L21雷电预警系统在前兆防雷中的应用

L21雷电预警系统在呼和浩特基准地震台防雷击试运行发现,雷电到来发出预警并自动切换电源,对前兆设备防雷击起到关键作用,为替代人工断电措施提供安全保障,保证观测记录的正常运行。     

土壤冻融过程对祁连山森林土壤碳氮的影响

利用祁连山区3个气象站常年监测的冻土与温度资料,研究了0~60 cm层次土壤有机碳和全氮分布及与海拔高度、土壤温度的关系,并在室内模拟研究了冻融过程（-20~15 ℃）对祁连山青海云杉林和高山灌丛林土壤有机碳和氮矿化过程的影响. 结果表明：土壤的有机碳和全氮含量随海拔上升呈增加趋势,土壤有机碳和全氮含量与海拔呈显著正相关关系,与土壤温度呈显著负相关关系. 室内模拟实验表明,经过多次冻融循环过程,冻融处理抑制了土壤有机碳矿化过程,对照处理土壤有机碳矿化速率高于冻融处理. 冻融次数也是影响土壤有机氮矿化的一个重要因素,经过42次冻融,青海云杉林和高山灌丛林土壤中有机氮质量分数分别提高了2.42倍和2.82倍. 土壤冻融过程促进了土壤有机氮的矿化,有利于土壤中有效氮的累积.     

城市地下管线共享平台建设模式探讨

针对地下管线信息孤立建设、分散管理的现状,提出了省、市、县三级地下管线信息共享建设的设计模式,深入分析了不同级别的地下管线信息管理和应用的需求,设计了省、市、县三级地下管线共享平台的建设框架,对地下管线信息集成管理、共享应用具有一定的指导意义。     

鄂尔多斯盆地富县探区三叠系延长组震积岩及其地质意义

通过对26口井岩心观察,结合区域构造背景,在鄂尔多斯盆地富县探区三叠系延长组中识别出典型的震积岩。该区震积岩代表性沉积构造有液化砂脉、液化卷曲变形、环状层理、负载构造、球枕构造、微断层、微裂缝、震裂岩与震碎角砾岩,其中液化砂脉和液化卷曲变形是地震引起的主要软沉积变形构造。震积岩垂向序列划分为两类:一种以脆性变形为主,自下向上依次为下伏未震层,扰动层,微断层、微裂缝及震裂岩层段,液化卷曲变形层段,震碎角砾岩层段,液化砂脉层段及上覆未震层;另一种以软沉积变形为主,自下至上依次为下伏未震层,环状层段,扰动层,球枕构造及负载构造层段,液化砂脉及液化卷曲变形层,枕状层及上覆未震层。富县探区延长组中的震积岩说明在该盆地晚三叠世存在一个强地震事件活跃期;震积岩中的微裂缝、微断层、震裂岩及液化砂脉可改善储集层物性,同时震碎角砾岩和网状砂脉也是良好的储集层。     

Seasonal variations of number size distributions and mass concentrations of atmospheric particles in Beijing

Particle number and mass concentrations were measured in Beijing during the winter and summer periods in 2003, together with some other parameters including black carbon (BC) and meteorological conditions. Particle mass concentrations exhibited low seasonality, and the ratio of PM2.5/PM10 in winter was higher than that in summer. Particle number size distribution (PSD) was characterized by four modes and exhibited low seasonality. BC was well correlated with the number and mass concentrations of accumulation and coarse particles, indicating these size particles are related to anthropogenic activities.Particle mass and number concentrations (except ultra-fine and nucleation particles) followed well the trends of 13C concentration for the majority of the day, indicating that most particles were associated with primary emissions. The diurnal number distributions of accumulation and coarse mode particles were characterized by two peaks.     

毛乌素沙地现代沙丘沙的粒度特征及其意义

对毛乌素沙地不同类型41个现代沙丘的沙粒度分析结果表明,流动沙丘沙主要由细沙和中沙组成,平均粒径为2.17 Φ;固定-半固定沙丘沙的主要粒级是细沙和极细沙,平均粒径为3.09 Φ。流动沙丘沙平均粒径整体自西北到东南减小,而分选性总体表现为中等-较好,无明显空间变化规律。概率累计曲线和粒度特征参数散点图表明,毛乌素沙地沙丘沙以跃移搬运方式为主,存在着就地起沙和就地堆积的可能。平均粒径和分选性空间变化规律的差异,是在频繁强烈的风沙活动环境下物源和大气环流共同作用的结果。     

