Estimation of Rice Yield with a Process-Based Model and Remote Sensing Data in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River of China

Accurate simulation of rice yield is very important and vital for agriculture and food security. This study has analyzed the applicability of the RS-P-YEC (the remote-sensing-photosynthesis-yield estimation for crops) model for the rice yield simulation of the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River (MLRYR) in China. The simulated rice yield was compared with the actual statistical dataset, so as to obtain the accuracy of the model results. The results showed that the correlation coefficients (R) between simulated rice yield and statistical data is 0.708 (P < 0.01), the average relative errors were 9, 6.5, 7.2 %, and the root mean square errors were 777.5, 606.4, 693.4 kg/ha in 2007, 2008 and 2009, respectively. It indicated that the RS-P-YEC model can be used to estimate rice yield in the MLRYR region of China.     

无人机与国产高分技术在“6·24”茂县滑坡灾情应急监测中的应用

本文运用无人机与国产高分技术获取了“6·24”茂县特大滑坡灾区数据源,分析了本次滑坡成因,利用无人机航摄数据与国产高分遥感数据开展了灾区受灾前后灾情对比,结合本次滑坡事故形成过程及受灾情况等信息,初步判识出灾区周边有4处疑似地灾隐患点.结果表明,无人机与国产高分技术相结合,可实现灾区应急地形生成与形变监测,对地灾潜在隐患的早期识别、发现及滑坡灾后灾情应急监测具有一定的指导意义.     

基于国家基准站的北斗数据质量分析

GNSS数据质量可为高精度数据处理提供基础性的参考信息,目前GPS数据质量检查方法成熟且数据资源丰富,而北斗数据质量缺少系统全面的分析。该文介绍北斗观测数据质量检查内容和方法,并基于国家基准站计算了北斗数据多路径效应、周跳、信噪比等质量结果,分析了北斗质量特性和影响因素,并将北斗与GPS进行了对比。结果表明,北斗数据多路径误差、信噪比等质量指标与高度角和信号频率有关,在相同环境下北斗数据质量在多路径误差方面优于GPS数据质量,信噪比方面北斗SN2优于GPS,SN1和SN3较GPS稍差。     

Spatiotemporal variability of four precipitation-based drought indices in Xinjiang,China

Global increases in duration and prevalence of droughts require detailed drought characterization at various spatial and temporal scales. In this study, drought severity in Xinjiang, China was investigated between 1961 and 2012. Using meteorological data from 55 weather stations, the UNEP (1993) index (I _A), Erinç’s aridity index (I _m), and Sahin’s aridity index (I _sh) were calculated at the monthly and annual timescales and compared to the Penman-Monteith based standard precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI_PM). Drought spatiotemporal variability was analyzed for north (NX), south (SX), and entire Xinjiang (EX). I _m could not be calculated at 51 stations in winter as T _max was below 0. At the monthly timescale, I _A, I _m, and I _sh correlated poorly to SPEI_PM because of seasonality and temporal variability, but annual I _A, I _m, and I _sh correlated well with SPEI_PM. Annual I _A, I _m, and I _sh showed strong spatial variability. The 15 extreme droughts denoted by monthly SPEI_PM occurred in NX but out of phase in SX. Annual precipitation, maximum temperature, and relative and specific humidity increased, while air pressure and potential evapotranspiration decreased over 1961–2012. The resulting increases in the four drought indices indicated that drought severity in Xinjiang decreased, because the local climate became warmer and wetter.

     

Simulating urban land-use changes at a large scale by integrating dynamic land parcel subdivision and vector-based cellular automata

Cellular automata (CA) have been widely used to simulate complex urban development processes. Previous studies indicated that vector-based cellular automata (VCA) could be applied to simulate urban land-use changes at a realistic land parcel level. Because of the complexity of VCA, these studies were conducted at small scales or did not adequately consider the highly fragmented processes of urban development. This study aims to build an effective framework called dynamic land parcel subdivision (DLPS)-VCA to accurately simulate urban land-use change processes at the land parcel level. We introduce this model in urban land-use change simulations to reasonably divide land parcels and introduce a random forest algorithm (RFA) model to explore the transition rules of urban land-use changes. Finally, we simulate the land-use changes in Shenzhen between 2009 and 2014 via the proposed DLPS-VCA model. Compared to the advanced Patch-CA and RFA-VCA models, the DLPS-VCA model achieves the highest simulation accuracy (Figure-of-Merit = 0.232), which is 32.57% and 18.97% higher respectively, and is most similar to the actual land-use scenario (similarity = 94.73%) at the pattern level. These results indicate that the DLPS-VCA model can both accurately split the land during urban land-use changes and significantly simulate urban expansion and urban land-use changes at a fine scale. Furthermore, the land-use change rules that are based on DPLS-VCA mining and the simulation results of several future urban development scenarios can act as guides for future urban planning policy formulation.     

