我国北方新生代玄武岩地下水化学特征及其成因——以河北省张北县为例

为了进一步了解我国北方新生代玄武岩地下水的赋存规律和形成演化机理,以河北省张北县玄武岩地下水为研究对象,在野外采集地下水样、测定水化学和同位素组成的基础上,利用统计分析、离子比例系数、氢氧同位素、反向地球化学模拟等方法,对区内玄武岩地下水的水化学形成机制进行了研究。结果表明:沿地下水径流方向,研究区内玄武岩地下水中多数离子质量浓度呈现增大趋势,补给区的地下水化学类型以HCO₃-Ca·Mg为主,TDS质量浓度多小于500mg/L,排泄区地下水中阴离子以Cl^-和SO₄^2-为主,阳离子以Na⁺为主,TDS质量浓度多大于1 400mg/L;研究区地下水补给来源为当地大气降水;硅铝酸盐、岩盐、硫酸盐的风化溶解是地下水中离子的主要来源;溶滤作用、阳离子交替吸附作用和农业施肥等人类活动影响是控制地下水化学形成的主要作用。     

Fractional derivative modelling for rheological consolidation of multilayered soil under time-dependent loadings and continuous permeable boundary conditions

Acta Geotechnica - This paper investigates the one-dimensional rheological consolidation problem of multilayered soils subjected to different time-dependent loadings and continuous permeable...     

An experimental study on the time-dependent behavior of crushable granular materials using 3D-printed particles

Acta Geotechnica - This paper aimed to investigate the potential capability of using 3D-printed particles to study the time-dependent behavior of a typical crushable granular material, i.e.,...     

Interactions between hydrocarbon-bearing fluids and calcite in fused silica capillary capsules and geological implications for deeply-buried hydrocarbon reservoirs

During the burial processes of deep/ultra-deep hydrocarbon reservoirs,the interactions between hydrocarbon-bearing fluids and reservoirs significantly affect the quality evolution of hydrocarbons and reservoirs;thus,this topic requires further investigation.In this study,the continuous evolution and the coupling mechanisms in various anhydrous and hydrous nC₁₆H₃₄-(water)-(calcite)systems in fused silica capillary capsules(FSCCs)were investigated using laser Raman spectroscopy,fluorescence color analysis,and fluorescence spectroscopy,and the mineral alterations were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The experimental results show that extensive organic-inorganic interactions occur in the systems if water is present,and different inorganic components have different effects on hydrocarbon degradation.Distilled water promotes freeradical thermal cracking and steps oxidation,forming more low-molecular-weight hydrocarbons,CO₂,and organic acids(e.g.,acetic acids)but suppresses the free-radical cross-linking,generating less high-molecular-weight hydrocarbons.However,in the presence of CaCl₂ water,the yields of hydrocarbon gases are lower than in the distilled water system because high concentrations of Ca ions inhibit the generation of free radicals.Calcites,which exhibit different surface reactivities in different fluid conditions,affect hydrocarbon degradation in different ways.In the anhydrous nC16H34-calcite system,calcites promote the generation of both hydrocarbon gases and high-molecular-weight hydrocarbons.In contrast,in the hydrous nC16H34-distilled(CaCl₂)watercalcite system,calcites promote the generation of hydrocarbon gases and suppress the generation of high-molecular-weight hydrocarbons.Calcite also reacts with organic acids via surface reactions to form secondary pores.Therefore,except for the formation temperature and pressure,organic-inorganic interactions are controlled by multiple factors,such as the water saturation,water type,water salinity,and the mineral content,resulting in different evolutions of the hydrocarbon degradation and reservoir properties.     

Multi-scale climate variations and mechanisms of the onset and withdrawal of the South China Sea summer monsoon

Science China Earth Sciences - The onset of the South China Sea summer monsoon (SCSSM) heralds the establishment of the large-scale East Asian summer monsoon and the western North Pacific summer...     

