Early Cretaceous Climate Changes Recorded in Magnetic Susceptibility and Color Index Variations of the Lower Liupanshan Group, Central China

This study carried out comprehensive analysis on sedimentology, magnetic susceptibility(χlf) and color data of the continental sediments of the Liupanshan Group in Central China so as to obtain climatic change information during the 129.14–122.98 Ma interval. Based on the results of the ?lf and of the redness(a*), the section can be divided into two segments:(1) 129.14–126.3 Ma, with the lowest ?lf values and strongly variable relatively high values of redness and(2) 126.3–122.98 Ma, with high ?lf values and relatively low redness. Analysis of the lithology and facies as well as the magnetic minerals and their contents points to a detrital origin of the magnetic minerals and this allow us to interpret the relationship between magnetic susceptibility variations and climate changes. Our study shows that the climate was significantly dry and hot during the whole studied interval although the interval between 126.3 Ma and 122.98 was a little bit cooler with increased humidity.     

Comparative Study of the Carbon Emission Situation and Goals between China and India

As the two large developing and populous countries, China and India face the dual challenges of economic development and climate change. Both of them are active in carbon emissions reduction, while India also bears the pressure of being “benchmarked” against China. With taking China and India as the sample of a comparative analysis, and the statistical value of a long sequence as the basic analysis data, based on the detailed analysis and comparison of carbon emissions history, the carbon emissions situation of the two countries from various dimensions including economic development, energy reserves and consumption, etc. were comparatively analyzed. The carbon intensity and energy structure after achieving the objectives were measured and compared by focusing on the carbon emissions reduction targets in China and India. The comparative results show that: China’s total carbon emissions are greater than India’s, but the growth rate of emissions, per capita emissions are significantly lower than India’s, while the carbon intensity decreases significantly faster than that of India. China has taken more efforts to make commitments to carbon reduction than India. With India’s energy structure adjustment, the situation will be gradually better than that in China.     

Magnetic Influences of Cement Dust on Soil in Industrial Area and Its Environmental Implications

To monitor environmental implications of cement dust on soil in industrial area, magnetic parameters and mineral compositions were measured by the samples of the cement dust, cement factory dustfall, cement, coal ash, topsoil of green space in the factory and topsoil outside the factory. Results showed that the major magnetic minerals in the samples were magnetite, the magnetic mineral particle size of cement dust, dustfall, cement and coal ash was coarse Multi-Domian (MD) and Pseudo-Single-Domain (PSD). As topsoil of green space in the factory and topsoil outside the factory were polluted by cement dust, their magnetic properties had been obviously changed; the concentration of magnetic minerals elevated and particle size became coarser. The magnetic parameters (χ_fd,χ_ARM/χ,χ_ARM/SIRM) value can reflect the pollution level of the soil, the lower its value was, the more serious soil was polluted. X-ray diffraction results showed that the mineral compositions of the topsoil of green space in the factory and topsoil outside the factory were quartz and calcite, which were the same as cement dust. Magnetic parameters combination characteristics of topsoil can monitor the soil environmental changes in cement industry area.     

三维高密度电阻率法在堤坝工程中的模拟试验

为检测堤坝中裂隙、洞穴及渗漏层等隐患的存在,利用三维高密度电阻率法对数字模型和物理模型建立的裂隙隐患进行探测,结果表明室内建立的物理模型在立体图和分层切片图中裂隙的形态有些变化,但其分布范围、位置与相对各自模型中实际的比例尺寸相差不大,说明数值模拟得出的结论可以为实际工程进行理论指导,具有一定的参考价值。     

安徽省地质灾害气象预报预警模型研究

通过对基于地质环境信息平台的地质灾害气象预报预警模型构建进行了探讨。拟在先期已具备的地质灾害预警分区、地质灾害易发分区基础上,以地质灾害"易发度"、预报降雨量、有效降雨量为因子,采用logistic回归模型确定各个评价单元的预警等级,经插值计算、图斑合并,实现地质灾害气象风险预警。     

拉萨地块林芝杂岩体石榴角闪岩的地球化学特征和年代学研究

本文对位于青藏高原拉萨地体东南缘林芝杂岩中的两类石榴角闪岩进行了详细的地球化学和锆石U-Pb年代学研究。这两类石榴角闪岩分别为硅不饱和的含十字石石榴角闪岩和硅饱和的含石英石榴角闪岩。含十字石石榴角闪岩矿物组合为十字石、石榴子石、角闪石、钠云母、绿泥石、斜长石。石英石榴角闪岩矿物组合为石榴子石、角闪石、石英、斜长石、黑云母。岩石学及变质相平衡研究表明两类石榴角闪岩均经历了高压角闪岩相变质作用。含十字石石榴角闪岩和石英石榴角闪岩具有MORB的地球化学特征,锆石U-Pb年代学分析获得了800~200 Ma的206Pb/238U年龄范围,出现了~430 Ma、~268 Ma和~216 Ma年龄峰值。~430 Ma年龄可能和拉萨地体岩浆活动有关,~268 Ma变质年龄和~216 Ma变质年龄和拉萨地块经历的高压变质作用有关。其中~268 Ma年龄和拉萨地块内部松多高压带榴辉岩的峰期变质年龄一致,而~216 Ma年龄和榴辉岩的围岩含石榴子石片岩年龄一致。对比该区域的年代学研究成果,这表明林芝杂岩体不仅经历了中新生代的变质和岩浆再造活动,还经历了古特提斯洋闭合,南北拉萨地块发生碰撞的晚二叠世的高压变质作用和三叠纪的中压变质作用。     