瘢痕子宫患者采用药物终止早期妊娠的治疗效果观察

目的 探讨合并瘢痕子宫患者采用药物流产终止早期妊娠的治疗效果。方法 收集2014年1月~2015年12月新疆医科大学第二附属医院妇科合并瘢痕子宫患者早期妊娠采用药物流产的病例215例作为病例组,未合并瘢痕子宫者574例作为对照组,均给予相同剂量的米非司酮及米索前列醇进行药物流产,观察两组完全流产、不全流产、流产失败的概率,孕囊排出时间,阴道流血量及不良反应。结果 病例组药物流产成功率为87.4%,对照组的药物流产成功率为89.1%,二者差异无统计学意义;病例组在服用米索前列醇后孕囊排出时间平均为4.24h,对照组为2.57h,二者比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;两组患者出血量均集中在50~80ml,其中病例组中阴道出血量>80ml占21.4%,对照组为13.3%,且二者比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;两组均未发生严重的不良反应,主要为恶心、呕吐、腹泻等胃肠道反应,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 合并瘢痕子宫患者采用药物流产术终止早期妊娠是可行的,但需密切观察患者服药后孕囊排出时间、阴道出血量及药物的不良反应。     

子宫动脉栓塞术治疗子宫肌瘤的临床效果及对卵巢功能的影响

目的 探讨子宫动脉栓塞术（UAE）治疗子宫肌瘤的临床效果其及对卵巢功能的影响。方法 收集2014年6月~2015年7月在笔者医院就诊的自愿接受子宫动脉栓塞治疗的子宫肌瘤患者50例,均在月经干净后3~7天内采用Seldinger技术进行股动脉穿刺,双侧子宫动脉经动脉造影证实后实施子宫动脉栓塞治疗。结果 50例患者均成功行子宫动脉栓塞术,有患者于术后1~3天均出现了不同程度地下腹痛、发热、少量阴道出血、排液等症状。持续4~6天后大多数可好转,所有患者均未出现严重并发症。所有患者于术后3、6、12个月分别行超声复查子宫与瘤体体积,术后随访患者血红蛋白、LH和HSH水平,多个时间点的重复测量资料首先采用重复测量方差分析,两两比较采用配对t检验,结果显示子宫与瘤体体积均缩小,随着UAE时间延长,子宫及瘤体体积均进行性缩小,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;UAE术后3、6、12个月血红蛋白水平均较术前有了不同程度的提高,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;UAE术前、术后3、6、12个月LH、FSH水平均无明显变化,UAE术前、术后差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 采用子宫动脉栓塞术治疗子宫肌瘤方法简单、创伤小、恢复快,并且术后对卵巢功能影响较小,是一种治疗子宫肌瘤全新的、安全有效的方法,临床上有广泛的应用前景。     

喜马拉雅山南坡冬季暴雪对高原南部冰芯中稳定同位素记录的影响

聂拉木气象站降水中 δ18O的变化表明 ,夏季降水中 δ18O为一低值阶段 ;冬季降水中 δ18O总的来说为一高值阶段 ,但冬季暴风雪中δ18O的值和夏季强的季风活动中降水的δ18O一样很低。由于该地区冬季降水十分活跃 ,冬季降水中 δ18O的变化对该地区冰芯记录将产生重要的影响。首先是用δ18O的季节变化来对冰芯定年产生一定的困难 ,其次喜马拉雅山中段冰芯中的δ18O记录不仅包括了夏季季风活动的强弱信息 ,而且冬季强的暴风雪过程也记录在内。     

基于B样条小波变换的矢量地图数据压缩及边界处理

在离散小波变换的快速Mallat算法基础上，根据小波滤波器的特点，提出了一种基于B样条小波变换的矢量数据压缩的边界处理的方法，该方法经袂现可以保证压缩后的数据能如实的反映原数据的特性和规律性。     

超站仪定位系统概述

论述了超站仪定位系统的定义、研究思想与目标，系统的构成和功能；该系统是对现有测量作业方法的较大改革。由于它的普遍性、方便性、灵活性和经济性，必然有广泛的应用前景。