水资源空间分布模型及GIS分析应用

随着社会生产力的持续发展,人类活动范围不断拓宽,不可避免地影响着流域自然水循环过程。因此,在对流域水资源状况进行定量描述时,必须综合考虑自然、人文二元要素的影响。本文选取了近年来水资源短缺和水环境恶化问题严重的京津冀地区为研究对象。根据区内的自然条件和社会发展情况,选取了对水资源空间分布有明显影响的因素。其中距河流远近因素体现了对水资源的开发利用能力;坡度因素代表了土壤的持水能力,对径流和地下水有影响;而土地利用类型因素反映了土壤下垫面的水文特性。通过AHP方法确定上述影响因素的权重,建立水资源空间分布测算模型。根据模型将按流域单元统计的水资源总量数据展布到公里格网上,得到了水资源空间分布结果。最后,通过对空间化水资源数据的分析,剖析了当地的水资源状况,结合"一轴三带"的规划分区思想,对如何进行区域水资源可持续开发利用提出了参考意见。     

Identifying effects of local and nonlocal factors of soil water storage using cyclical correlation analysis

There are various factors governing the spatial and temporal variability of soil water storage including soil properties, topography and vegetation. Some factors act locally, whereas others act nonlocally, which means that a factor measured at one location has effect on soil water storage at another location. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of local and nonlocal controls of soil water storage in a hummocky landscape using cyclical correlation analysis. Soil water storage, soil properties and terrain indices were measured along a 128‐point transect of 576 m long from the semiarid, hummocky, prairie pothole region of North America. There are large coefficients of determination (r²) between soil water storage and sand content (r² = 0.32–0.53), organic carbon content (r² = 0.22–0.56), depth to carbonate layer (r² = 0.13–0.63), wetness index (r² = 0.25–0.45) and other variables at the measurement scale at different times, indicating strong local effects from these variables. The correlation coefficients were also calculated by physically shifting the spatial series of soil water storage with respect to that of controlling factors. The shifting improves the correlation between the spatial series, and the length of shifting indicated the difference in the response of soil water to its controlling factors. For example, the value of r² increased more than eightfold (r² = 0.47–0.64) after shifting the spatial series of soil water storage by 54 m, almost equal to the average length of existing slope, compared with the very weak correlation (r² = 0.02–0.08) at the measurement scale. This indicated the nonlocal effect from the relative elevation. The identification of nonlocal effects from factors improves the prediction of soil water storage. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Correlation Between Total Lightning Activity and Precipitation Particle Characteristics Observed from 34 Thunderstorms

A total of 34 thunderstorms around Shanghai and Wuhan of China are analyzed in order to determine the relationship between total lightning activity and precipitation particle characteristics.Precipitation particle concentration data are obtained from the 2A12 product of TRMM/TMI(Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission/TRMM Microwave Image) and lightning activity data are from the TRMM/LIS(Lightning Imaging Sensor) and SAFIR3000(Surveillance et Alerte Founder par Interferometric Radioelectirque).On a spatial ...     

倾斜固体潮对我国若干地震的触发作用浅析

本文研究了我国历史与现今中强以上地震的发震时刻与倾斜固体潮的关系。结果表明,地震发震时刻位于震中区当天倾斜固体潮的峰值时段上。孤立型地震的发震时刻往往与震中区倾斜固体潮极大值对应;原地重复发生的地震,其发震时刻所处的倾斜固体潮背景相同;逼近地震与主震发震时刻的倾斜固体潮背景相同的占70%;大震后有60%的强余震与主震发震时刻的倾斜固体潮背景相同。据此,成功地预报了门源6.4级地震后的较大余震。     

桃花拉山一带遥感成矿环境浅析

本区位于龙首山山系西部,属甘肃省重要的铜、镍金属矿远景成矿带。利用大比例尺航天、航空像片及计算机功能处理片对桃花拉山一带地质构造作了详细解译,首次圈出青龙山菱块构造和环形构造,结合已有地质、矿产、物化探成果进行综合研究,提出了桃花拉山,青龙山遥感找矿模式,为开展矿产普查工作提供了有效地质信息。     

GPS相位测量轨道改进基线定位

利用GPS载波相位观测值进行基线测定具有重要意义。本文讨论了基线测定中卫星星历误差对定位结果的影响,提出了基线上轨道改进的定位方法,编制了基线测定的定位软件,并使用高精度基线上的实际观测资料进行了计算。计算结果表明在基线上用轨道改进定位方法是可行的,可以提高定位精度。     

邵东保和堂大冶灰岩沉积构造特征

保和堂大冶灰岩中发育丰富的沉积构造,对之研究有助于保和堂、乃至整个湘中的大冶灰岩形成环境的探讨。其第一段岩石发育了丘状波痕、丘状交错层理及粒序层理,是风暴作用的反映;泥裂、水雹痕属于暴露环境。说明大冶灰岩沉积的早期仍属潮上或潮间碳酸盐台地相。中期海水加深,发育了水平层理、变形层理及包卷层理等,近于台地边缘斜坡相。晚期的粒序层理、虫迹等构造,反映了海水再度变浅的趋势。     

卫星轨道力学模型分析

本文分析了目前卫星定轨中采用的轨道力学模型误差状况。使用Ｌａ－ｇｅｏｓ卫星的全球激光测距资料，利用长短弧定轨比较方法，给出了力学模型误差对此卫星的影响特性，并对所采用的力模型进行定性、定量分析。结果表明，卫星长弧定轨误差源来自于力学背景尚不十分清楚的因素。     

东亚梅雨锋暴雨研究进展

对梅雨锋的大尺度环流、梅雨锋的次天气尺度和中尺度特征、梅雨锋低空急流和暴雨发展等问题的研究进展作了概述，对低空急流和暴雨发展的各种观点进行了评述，并提出了新的见解和研究结果。