Re–Os isotope and platinum-group element geochemistry of the Pobei Ni–Cu sulfide-bearing mafic–ultramafic complex in the northeastern part of the Tarim Craton

A number of mafic–ultramafic intrusions that host Ni–Cu sulfide mineralization occur in the northeastern Tarim Craton and the eastern Tianshan Orogenic Belt (NW China). The sulfide-mineralized Pobei mafic–ultramafic complex is located in the northeastern part of the Tarim Craton. The complex is composed of gabbro and olivine gabbro, cut by dunite, wehrlite, and melatroctolite of the Poyi and Poshi intrusions. Disseminated Ni–Cu sulfide mineralization is present towards the base of the ultramafic bodies. The sulfide mineralization is typically low grade (<0.5 wt.% Ni and <2 wt.% S) with low platinum-group element (PGE) concentrations (<24.5 ppb Pt and <69 ppb Pd); the abundance of Cu in 100 % sulfide is 1–8 wt.%, and Ni abundance in 100 % sulfide is typically >4 wt.%. Samples from the Pobei complex have εNd (at 280 Ma) values up to +8.1, consistent with the derivation of the magma from an asthenospheric mantle source. Fo 89.5 mol.% olivine from the ultramafic bodies is consistent with a primitive parental magma. Sulfide-bearing dunite and wehrlite have high Cu/Pd ratios ranging from 24,000 to 218,000, indicating a magma that evolved under conditions of sulfide saturation. The grades of Ni, Cu, and PGE in 100 % sulfide show a strong positive correlation. A model for these variations is proposed where the mantle source of the Pobei magma retained ~0.033 wt.% sulfide during the production of a PGE-depleted parental magma. The parental magma migrated from the mantle to the crust and underwent further S saturation to generate the observed mineralization along with its high Cu/Pd ratio at an R-factor varying from 100 to 1,200. The mineralization at Poshi and Poyi has very high γOs (at 280 Ma) values (+30 to +292) that are negatively correlated with the abundance of Os in 100 % sulfide (5.81–271 ppb) and positively correlated with the Re/Os ratios; this indicates that sulfide saturation was triggered by the assimilation of crustal sulfide with both high γOs and Re/Os ratios. When compared to other Permian mafic–ultramafic intrusions with sulfide mineralization in the East Tianshan, the Poyi and Poshi ultramafic bodies were formed from more primitive magmas, and this helps to explain why the sulfide mineralization has high Ni tenor.     

黑海西北部冷泉碳酸盐岩的沉积岩石学特征及氧化还原条件的稀土元素地球化学示踪

黑海西北部罗马尼亚大陆架(水深120m)和乌克兰陆坡(水深190m)发育冷泉碳酸盐岩结壳。XRD测试表明此结壳主要由高镁方解石和文石组成。结壳中与渗漏系统微生物活动有关的凝块和葡萄状文石等特殊的沉积组构非常发育。冷泉碳酸盐岩酸可溶部分(碳酸盐岩相矿物)的稀土元素含量很低(0.068×10-6~2.817×10-6),稀土元素页岩标准化配分模式显示罗马尼亚大陆架冷泉碳酸盐岩具有明显的Ce负异常,乌克兰陆坡冷泉碳酸盐岩具Ce的正异常,表明它们是分别在氧化和还原环境中沉积的。稀土元素和V、Cd和U等微量元素的含量在泥晶中最高,亮晶中最低,可能反映成岩过程对元素含量有控制作用。     

云南大硐厂铅锌矿床中的硫碲铋矿A

硫碲铋矿Ａ产于云南省大硐厂铅锌矿床，与自然铋、辉铋铅矿共生。晶体呈柱状，粒度０．０２￣０．３ｍｍ。反光显微镜下呈淡黄色，弱非均质性，反射率Ｒｃ′＝５２．４％，Ｒ０＝４８．８％（波长为５４０ｎｍ），显微压入硬度Ｈｖ＝４６￣７２ｋｇ／ｍｍ＾２。主要粉晶谱线：３．０６５（１０），２．１２０（７），１．３４６（５），２．２２０（４）。三方晶系，空间群为Ｄ３ｄ＾５－Ｒ３↑－ｍ，晶胞参数ａ＝０．４２４１ｎｍ，     

