Magnetic susceptibility of ultrahigh pressure eclogite: The role of retrogression

Retrograde metamorphism played the dominant role in changing the low-field rock magnetic properties and density of 198 specimens of variably retrograded eclogites from the main borehole of the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Project (CCSD) and from surface outcrops in the Donghai area in the southern part of the Sulu UHP belt, China. Bulk magnetic susceptibility (κ) of unretrogressed UHP eclogite is controlled by whole-rock chemical composition and ranges from 397 to 2312 μSI with principal magnetic susceptibility carrying minerals paramagnetic garnet, omphacite, rutile and phengite. Partially retrograded eclogites show large variations in magnetic susceptibility between 804 and 24,277 μSI, with high mean magnetic susceptibility values of 4372 ± 4149 μSI caused by appreciable amounts of Fe-Ti oxide minerals such as magnetite, ilmenite and/or titanohematite produced by retrograde metamorphic reactions. Completely retrograded eclogites have lower susceptibilities of 1094 ± 600 μSI and amphibolite facies mineral assemblages lacking high magnetic susceptibility minerals. Jelínek's corrected anisotropy (P_j) of eclogites ranges from 1.001 to 1.540, and shows a positive correlation with low-field magnetic susceptibility (κ). Arithmetic mean bulk density (ρ) shows a steady decrease from 3.54 ± 0.11 g/cm³ (fresh eclogite) to 2.98 ± 0.06 g/cm³ (completely retrograded eclogite). Retrograde metamorphic changes in mineral composition during exhumation appear to be the major factor causing variations in low field magnetic susceptibility and anisotropy. Retrograde processes must be taken into account when interpreting magnetic surveys and geophysical well logs in UHP metamorphic terranes, and petrophysical properties such as density and low-field magnetic susceptibility could provide a means for semi-quantifying the degree of retrogression of eclogite during exhumation.     

青海省都兰县果洛龙洼金矿成矿流体

果洛龙洼金矿是青海东昆仑地区最典型、最具规模的金矿床之一。在前人资料基础上,将果洛龙洼金矿热液成矿期划分为4个成矿阶段：贫矿化石英阶段、石英-多金属硫化物阶段（主要成矿阶段）、石英-贫硫化物阶段（次要成矿阶段）和石英-碳酸盐阶段。随后对主要和次要成矿阶段石英脉开展流体包裹体显微测温和H-O同位素研究。结果表明：原生流体包裹体主要包括气液两相、富CO₂三相、纯CO₂两相共3类;成矿流体总体以CO₂-NaCl-H₂O体系为主,均一温度为130.0~357.3 ℃,盐度（w(NaCl)）为1.83%~20.11%。石英-多金属硫化物阶段石英δ¹⁸O_V-SMOW值为14.8‰~17.2‰,据此计算流体的δ¹⁸O_H2O值为5.5‰~8.5‰,流体的δD_V-SMOW值为-61‰~-96‰;而石英-贫硫化物阶段石英δ¹⁸O_V-SMOW值为15.7‰~16.9‰,据此计算流体的δ¹⁸O_H2O值为4.1‰~5.3‰,流体的δD_V-SMOW值为-84‰~-101‰。由此认为：主要成矿阶段成矿流体可能为高温低盐度富CO₂变质热液和低温中高盐度岩浆热液两个端元组成的混合流体;次要成矿阶段成矿流体主要为混合后更均匀的中低温中低盐度热液,但后期明显有大气降水混入。总之,成矿流体的来源、性质及其演化等方面的研究结果进一步证明果洛龙洼金矿为造山型金矿。     

天然钛榴石的穆斯堡尔谱及晶体化学分析

本文收集了一组钛榴石样品,作了穆斯堡尔谱和化学分析。采用各对应双峰等值限制拟合。拟合结果,统计误差X~2均较小。文中还分析了钛榴石结构的阳离子占位情况,并对其五对双峰谱指派如下:Fe~(3+)在[Y]位和(Z)位,Fe~(2+)在{X}和[Y]位,而另一对双峰指派为Fe~(2+){X}→Fe~(3+)(Z)的电荷离域。从化学分析和穆斯堡尔谱数据求出二种方法Fe~(2+)/∑Fe的差值,说明钛榴石中有Ti~(3+)的存在,用此简便方法估算了Ti~(3+)的含量,得出了四面体中阳离子的占位择优为Fe~(3+)>(Al~(3+),Ti~(4+))的结论。     

甘肃天水地区45a来强降水与洪涝灾害特征分析

洪涝灾害是一种常见的自然灾害,对农业生产和人民生活有极大的影响.通过对甘肃天水地区强降水和洪涝灾害事件资料的整理,对其强降水事件、洪涝灾害变化特征以及二者间地联系进行了分析研究.现有资料统计显示,天水地区没出现过整个区域性洪涝灾害,以局地洪涝灾害为主,强降水事件和洪涝灾害具有显著的年代际和季节性变化特征.由于当地的土地蓄水性能很差,一般性的强降水就可能会产生洪涝灾害.随着气候变暖,这一地区的强降水事件和洪涝灾害呈增加趋势,建议当前应加强对局地强降水事件的防范工作.     

