.4951 to 0.5 with no indication of anisotropy; therefore, such sediments act as incompressible solids to short-term/small-magnitude stresses, as occur during bubble formation and infaunal movement. 相似文献
214.
Abstract Considerable metal enrichments have been found in hydrothermal fluids and metalliferous sediments off the central Lesser Antilles Volcanic Arc. The elements variably enriched in the fluids as a result of the hydrothermal activity are Fe, Mn, As, Si, B, Li and in the sediments, Fe, P, Mo, As, Sb, Hg, Cu and Pb. Variations in the concentrations of these elements in both fluids and sediments along the arc result from a number of factors, the most important of which is the stage that each island's volcano has reached in its eruptive cycle. Although hydrothermal mineralization on the sea floor off the islands is only low grade, phase separation in the hydrothermal fluids at depth could be leading to higher grade stockwork mineralization below the vent fields or the discharge of metal rich brines on the lower flanks of the volcanic islands. 相似文献
215.
Karen T. Johnson Margie Wickham‐St. Germain Saebom Ko Scott G. Huling 《Ground Water Monitoring & Remediation》2012,32(3):84-92
Groundwater samples collected at sites where in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) has been deployed may contain binary mixtures of groundwater contaminants and permanganate (MnO4–), an oxidant injected into the subsurface to destroy the contaminant. Commingling of the oxidant and contaminant in aqueous samples may negatively impact the quality of the sample as well as the analytical instruments used to quantify contaminant concentrations. In this study, binary mixtures comprised of (1) a multicomponent standard with permanganate and (2) groundwater samples collected at two ISCO field sites were preserved with ascorbic acid. Ascorbic acid reacts rapidly with the MnO4– and limits the reaction between MnO4– and the organic compounds in the mixture. Consequently, most of the compounds in the multicomponent standard were within the control limit for quality assurance. However, despite timely efforts to preserve the samples, the rapid reaction between permanganate and contaminant caused the concentration of several sensitive compounds to fall significantly below the lower control limit. Concentrations of volatile organic compounds in the field‐preserved binary mixture groundwater samples were greater than in samples refrigerated in the field and preserved upon arrival at the laboratory, indicating the time‐dependency and benefit of field preservation. The molar ratio of ascorbic acid required to neutralize KMnO4 was 1.64 (mol ascorbic acid/mol KMnO4); this provided a baseline to estimate the volume of ascorbic acid stock solution and/or the weight of crystalline ascorbic acid required to neutralize MnO4–. Excess ascorbic acid did not negatively impact the quality of the aqueous samples, or analytical instruments, used in the analyses. 相似文献
216.
Bruce D. Johnson Mark A. Barry Bernard P. Boudreau Peter A. Jumars Kelly M. Dorgan 《Geo-Marine Letters》2012,32(1):39-48
This study reports the first in situ measurements of tensile fracture toughness, K
IC, of soft, surficial, cohesive marine sediments. A newly developed probe continuously measures the stress required to cause
tensile failure in sediments to depths of up to 1 m. Probe measurements are in agreement with standard laboratory methods
of K
IC measurements in both potter’s clay and natural sediments. The data comprise in situ depth profiles from three field sites
in Nova Scotia, Canada. Measured K
IC at two muddy sites (median grain size of 23–50 μm) range from near zero at the sediment surface to >1,800 Pa m1/2 at 0.2 m depth. These profiles also appear to identify the bioturbated/mixed depth. K
IC for a sandy site (>90% sand) is an order of magnitude lower than for the muddy sediments, and reflects the lack of cohesion/adhesion.
A comparison of K
IC, median grain size, and porosity in muddy sediments indicates that consolidation increases fracture strength, whereas inclusion
of sand causes weakening; thus, sand-bearing layers can be easily identified in K
IC profiles. K
IC and vane-measured shear strength correlate strongly, which suggests that the vane measurements should perhaps be interpreted
as shear fracture toughness, rather than shear strength. Comparison of in situ probe-measured values with K
IC of soils and gelatin shows that sediments have a K
IC range intermediate between denser compacted soils and softer, elastic gelatin. 相似文献
217.
The problem of cost shifting from higher tiers of government to local councils in Australia is widely recognised and has been investigated by several official inquiries. However, it has thus far been difficult to gather reliable estimates of the magnitude of the problem. Quite apart from the taxing definitional and data problems associated with the phenomenon, these difficulties have been compounded by the fact that very few attempts have been made to measure the impact of specific instances of cost shifting in Australian local government, especially its spatial impact. In an attempt to remedy this neglect, this paper seeks to measure the spatial effects of pensioner rate concession rebates on local councils in New South Wales. 相似文献
218.
219.
220.
Fine‐grained Palaeogene–early Neogene strata of the South Caspian basin, specifically the Oligocene–Lower Miocene Maikop Series, are responsible for the bulk of hydrocarbon generation in the region. Despite the magnitude of oil and gas currently attributed to the source interval offshore, geochemical evaluation of 376 outcrop samples from the northern edge of the Kura basin (onshore eastern Azerbaijan) indicates that depositional conditions in these proximal strata along the basin margins were dominantly oxic to mildly suboxic/anoxic throughout three major depositional stages: the Palaeocene–Eocene, Oligocene–early Middle Miocene and late Middle–Late Miocene. Palaeocene–Eocene samples have low average total organic carbon (TOC) values (0.3%), with higher total inorganic carbon (TIC) values (average=2.6%), extremely low sulphur content (0.2%) and relatively high detrital input as indicated by Fe/Al and Ti/Al ratios. C–S–Fe associations, along with relatively lower concentrations of redox‐sensitive trace elements (e.g. V, Ni, Mo, U) indicate dominantly oxic environments of deposition during much of the Palaeocene–Eocene. A pronounced geochemical shift occurred near the Eocene–Oligocene boundary, and continued through the Early Miocene. Specifically, this interval is characterized by a distinct increase in TOC (ranging from 0.1 to 6.3% with an average of 1.5%), C–S–Fe associations that reveal an abrupt relative increase of carbon and sulphur with respect to iron‐dominated Palaeocene–Eocene samples, and higher concentrations of redox‐sensitive trace metals. These changes suggest that a shift away from unrestricted marine conditions and towards more variable salinity conditions occurred coincident with the initial collision of the Arabian plate and partial closure of the Paratethys ocean. Despite periodic basin restriction, the majority of Upper Eocene–Lower Miocene strata in the northern Kura basin record oxic to slightly dysoxic conditions. 相似文献