澳大利亚地球探测计划研究进展

AuScope计划是澳大利亚2007年启动的新一轮的地球探测计划, 其目标是在澳大利亚建立一个从时间到空间, 从地壳到地核, 从地球空间到地质科学范畴内的世界级的研究架构, 包括数据采集、管理、建模和模拟等。在2007年启动以来, 澳大利亚NCRIS资助4280万美元, 其中1580万用来发展一个改进的地理空间参考系统, 2700万用于地球物理探测和地球化学分析。同时, 有超过7000万美元由合作投资者提供。头期赞助的计划项目已经于2011年6月完成。随后教育投资基金(Education Investment Fund)继续给予 2300万美元资助, 主要是建立一个新的澳大利亚地球物理观测系统(Australian Geophysical Observing System), 通过收集新的地表地球空间和深部探测和监测原始数据, 提供人们对澳大利亚现今地壳物理状态的更好理解认识。同时, 项目合作者后期将会在未来投入8200万美元来共同完成AGOS计划的完成。总之, AuScope计划已经超越了初期设想的研究目标, 同时在后期获得资助的AGOS研究中, 将进一步挖掘AuScope计划所获得的数据和成果认识, 并迎合我们对地球物理资源问题的解决, 研究区域主要集中于澳大利亚具有丰富资源的沉积盆地中。     

贵州织金下寒武统黑色页岩矿物岩石成分及资源利用特征

通过野外采样、化学分析、电子探针(EPMA)和X射线衍射(XRD)分析等手段,研究了贵州织金地区黑色页岩矿物成分、化学组分、微量元素、稀土元素特征。研究区矿样化学成分以SiO_2和Al_2O_3为主,且具有高K低Na的特征。电子探针和X射线衍射分析表明,研究区黑色页岩主要矿物组成有石英、粘土矿物、白云石及黄铁矿等。织金黑色页岩中Pb、Ni、U、V、Cr等金属元素存在不同程度的富集,稀土元素总量为153.2×10~(-6)~224.89×10~(-6),属轻稀土元素富集型。同时从多金属层、页岩气、页岩提钾及近底部含磷铀矿资源等方面讨论了织金黑色页岩资源化利用。织金黑色页岩多金属层含有Mo、V、Ni、Ag及U等多金属元素,具综合利用价值;其中有机碳含量达到页岩气开发大于2%的条件,可进一步开展研究;页岩中伊利石含量较多,可提取黑色页岩中的钾制备含钾复合肥;黑色页岩底部与磷矿层接触带产出磷铀矿,主要为胶状磷铀矿,接触带可作为铀矿找矿的标志层。     

新疆西天山铁木里克铁矿床火山岩锆石U-Pb年代学、岩石地球化学特征及地质意义

铁木里克铁矿位于西天山阿吾拉勒铁铜成矿带中段,矿床围岩为一套以粗面安山岩、安山岩和流纹岩为主的连续变化的中酸性火山岩。本文通过对铁木里克铁矿床火山岩进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年,并且结合Hf同位素和岩石地球化学研究,对火山岩的形成时代以及大地构造背景进行探讨。锆石LA-ICP-MS测年结果显示,粗面安山岩、安山岩以及流纹岩的测年结果分别是318.8±2.3Ma、320.8±2.5Ma和319.1±3.5Ma。地球化学分析表明该套火山岩属于高钾钙碱性-钾玄岩系列,富集轻稀土元素(LREE)和大离子亲石元素(LILE;如Rb、Th、K),重稀土元素(HREE)配分平坦,同时具有Nb、Ta的强烈亏损,具有明显的岛弧火山岩地球化学特征。在火山岩的大地构造判别图解上,样品点都落在了大陆弧部分。锆石的Hf同位素显示εHf(t)具有一致的变化范围(+6.2~+12.0),指示火山岩具有相同的岩浆来源,都是来源于早古生代新生陆壳的重熔,形成于相同的构造岩浆背景下。结合区域地质资料,本文认为铁木里克铁矿床出露的这套高钾钙碱性-钾玄岩系列火山岩可能是南天山洋闭合末期到陆陆碰撞早期大陆弧岩浆作用的产物。     

北方某经济开发区地下水污染调查评价

本文应用污染指数法,对北方某经济开发区及周边地下水水质进行了污染评价,结果表明研究区地下水水质以轻污染和中污染为主,局部地区出现较重污染,主要指标为硝酸盐氮、三氯甲烷和三氯乙烯。通过对工业废水、再生水、河水水质的检测,发现研究区地表水水质与污水处理厂再生水排放密切相关,地下水污染很可能与开发区企业排污有关。由于开发区所处位置的环境敏感性和脆弱性,建议今后在开发区及附近继续开展相关研究,进一步查明地下水的硝酸盐氮及有机污染物来源、污染途径,建立完善的监测体系,以便及时切断污染源,保障城市及当地供水安全。