An Application of the RAMS/FLUENT System on the Multi-Scale Numerical Simulation of the Urban Surface Layer A Preliminary Study

The Regional Atmospheric Modeling System （RAMS） and the computational fluid dynamics （CFD） codes known as FLUENT are combinatorially applied in a multi-scale numerical simulation of the urban surface layer （USL）. RAMS and FLUENT are combined as a multi-scale numerical modeling system, in which the RAMS simulated data are delivered to the computational model for FLUENT simulation in an offline way. Numerical simulations are performed to present and preliminarily validate the capability of the multi-scale modeling system, and the results show that the modeling system can reasonably provide information on the meteorological elements in an urban area from the urban scale to the city-block scale, especially the details of the turbulent flows within the USL.     

西北太平洋热带气旋频数的气候变化及其与环境要素间的联系

使用Emanuel和Nolan完善的潜在生成指数(GPI)的计算方法,利用美国联合台风警报中心提供的热带气旋(TC)资料和欧洲中期数值天气预报中心提供的全球ERA-40再分析资料,比较了1970-2001年西北太平洋海域的TC生成频数和GPI的气候特征,分析了包含于GPI中的环境要素对西北太平洋TC频数年代际变化空间分布的影响.结果表明:GPI能近似地表述西北太平洋TC频数的季节变化和空间分布.各环境要素对TC、较弱类TC和较强类TC生成频数的影响有显著差异,相对湿度随着TC强度的增强而减弱,风速垂直切变则相反.西北太平洋TC频数年代际变化空间分布的正异常主要分布于130°E以东,(15°N,140°E)附近最大的正异常频数中心主要受绝对涡度和相对湿度正异常变化的影响;负的风速垂直切变和正的相对湿度异常变化引起了(10～15°N,160°E)附近的TC频数正异常.     

萨瓦亚尔顿金（锑）矿床地质地球化学特征与成矿机理探讨

新疆萨瓦亚尔顿金（锑）矿床是９０年代初在我国南天山西段发现的大型金矿,其成矿地质背景、矿床地质特征与乌兹别克斯坦穆龙套金矿床具有类似的特点。通过对该矿床地质地球化学特征进行研究分析,指出成矿与含碳浊积岩有关,矿体受一组早期为韧性、中晚期为脆性的剪切带控制。成矿与深部的热源的驱动有关,成矿流体成分具有深部来源与浅部来源混合特点,主成矿期为海西晚期－印支期。     

湖南地区加权平均温度的影响因素分析及建模

利用湖南地区长沙、怀化、郴州3个探空站连续3 a（2012～2014年）的观测数据,以数值积分法计算的大气加权平均温度（Tm）作为参考值,分析Tm与地面气温Ts、水汽压es及大气压Ps之间的相关性,并基于最小二乘原理建立湖南地区多因子Tm模型。研究结果表明,Tm与地面温度Ts和水汽压es呈正相关性,与大气压Ps呈负相关;Bevis模型的Tm偏差主要分布在0～4 K之间,存在一定的系统偏差,而基于Ts单因子的Tm模型偏差主要分布在-2~3 K之间;双因子与三因子精度相当,但均优于单因子模型。总体而言,基于地面气温Ts和水汽压es的双因子Tm模型的精度优于基于Ts的单因子模型,更优于Bevis模型,适用于湖南地区的GPS气象研究及业务应用。     

鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶纪华北海和祁连海演变及岩相古地理特征

鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶纪华北海与祁连海演变关系是多年来研究中的一大难题。本依据古生态演化的不可逆性及地理分区，并结合盆地中东部、西部和南部奥陶纪地层的系统对比，深入探讨了奥陶纪牙形刺动物群在不同沉积分区的演化特征及其与华北海和祁连海之间的关系。并在此基础上，将祁连海侵漫到盆地西缘地区的时间，确定在华北海马家沟四期最大海侵的晚期，侵漫范围尚末过中央古隆起带的鄂6井到定探1井一线。中央古隆起在马家沟四期沉积后，对华北海和祁连海具有明显的分隔作用。根据牙形刺动物群的面貌及不同阶段的地理分区，结合古构造格局及岩石、岩相标志，系统分析了奥陶纪不同阶段的沉积特征，再现了各期岩相古地理面貌，为鄂尔多斯奥陶系天然气勘探奠定了地质基础。     