Temporal evolution of the focal mechanism consistency of the 2021 Yangbi MS 6.4 earthquake sequence in Yunnan

Using the Cut And Paste (CAP) method, we invert the focal mechanism of 38 moderate earthquakes (M_S ≥ 3.0) recorded by Yunnan seismic network and analyze the corresponding focal mechanism consistency based on the minimum spatial rotation angle. Our results indicate that the M_S 6.4 mainshock is induced by a lateral strike slip fault (with a rake angle of ～ ?165°) and a little normal-faulting component event along a nearly vertical plane (dipping angle～ 79° and strike ～138°). Combining our results with high resolution catalog, we argue that the seismogenic fault of this earthquake sequence is a secondary fault western to the major Weixi-Qiaohou-Weishan fault. The focal mechanism evolution can be divided into three periods. During the first period, the foreshock sequence, the focal mechanism consistency is the highest (KA<36°); during the second period which is shortly after the mainshock, the focal mechanism shows strong variation with KA ranging from 8° to 110°; during the third period, the seismicity becomes weak and the focal mechanism of the earthquakes becomes more consistent than the second period (18°<KA<73°). We suggest that the KA, to some extent, represents the coherence between local tectonic stress regime and the stress state of each individual earthquake. Furthermore, high focal mechanism consistency and high linearity of seismic distribution may serve as indicators for the identification of foreshock sequence.     

内蒙古科右中旗两类基性岩的年代学、地球化学及其构造意义

兴蒙造山带东段晚古生代构造演化存在争议,基性岩浆作用是构造演化过程中的良好地质记录. 对贺根山缝合带东段内蒙古科右中旗构造混杂岩带内的杜尔基基性岩和甲哈达基性岩进行了系统的地质特征、岩相学、年代学和地球化学研究. 杜尔基基性岩岩性为枕状玄武岩和辉绿岩,辉绿岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄为348.3±2.6 Ma,为低钾拉斑玄武系列,相对富集LILE,亏损Nb、Ta等高场强元素. 甲哈达基性岩岩性主要为玄武岩,锆石U-Pb年龄为317.6±3.0 Ma,为钙碱性系列,同样具有HFSE亏损和LILE富集的特点,与杜尔基基性岩相比更加富集LILE和LREE. 结合贺根山缝合带早石炭世蛇绿岩及洋内俯冲作用的研究成果,认为从杜尔基基性岩到甲哈达基性岩的演化,可能指示了古亚洲洋东段早-晚石炭世洋内俯冲的渐进过程,洋内弧从不成熟向逐渐成熟演化.      

Melut盆地富含CO2油气藏的成因及期次

Palogue油田的发现打开了Melut盆地古近系勘探新方向,证实了北部凹陷为富油气凹陷.Palogue油田具有以下白垩统为主力烃源岩,古近系为主力成藏组合的跨时代运聚风格,幔源CO₂气体对油气的聚集和改造具有不可忽略的作用.通过对CO₂气体、原油特征、生标特征、包裹体特征进行研究,结合地层埋藏史,分析油气特征及成藏期次.结果表明:Palogue油田具有两期成藏的特征,古近纪中期发生第1期油气成藏事件,随后原油被降解;古近纪晚期-新近纪以来,伴随幔源CO₂气体油气发生第2次运移充注事件,且CO₂气体对油藏进行了强烈的气洗作用.      

广西防城港地区浅层地下水pH值时空分布、成因及对生态环境的影响

【研究目的】查明防城港地区浅层偏酸性地下水时空分布、成因及环境影响。【研究方法】于2013—2015年间进行了浅层地下水pH值现场测试,枯水期214组,丰水期168组;讨论了其时空分布特征、成因和生态影响。【研究结果】结果表明,丰水期和枯水期偏酸性（pH <6.5）地下水样分别占79.3%和64.3%,pH值总体上丰水期低于枯水期。地下水pH值在低山区（均在5≤pH＜5.5范围,平均值5.18,n=4）＜丘陵区（大多数5≤pH＜6.5,平均值5.18,n=202）＜平原区（大多数6.5≤pH＜8.5,平均值6.77,n=8）。【结论】偏酸性地下水成因主要与偏酸性大气降水有关,其次与酸性的包气带介质及硫化物矿物的氧化有关。偏酸性大气降水入渗补给是丰水期pH值低于枯水期的主要原因。相比较而言,潮汐作用使得江平地区地下水pH值升高。偏酸性地下水影响饮水安全（研究区枯水期仅20.6%的样品pH值符合生活饮用水标准）,促进某些有害组分的释放,腐蚀地下管网和建筑桩基等设施。偏酸性地下水向地表水排泄亦可对地表水环境和地表生态系统产生影响。本研究有助于研究区水资源管理。创新点：本研究利用地质调查项目数据优势,系统阐述了防城港地区浅层偏酸性地下水时空分布特征;偏酸性地下水的成因与偏酸性大气降水、酸性包气带介质和硫化物矿物氧化有关;偏酸性地下水对人类健康、地下设施和生态环境具有潜在影响。