Abrupt Holocene climate change and potential response to solar forcing in western Canada

Several abrupt climate events during the Holocene, including the widely documented oscillation at 8.2 thousand years before present (ka), are attributed to changes in the North Atlantic thermohaline circulation. Additional mechanisms, such as interactions between atmospheric circulation, ice-sheet dynamics, and the influence of solar irradiance, also have been proposed to explain abrupt climatic events, but evidence remains elusive. This study presents evidence from multi-proxy analyses on the Holocene sediments of Eleanor Lake, interior British Columbia. Climatic inferences from our decadal-resolution record of biogenic silica (BSi) abundance are supported by changes in diatom and pollen assemblages from the same core and correlations with existing regional climate records. The BSi record reveals abrupt and persistent climatic shifts at 10.2, 9.3, and 8.5 ka, the latter two of which are coeval with major collapses of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. The record also reveals a short-term cooling at 8.2 ka that is distinct from the 8.5 ka event and similar in magnitude to several other late-Holocene coolings. BSi is correlated with solar-irradiance indices (r = 0.43–0.61), but the correlation is opposite in sign to that expected from direct solar forcing and weakens after 8 ka. Possible mechanisms causing the abrupt and persistent climate changes of the early Holocene include 1) sudden losses of ice and proglacial lake extent, causing a shift in the meridional structure of atmospheric circulation, 2) a possible link between solar minima and El Niño-like conditions that are correlated with warm spring temperature in interior British Columbia, and 3) the influence of solar irradiance variability on the position of the polar jet, possibly via effects on the strength of the glacial anticyclone.     

利用小波变换分析朝鲜核爆波形特征

基于小波变换方法,对2009-2017年黑龙江省牡丹江地震台（MDJ）记录的5次朝鲜核爆信号进行Daubechies小波8层多尺度分解,通过对比分析近似和细节部分信息,发现核爆信号进行小波分解后,在不同层存在相同特征,且有别于地震信号分解后在相应各层的特征。可见,利用该方法可有效识别朝鲜核爆。     

Turbulence and suspended sediment processes in the Garonne River tidal bore in November 2016

A tidal bore is a water discontinuity at the leading edge of a ood tide wave in estuaries with a large tidal range and funneling topography. New measurements were done in the Garonne River tidal bore on 14 15 November 2016, at a site previously investigated between 2010 and 2015. The data focused on long, continuous, high-frequency records of instantaneous velocity and suspended sediment con- centration (SSC) estimate for several hours during the late ebb, tidal bore passage and ood tide. The bore passage drastically modi ed the ow eld, with very intense turbulent and sediment mixing. This was evidenced with large and rapid uctuations of both velocity and Reynolds stress, as well as large SSCs during the ood tide. Granulometry data indicated larger grain sizes of suspended sediment in water samples compared to sediment bed material, with a broader distribution, shortly after the tidal bore. The tidal bore induced a sudden suspended sediment ux reversal and a large increase in suspended sedi- ment ux magnitude. The time-variations of turbulent velocity and suspended sediment properties indicated large uctuations throughout the entire data set. The ratio of integral time scales of SSC to velocity in the x-direction was on average TE,SSC/TE,x 0.16 during the late ebb tide, compared to TE,SSC/ TE,x 0.09 during the late ood tide. The results imply different time scales between turbulent velocities and suspended sediment concentrations.     

南京信息工程大学气候预测系统1.0版简介

南京信息工程大学气候预测系统1.0版(NUIST CFS1.0)是基于日本海洋科学技术开发机构(JAMSTEC)的SINTEX-F模式发展而来,可以实现对全球气候异常的季节-年际预测。对过去近40 a的集合历史回报预测试验结果的评估发现,该预测系统对热带太平洋和印度洋海温异常具有良好的预测技巧,并且该系统能提前1.5~2 a对ENSO(Nino3.4指数)做出有技巧的预测(即相关系数达0.5),同时也可以提前1~2个季节对印度洋偶极子(IOD)做出有较高技巧的预测,展现了对主要热带气候信号的良好预测技巧。但是与国内外所有动力模式预测系统类似,该系统对东亚地区的气候异常预测还存在较大的不足。考虑到ENSO对东亚地区气候异常的强烈影响,本文尝试去除与ENSO预测相关的系统偏差来初步订正东亚地区夏季温度异常和降水距平百分率的预测结果。对比订正前后的结果表明,这一简单的订正方法有助于提高我国气候异常的预测准确率。同时选取2019年夏季气温异常和降水距平百分率的实时预测结果作为个例进行分析,发现订正能够提供一定的技巧改善,但与观测结果相比仍存在较大偏差,需要在今后的工作中不断改进完善。此外,本文也初步评估了NUIST CFS1.0对我国冬春季的气候预测技巧,并提供了经简单订正后的2019/2020年冬季和2020年春季的实时预测结果。     