DT—1016型阴离子交换树脂分离富集金铂钯

研究了DT－1016型阴离子交换树脂对超痕量Au,Pt,Pd的吸附性能及条件。在0.025mol/L HCl介质中，流出速度为0.5-1.0mL/min时，Au,Pt和Pd的富集效果最佳，吸附率分别为99.72％，99.06％和97.95％，共存离子无显著性影响。用等离子体质谱测定标准物质中Au，Pt和Pd，其结果与标准值基本相符。检出限Au为0.27μg/L，Pt为0.40μg/L，Pd为0.19μg／L。对GBW 07294铂族元素国家标准物质进行精密度试验，RSD（n=8）Au为19．2％，Pt为28.1％，Pd为15.6％。     

脉动压力的紊流分形特征

通过对脉动压力信号时间序列的分析证实了紊流的分形特征.首先,计算脉动压力信号时间序列的关联维数,并将其与动力系统相空间中图形结构的维数联系起来.分析表明,关联维数D_C随嵌入空间维数的不断增大而逐渐趋于定值6C<7,从而证明了相空间中稳定、低维吸引子的存在,也即证明了紊流内在有序性的存在.其次,用线截法从压力信号推求等压面的维数,发现等压面维数随不同压力值的分布与压力脉动的概率密度分布一致,概率密度越大,等压面维数也越高,且等压面的分形特性是局部存在的.     

矿物学填图揭示金矿脉的隐蔽分带性：以玲珑金矿52号脉为例

胶东许多金矿脉的矿物组合很简单,几乎全是石英、黄铁矿,难于进行分带性研究。通过对玲珑金矿52号脉的矿物学填图研究,发现该矿脉从上向下,黄铁矿的晶体形态{111}减少而{210}增加,+α值减小,P导型减少而N导型增加;石英的热发光强度增大。这些物性参数在矿脉空间的规律性变化,揭示了外观很单一的矿脉内部隐蔽着的空间分带性,并发现与金矿化强度有密切关系。研究结果还表明,52号脉在海拔+170m以上主要为上部矿体特征,受剥蚀程度不大,深部远景还大;成矿热液近于直立运移并具有水平方向的等距波动性;预测三个区段深部应保持良好矿化。以后的钻探工程证实了预测。     

Investigations and assessment of the landslide hazards of Fengdu county in the reservoir region of the Three Gorges project on the Yangtze River

The spatial database of landslides in Fengdu County of the reservoir region of the Three Gorges project (TGP) on the Yangtze River was compiled from a variety of different sources including field investigations on landslides, existing catalogues and archives on landslides, reports of meteorological events and human engineering activities that triggered slope failures. The major factors that are found to have affected the slope stabilities are outlined, and an assessment and zonation of landslide hazards of the region is made using an integrated information model, which is divided into destructive, disastrous, likely disastrous and essentially non-disastrous areas from the assessment of landslide hazards. The destructive and disastrous areas are respectively 1.9 and 13.8% of the total region, mostly being nearby townships, highways along the south bank of the Yangtze River and residential quarters along two flanks of the Yangtze River and its distributaries, that will impose direct impact to highway transportation and residential lives, and may effect to some degree the navigation of the Yangtze River, reservoir banks, and building of cities and towns.     

西藏羊八井热田地热流体成因及演化的惰性气体制约

地热流体中惰性气体的相对丰度和同位素组成，不仅可以揭露热田的热源性质，而且还能够揭示深，浅层地热流体的内在联系和演化过程等。在西藏羊八井热田的地热气体中，已检测出大量的^4He组分，3He/^4He值是大气的0．087－0．259倍，表明深部地壳物质的局部熔融为热田提供能量，浅层地热流体的3He/4He 值自西北向东南呈降低趋势，与热储温度的变化相一致，反映出侧向运移时补充了更多的壳源氦，热田北区深层地热流体具有稍高的3He/4He值，是浅层地热流体的母源，气体中氪和氙的相对丰度具有大气降水成因的特征，结合现有的实际资料，建立了热田地热流体的概念模型。     

2014年4月大气环流和天气分析

2014年4月大气环流特征为,北半球极涡呈单极型分布,中心位于喀拉海北端附近;亚洲大陆东部高压脊强度偏强,导致4月我国气温较常年同期(11.0℃)偏高1.1℃,为1961年同期以来第五高值。东亚大槽强度和位置、南支系统和西北太平洋副热带高压接近常年平均状况。4月全国平均降水量为43.7 mm,比常年同期略偏少。月内,江南南部和华南等地出现短时强降水、雷雨大风等强对流天气;北方地区出现多次沙尘天气过程;此外,部分站次出现极端高温、极端降温事件。