桂林丫吉岩溶区土壤有机碳和pH值与钙形态分布的关系初探

钙是岩溶环境的主要构成元素,是决定岩溶生态系统的结构和功能的关键要素之一。为研究岩溶区土壤有机碳和p H值与钙形态分布的关系,在桂林丫吉岩溶试验场以3个月为周期共2年的时间采集自然植被土壤,利用BCR方法对钙形态进行了研究,结果表明:(1)岩溶区各形态钙中以酸溶态钙含量最多,占土壤全钙的61.63%,表明岩溶区石灰土中钙活跃的迁移状态和生物作用,钙在石灰土中具有较高的活度。并且各形态钙的大小顺序为酸溶态可还原态残渣态可氧化态;(2)除可氧化态钙与土壤有机碳的相关性不显著外,各形态的钙与土壤有机碳之间均呈极显著正相关的关系(P0.01);与土壤有机碳类似,除可氧化态钙与p H值呈不显著的负相关关系外,其余土壤钙形态与p H值均呈极显著正相关关系(P0.01)。(3)利用冗余分析可以对各形态钙与有机碳和p H值的关系大小进行排序,各形态钙与有机碳和p H的关系大小顺序均为:可还原态钙酸溶态钙残渣态钙可氧化态钙。研究结果有助于更清晰的了解钙在岩溶生态系统中的分布和运动特征,为深入理解岩溶区钙循环提供基础数据。     

Deposition of duststorm particles during 2000–2012 in the South Yellow Sea,China based on satellite data

In this study,about 220 satellite images between 2000 and 2012 were obtained from FY-series,MODIS,CBERS,HJ-1A and HJ-1B to estimate the impact of duststorms on the South Yellow Sea(SYS),which serve as an important source of particles there.The analyzing results from the images support a total occurrence of 88 duststorms(including the locally-generated dusty weather) that affected the SYS during 2000–2012.The annual occurrence was about 4–10 times(10 times in 2000 and 2004;four times in 2009 and 2012),predominantly in March(29%),April(33%) and May(22%).By mapping the distribution of their frequency,the duststorms influencing the SYS were found primarily moving from the northwest(39 times,44.3%) and west(37 times,42%) to the study region with only 11 duststorms(12.5%) coming from the north and 1 duststorm(1%) from the southwest.We estimated that an annual amount of 0.5–3.5 million tons of sediment particles was brought to the SYS by the duststorms during 2000–2012.     

Vertical impedance of tapered piles considering the vertical reaction of surrounding soil and construction disturbance

The pile–soil system is divided into layers of sufficient number such that the shear stiffness at the pile–soil interface can be determined based on the complex stiffness transfer method. The vertical reaction of surrounding soil on the annular projections at the interface of adjacent pile segments is simplified using Voigt model, whose spring and damping coefficients are derived afterward, allowing an amended impedance function transfer method to be proposed. Using the amended impedance function transfer method, the dynamic equilibrium equation of the pile is solved to give an analytical solution for the impedance function at the pile top. By comparing the solution proposed in this paper with other solutions, the superiority of the bearing capacity of a tapered pile is further confirmed. A parameter study is then conducted to give insight into the coupled interaction of the vertical reaction of the surrounding soil with construction disturbance in the low-frequency range concerned in the seismic design of the pile foundations.     

The spatial heterogeneity of riverbed saturated permeability coefficient in the lower reaches of the Heihe River Basin,Northwest China

In arid region, direct infiltration from rainfall contributes little to groundwater compared with localized recharge from streams. How to quantify riverbed infiltration to groundwater systems is an important area of research in hydrology. In this study, saturated permeability coefficient of a riverbed in an arid inland river basin located in the northwest of China was obtained by Guelph Permeameter and laboratory analysis methods. The characteristics of riverbed infiltration and its spatial patterns were analysed using geostatistical method and kriging method. The results showed that the saturated permeability coefficient varied from 0.089 to 2.802 m/d, indicating moderate degree of variability. The Guelph Permeameter and laboratory test methods provided consistent estimates of saturated permeability coefficient. There was a strong spatial correlation for K_fs of the riverbed in this study area when Range (A) was less than 0.276°, suggesting that the maximum sampling distance for saturated permeability coefficient of the riverbed was 0.276° under isotropic conditions. The K_fs near the centre of the riverbed was higher than the value near riverbank. The K_fs values decreased in the direction of upstream to downstream in the Heihe River Basin. The riverbed mechanical composition, initial soil water content and bulk density have significant influence up on the riverbed infiltration. Besides, the topographical factors including the width, altitude and distance factors of the riverbed together impacted the riverbed infiltration and the slope of the riverbed and also influenced the riverbed infiltration. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.