塔里木盆地盐生和干旱生境柽柳(Tamarix)凋落物分解特征

以塔里木盆地柽柳（Tamarix）凋落物为研究对象,应用凋落袋法,揭示其在盐生（H₁）和干旱（H₂）生境中分解差异性及主要制约因子。结果表明：（1）经720 d分解,H₁、H₂生境中柽柳凋落物残留率分别为83.50%、53.73%,两种生境下凋落物残留率差异极显著（P < 0.01）。（2）在H₁、H₂生境中,柽柳凋落物分解系数分别为0.082、0.320,分解50%所需时间分别为9.40、2.17 a,分解95%所需时间分别为40.62、9.36 a。（3） C元素在H₁中富集-释放交替进行,在H₂中为单一的富集-释放;N元素在H₁中表现出累积-释放交替模式,在H₂中表现出相反的变化趋势;P元素在0~360 d分解时间段均呈逐渐释放过程,而在第360~720 d,H₁呈逐渐累积过程,H₂呈累积-释放模式。木质素呈现逐渐释放模式,纤维素释放模式富集-释放交替进行。经720 d分解,C、N、P、木质素、纤维素残留率在两种生境中均存在极显著差异（P < 0.01）。（4）微生境变化对凋落物分解制约因素并不相同,盐生生境下土壤Na⁺含量是制约凋落物分解的主要因子,而干旱生境下残留量、土壤Mg²⁺、凋落物全磷含量起主导作用。     

Prospectivity Mapping for Tungsten Polymetallic Mineral Resources,Nanling Metallogenic Belt,South China: Use of Random Forest Algorithm from a Perspective of Data Imbalance

Natural Resources Research - Mineral systems are composed of many interacting components that lead to complex, singular and rare properties of geo-data. In mineral prospectivity mapping (MPM),...     

铜对海洋生物毒理学研究进展及展望

铜元素是人类和海洋生物必需的微量金属元素之一,对于海洋生物的生命活动具有重要意义,但过量的铜也对海洋生物造成危害.本文归纳了近几年国内外学者采用不同铜源对海洋生物的毒性毒理机制研究的相关资料和实验结果;总结了海洋生态水环境、养殖环境等标准中铜元素的限量以及检测方法;并在主要海洋生物的生长繁殖和富集过程生理生化指标的影响...     

松原MS5.1地震前断层土壤气H2、Hg地球化学特征与热红外异常响应研究

利用多种气体开展联合观测是捕捉地震前兆异常的有效途径。氢、汞观测作为地震短临预测主要手段和前兆指标,在揭示地下(断裂带)流体与地震孕育、发生关系中发挥着重要的作用。通过在黑龙江肇东观测井开展断裂带土壤气H₂、Hg野外定点联合观测试验,对2019年5月18日吉林松原宁江M_S5.1主震及其余震序列的震兆关系进行对比分析,结果表明：(1)断裂带土壤气H₂、Hg浓度在宁江M_S5.1地震前分别存在3个月的短期异常和3天的临震异常,二者在主震前后表现形式以及频谱特征均存在较大差异,这可能与氢、汞特性和孕震机理有关;(2)断裂带土壤气H₂、Hg浓度在宁江M_S5.1主震及余震时段均存在高值异常,主要表现为“高值异常—恢复正常—发生主震—震后高值异常—恢复正常—发生较强余震”,具有持续性、可重复性和配套性的特点;(3)吉林松原宁江M_S5.1地震前后肇东断裂带土壤气H₂、Hg地球化学特征与震中区附近热红外异常具有响应特征,主要表现为...