活性炭测量系统的最佳条件选择和影响因素

活性灰吸附器测氡法在铀矿勘探中得到了较广泛的应用。作者根据实验室内活性炭吸附器测氡的试验结果,选择了测量系统中装置参数的最佳条件,包括吸附剂类型,干燥剂的性质,吸附系统的灵敏度,吸附器的埋置时间,装置的容积、吸附容量与氧浓度的关系。另外,还研究了活性炭的解吸温度和时间以及温度对活性炭吸附能力的影响。文中详细给出了实验数据。     

Geometric Characteristics of Tropical Cyclone Eyes before Landfall in South China Based on Ground-Based Radar Observations

The geometric characteristics of tropical cyclone(TC) eyes before landfall in South China are examined using groundbased radar reflectivity. It is found that the median and mean eye area decrease with TC intensity, except for the severe typhoon category, and the eye size increases with height. The increasing rate of eye size is relatively greater in upper layers.Moreover, the ratio of eye size change in the vertical direction does not correlate with TC intensity. No relationship is presented between the ratio of eye size change in the vertical direction and the vertical wind shear. No relationship between the vertical change in eye size and the eye size at a certain level is found, inconsistent with other studies. No relationship exists between the vertical change in eye size and the intensity tendency. The eye roundness values range mainly from 0.5 to 0.7, and more intense TCs generally have eyes that are more circular.     

关于随机分布参数系统的变结构控制研究

研究了一类Itô型随机时滞分布参数系统的滑动模控制问题,设计了该系统的变结构控制器,证明了系统的滑动模运动的存在性,并分析了在滑动切换面上滑动模控制系统关于不确定量的不变性特征及运动稳定性.与相关论文相比,所获结论与扩散系数相关,在实际应用中更具实践意义.运用文中方法,类似论文结论均可进行改进.     

Impacts of nitrogen and phosphorus on atrazine-contaminated soil remediation and detoxification by Arthrobacter sp. strain HB-5

The relationship of atrazine-degrading bacteria Arthrobacter sp. HB-5 and nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer to atrazine degradation and detoxification in soil was investigated in a microcosm pot experiment. Treatments of soil containing atrazine (AW) with atrazine plus strain HB-5 alone (A), together with atrazine and strain HB-5 plus nitrogen alone (AN), phosphate alone (AP), and nitrogen and phosphate together (ANP) were used to investigate atrazine degradation and ecotoxicity. Atrazine residues in the soils were determined by high performance liquid chromatography, while soil ecotoxicity was tested by micronucleus (MN) assay of Vicia faba root tip cells. The results showed that degradation of atrazine in soil could be facilitated by the treatment of strain HB-5 as well as strain HB-5 application with the addition of nitrogenous and/or phosphorus fertilizers. The degradation rates varied as the following: ANP > AP > AN > A > AW in different treatments. At 10 days post treatment, degradation efficiency of over 90 % was achieved in all strain HB-5 treatments except AW, but with no statistically significant differences found between treatments. Soil ecotoxicity was significantly reduced along with the degradation of atrazine by strain HB-5, and the ecotoxicity of soils with applied fertilizer was below that of treatments without fertilizer. On the seventh day and later, the MN frequencies of all treatments were decreased in the control levels except for AW. Thus, adjusting soil nutrient contents not only promoted strain HB-5 to remove atrazine in soil but also mitigated soil ecotoxicity effects caused by atrazine. These results are important keystones for future remediation of atrazine-contaminated soils.     

安徽省土壤水分监测预测系统

基于农业气象业务需求,研发安徽省土壤水分监测预测服务系统,可为防汛抗旱决策服务提供技术支持。该文首先建立人工取土、自动土壤水分观测站等不同渠道土壤水分监测资料的实时传输与处理系统,再利用不同季节资料建立土壤墒情统计预测模型,然后对Surfer 8.0和线柱图控件进行二次开发,实现不同季节和不同土层的土壤墒情监测预测结果表格化、图形化动态显示与输出。该研究建立的土壤旱涝监测预测系统实现了从土壤水分原始监测数据到标准化土壤水分综合数据库、再从监测预测初级产品到动态及图形化显示的服务产品的四级数据文件转化及业务逻辑流程,系统业务实用性和转化力强,该系统已成功应用于安徽省农业旱涝预报预警业务服务。