天然钛榴石的穆斯堡尔谱及晶体化学分析

本文收集了一组钛榴石样品,作了穆斯堡尔谱和化学分析。采用各对应双峰等值限制拟合。拟合结果,统计误差X~2均较小。文中还分析了钛榴石结构的阳离子占位情况,并对其五对双峰谱指派如下:Fe~(3+)在[Y]位和(Z)位,Fe~(2+)在{X}和[Y]位,而另一对双峰指派为Fe~(2+){X}→Fe~(3+)(Z)的电荷离域。从化学分析和穆斯堡尔谱数据求出二种方法Fe~(2+)/∑Fe的差值,说明钛榴石中有Ti~(3+)的存在,用此简便方法估算了Ti~(3+)的含量,得出了四面体中阳离子的占位择优为Fe~(3+)>(Al~(3+),Ti~(4+))的结论。     

Spatial prediction of soil water content in karst area using prime terrain variables as auxiliary cokriging variable

In karst areas, accurately measuring and managing the spatial variability of soil water content (SWC) is very critical in settling numerous issues such as karst rocky desertification, ecosystem reconstruction, etc. In these areas, SWC exhibits strong spatial dependence, and it is a time and labor consuming procedure to measure its spatial variability. Therefore, estimation of this kind of soil property at an acceptable level of accuracy is of great significance. This study was conducted to evaluate and compare the spatial estimation of SWC by using ordinary kriging (OK) and cokriging (COK) methods with prime terrain variables, tending to predict SWC using limited available sample data for a 2,363.7 km² study area in Mashan County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Southwest China. The measured SWC ranged from 3.36 to 26.69 %, with a mean of 17.34 %. The correlation analysis between SWC and prime terrain variables indicated that SWC showed significantly positive correlation with elevation (r is 0.46, P < 0.01), and significantly negative correlation with slope (r is ?0.30, P < 0.01); however, SWC was not significantly correlated with aspect in the study area. Therefore, elevation and slope were used as auxiliary data together for SWC prediction using COK method, and mean error (ME) and root mean square error were adopted to validate the prediction of SWC by these methods. Results indicated that COK with prime terrain variables data was superior to OK with relative improvement of 28.52 % in the case of limited available data, and also revealed that such elevation and slope data have the potential to improve the precision and reliability of SWC prediction as useful auxiliary variables.     

CPL7及其在中国地球系统模式中的应用前景

中国地球系统模式中普遍存在的耦合器CPL6(美国国家大气研究中心的第六代通量耦合器)在很大程度上限制了模式在高分辨率上的发展,新一代耦合器CPL7并行度的可扩展性更高,能够适应更高分辨率的构型。以CPL7与中国科学院大气物理研究所的第二代格点大气环流模式(the Version 2 Grid-point Atmospheric Model of Institute of Atmospheric Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences)的耦合为例,概述了其耦合原理,为CPL7与中国其他模式的耦合提供相关的经验。结合国内外模式的发展方向,CPL7耦合器在中国未来几年的地球系统模式的耦合改进中将占有很大的优势地位。     

