The effect of cement material properties on the fracture patterns developing within cement-covered brittle sphere under impact

Acta Geotechnica - Dynamic loading experiments of single glass bead cement-covered by epoxy resins of different compositions demonstrate the existence of diverse fracture patterns under similar...     

一次梅雨锋暴雨过程多尺度特征的诊断分析

文中对 1998年 6月 12～ 15日长江中下游地区入汛后最强的一次梅雨锋大暴雨过程进行了诊断分析。结果表明 ,此次暴雨是在 3种不同尺度天气系统的共同作用下形成的。中高纬的双阻型和副热带高压位置偏南 ,是引发该暴雨过程的大尺度背景条件 ;天气尺度的低压槽为该阶段的连续大暴雨提供了动力条件 ,它的前部存在一个低层辐合、正涡度和高层辐散、负涡度的带状区域。α中尺度上 ,该暴雨系统的垂直结构为中低层强烈的辐合和上层的辐散 ,其中心有着强烈的上升气流 ;同时在中高层 ,系统的南侧有一个高空急流强迫产生的次级环流。这种α中尺度暴雨系统的三维结构为强暴雨的形成提供了必要的动力、水汽和不稳定性条件。     

Variations of early autumn rainfall in the lee side of the Tibetan Plateau

The variability of climate in the lee side of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) often exhibits unique features. In this study, the authors investigate the variations of early autumn rainfall in the lee side of the TP (LSTP). The rainfall amount and number of rain days in LSTP increase from August to September. The center of heavy and torrential rains during September is located in LSTP as well. These unique features are attributed to later withdrawal of the East Asian summer monsoon in the middle and higher troposphere compared to the lower troposphere and stronger South Asian summer monsoon and thermal forcing of the TP. The September rainfall in LSTP experienced strong interdecadal fluctuation, with overall below normal rainfall from mid-1980s to late 2000s, while there was no apparent long-term trend in the August and October rainfall amount. The above normal September rainfall is associated with an anomalous anticyclone over the western North Pacific, a weaker-than-normal ridge around the Lake Baikal, a stronger-than-normal East Asian jet stream, and warmer air over the southeastern TP. The interdecadal decrease in rainfall in September may be caused by the central equatorial Pacific warming, which induces an anomalous cyclone over the western North Pacific. The September anomalous cyclone is stronger and more westward compared to that in August and October, and thus favors the below normal rainfall in LSTP.     

汉诺坝玄武岩Re-Os同位素地球化学——Re的挥发性丢失和壳-幔相互作用的证据

本文报道了采自汉诺坝玄武岩区周坝和白龙硐剖面以及白布洛张20井等地29个玄武岩样品的Re、Os含量和~(187)Os/~(188)Os比值。Os含量为11×10~(-12)～314×10~(-12),Re含量为40×10~(-12)～238×10~(-12),Re和Os含量有正相关趋势。碱性玄武岩(AK)的Re、Os含量高于拉斑玄武岩(TH)和过渡玄武岩(TR),玄武岩Os含量变化与分离结晶作用有关,玄武岩的低Re含量与地面喷发的火山岩浆脱气过程中Re的挥发性丢失作用有关。玄武岩的~(187)Os/~(188)Os比值为0.14735～0.61136,AK的~(187)Os/~(188)Os比值比TH和TR低且变化小。玄武岩的~(187)Os/~(188)Os比值与Os含量有负相关性。随着Os含量降低到小于75×10~(-12),~(187)Os/~(188)Os比值迅速升高,反映了地壳混染在TH和TR成因中的贡献。在以往的研究中没有观察到类似的地壳混染作用,说明了Re-Os同位素体系在示踪壳源物质上的优势。一些Os含量较高的TH的~(187)Os/~(188)Os比值表明其地幔源区既非亏损的又非经交代富集的SCLM,可能是混入了地壳俯冲物质的"Marble cake"型地幔。总之,汉诺坝玄武岩的Re-Os同位素地球化学研究支持了以往研究的主要成果,两类玄武岩地球化学差异性和异源成因论;分离结晶和部分熔融过程在玄武岩成因中的重要作用;碱性玄武岩的成因与地幔柱的关系等。同时揭示了一些新的现象:汉诺坝玄武岩形成中存在少量的地壳混染作用;地面喷发的火山熔岩在脱气过程中Re的挥发性丢失;拉斑玄武岩的源区更有可能为"Marble cake"型地幔。     