汉诺坝玄武岩Re-Os同位素地球化学——Re的挥发性丢失和壳-幔相互作用的证据

本文报道了采自汉诺坝玄武岩区周坝和白龙硐剖面以及白布洛张20井等地29个玄武岩样品的Re、Os含量和~(187)Os/~(188)Os比值。Os含量为11×10~(-12)～314×10~(-12),Re含量为40×10~(-12)～238×10~(-12),Re和Os含量有正相关趋势。碱性玄武岩(AK)的Re、Os含量高于拉斑玄武岩(TH)和过渡玄武岩(TR),玄武岩Os含量变化与分离结晶作用有关,玄武岩的低Re含量与地面喷发的火山岩浆脱气过程中Re的挥发性丢失作用有关。玄武岩的~(187)Os/~(188)Os比值为0.14735～0.61136,AK的~(187)Os/~(188)Os比值比TH和TR低且变化小。玄武岩的~(187)Os/~(188)Os比值与Os含量有负相关性。随着Os含量降低到小于75×10~(-12),~(187)Os/~(188)Os比值迅速升高,反映了地壳混染在TH和TR成因中的贡献。在以往的研究中没有观察到类似的地壳混染作用,说明了Re-Os同位素体系在示踪壳源物质上的优势。一些Os含量较高的TH的~(187)Os/~(188)Os比值表明其地幔源区既非亏损的又非经交代富集的SCLM,可能是混入了地壳俯冲物质的"Marble cake"型地幔。总之,汉诺坝玄武岩的Re-Os同位素地球化学研究支持了以往研究的主要成果,两类玄武岩地球化学差异性和异源成因论;分离结晶和部分熔融过程在玄武岩成因中的重要作用;碱性玄武岩的成因与地幔柱的关系等。同时揭示了一些新的现象:汉诺坝玄武岩形成中存在少量的地壳混染作用;地面喷发的火山熔岩在脱气过程中Re的挥发性丢失;拉斑玄武岩的源区更有可能为"Marble cake"型地幔。     

地震作用下丰满重力坝的塑性损伤

基于混凝土塑性损伤本构模型,将可以表征材料和结构渐进破坏的损伤变量作为内变量,考虑了混凝土拉压异性的损伤变量,利用有限元软件ABAQUS,对丰满混凝土重力坝在经受地震作用下的结构损伤区域的发展变化进行安全性评价。在数值计算过程中,对于受地震荷载作用所引起的地面水平运动而导致大坝水位水平运动对坝体的影响,通过扩充后的广义Westergaard公式予以计算模拟。通过分析得到了丰满大坝在地震作用下的塑性损伤破坏情况,并评价了丰满大坝的安全性,亦说明利用损伤力学对大坝进行安全性评价是一个可行的方法。     

青藏高原西北缘盆山过渡带陡坡地貌的形成时代与成因

平均海拔大于4500 m的青藏高原,是通过高原边缘的陡坡地貌与海拔低于1500 m的周缘盆地或平原相连接的,这些围绕高原的陡坡地貌是何时、如何形成的呢？本文通过对西昆仑山中段北缘主逆冲断层上盘陡坡地貌区9件磷灰石样品的裂变径迹年龄与长度分析表明：在海拔3900～4635 m的陡坡地貌中的裂变径迹样品年龄为6.2±1.4 Ma～0.9±0.3 Ma,呈现“上新下老”的反序分布特征; 而通过热历史模拟显示约5 Ma,约3～2 Ma,约2～1 Ma 和约1 Ma该地区出现多阶段的隆升与剥露。结合前人研究成果和野外地质的观察认为,现今青藏高原西北缘陡坡地貌的形成是中新世晚期以来高原边界叠瓦状断裂系经历了约8 Ma、约5 Ma、约3～2 Ma、约2～1 Ma和约1 Ma多阶段后展式逆冲运动的结果,这为青藏高原周缘陡坡地貌的形成和青藏高原的隆升时代与型式提供了关键的热年代学约束。     

基于人工神经网络的航磁信息关联方法的研究

应用人工神经网络方法 ,以航磁数据为样本 ,建立了航磁信息关联的BP人工神经网络模型。对山东省 1∶5 0万航磁水平一阶导数轴向图进行计算机自动关联叠置、提取航磁解释构造轴线的研究。经与垂向二阶导数对比分析 ,证实了该方法给出的模型具有较强的非线性、自适应和学习能力。