机器基础动力相互作用的研究

本文分别对单台、双台、联合基础与地基土相互作用体系在扰力作用下的振动特性进行了研究。在计算中考虑了外围土体的影响。通过算例,得到了单台、双台、联合基础的一些振动规律。     

热带太平洋地区SSTA和风应力场的海气耦合模态

按国家气象局“八五”攻关力专家组提出的有关近海热带气候强度突变的标准，对１９７０－１９９１年在我国的近海发生强度突为的热带气旋进行了分类统计，发现如下气候特征：平均每年有８－９个热带气旋移到我国近海时发生强度突变，其中突然减弱的居多，占总个数的７９．６％，突然增强的只占总个数的２０．４％，突然增强只发和天５－１０月，而突然减弱到５－１２月均可发生；突然增强主要出现在浙闽沿海、南海中部，珠江口外西侧     

The deep and shallow structure,composition and its relation to earthquakes in Chaoyang — Yixian seismic region

This paper describes synthetically the seismic activity, deep and shallow structures and rock dynamic features in and near Chaoyang—Yixian region. It is supposed that there is a low velocity layer in middle crust and the three-layered crustal velocities are all lower than that in both sides of the region. There exists uplifts of upper mantle and asthenosphere-low resistance layer. It is also studied the composition of matter of three-layered crust, low velocity layer, upper mantle and asthenosphere. In the end the direct relations between the deep and shallow structure, composition and the seismic activity and new activities of faults in this region are discussed.     

陕西驾鹿金矿床地质特征及成因探讨

驾鹿金矿床是小秦岭金矿带中一个比较特殊的矿床类型，产于古老韧性剪切带中，围岩蚀变强烈而广泛，尤其是成脉前的钾长石化。蚀变带及其中的石英脉控制了金矿体的产出，矿床属蚀变岩型金矿，成矿时代为燕山晚期．本文在论述矿床地质特征的基础上，通过稳定同位素研究，认为燕山期构造热事件是成矿的主导控制因素，成矿溶液来自大气降水，成矿物质则部分来自太华群，部分来自上覆中元古界高山河组，矿床成因属大气降水热液矿床．     

塔里木盆地塔中台地上奥陶统良里塔格组核形石成因研究

塔里木盆地塔中台地上奥陶统良里塔格组礁滩相中核形石大量发育,本文选取5口钻井取心样品,从核形石形态、粒径大小、纹层磨损度、圆度几个方面进行镜下统计分析。镜下观察核形石有长条状、扁平状、偏心椭圆形、椭圆形、卵圆形、圆形等形状,平均粒径在0.1~2.5 cm之间,核心颗粒以生屑颗粒为主。核形石的纹层磨损度在泥粒岩中为轻度,在颗粒岩中为重度,泥粒—颗粒岩居中。研究认为,促使塔中台地上奥陶统核形石形成的因素包括水动力能量、微生物、碎屑颗粒的累积量等,其中水动力能量占主导地位。能量过低,核形石扁平;能量适合,核形石纹层均匀且厚;能量过强,核形石处于磨蚀状态。水流的强烈冲刷作用会破坏微生物对颗粒的黏附作用,使砂屑生屑核形石滩转变为砂屑生屑滩。

     

西藏错那县吉松铅锌矿地质特征及找矿标志

吉松铅锌矿床位于为喜马拉雅板片拉轨岗日陆隆壳片成矿带内的康马-隆子铜铅锌银成矿带.通过对西藏错那县吉松铅锌矿床地质背景、矿床地质特征、成矿机制和找矿方向的研究,笔者认为矿床成矿地质条件较好.经地表槽探揭露,深部钻探工程控制,发现铅锌矿体呈似层状,矿石品位和厚度沿走向和倾向变化较小,北东向断裂带及其次级断裂为主要的导矿和容矿构造,强蚀变中基性岩脉与炭质板岩的外接触带上,特别是硅化和绿帘石化等蚀变带是矿体有利的富集部位,围岩蚀变强弱与矿化有着密切关系,初步认为矿床为硅化破碎带中低温热液交代型矿床,具有较好的找矿前景.