氟的水文地球化学环境及其在地下水中存在形式的研究——以大庆西部地区为例

本文以大庆西部地区地下水含氟量的分布规律为例,较全面地论述了氟的来源、富集的水文地球化学环境,并应用热力学公式计算了氟在地下水中各存在形式的分配分数。     

尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus Linn)胃酸的PH值,周日变化及其在消化兰藻中的作用

通过测定喂食水华微囊藻的尼罗罗非鱼胃PH值、不同颜色粪便的叶綠素/脱镁叶綠素比例,发现尼罗罗非鱼具有一个与摄食相关的胃酸分泌周期。摄食旺期胃平均PH值为1.47,最低值为0.8。停食后PH值升高,最大值为6.0。用不同浓度的盐酸处理水华微囊藻和对不同颜色粪便的营养分析结果表明,高浓度的胃酸(PH<2)溶解了水华微囊藻细胞壁,为肠消化酶对细胞内含物进行消化创造了先决条件。     

cD Abell团的空间相关函数ξ(r)

利用估计红移对Abell统计样品中的cD团进行了空间两点相关函数的计算,确证了cD团的相关性质;特别指出了在特大尺度～300Mpc(H_0=100km·sec~(-1)Mpc~(-1))上cD团仍有一定的相关,而且cD团与射电源和超星系团之间可能存在着空间分布上的联系和对应,显示了更大尺度上可能的成团相关性。     

GPS time-series and its response to <Emphasis Type="Italic">M</Emphasis><Subscript>S</Subscript>=8.1 Kunlunshan earthquake

In this paper, observation data in 25 GPS reference stations of China have been analyzed by calculating GPS position coordinate time-series with GIPSY. Result shows there is an obvious trend variation in such time-series. The trend variations of time series along the longitude and latitude coordinate reflect the motion of each position in the global-plate, in which the trend variation in the vertical direction reveals some large-scale construction information or reflects the local movement around the positions. The analysis also shows that such time-series have a variation cycle of nearly 1.02 a, but the reason still remains to be further studied. At the end of this paper, response of the time-series of M _S=8.1 Kunlunshan earthquake was analyzed, and the seismogenic process of M _S=8.1 Kunlunshan earthquake, according to the time proceeding and the feature of anomaly, was divided into 3 phases—changes in blocks with forces, strain accumulation, quick accumulation and slow release of energy. At the initial stage of seismogenic process of M _S=8.1 earthquake and at the imminent earthquake, coseismic process as well as during the post earthquake recovery, anomaly in vertical direction is always in a majority. The anomalous movement in vertical direction at the initial stage resulted in a blocking between faults, while at the middle stage of seismogenic process, the differential movement between blocks are in a majority, which is the major reason causing energy accumulating at the blocking stage of faults.     

佛山市南海区国土资源“多图合一”的探讨

本文按“统一坐标原点、统一坐标体系、统一比例尺精度、统一数据格式”以及业务环环相扣的图形建库原则,以实践的方式探讨了国土资源管理中多图合一的可行性,并通过建立业务规则、图形规则,实现了多图合一中所有图层的互动与更新。     

A revised estimation of the steady-state geotherm for the continental lithosphere and its implication for mantle melting

An analytical solution has been derived for the steady-state geotherm of the continental lithosphere, using an empirical thermal conductivity model that incorporates the experimentally observed temperature and pressure effect. Based on recent global compilations of crustal thickness and heat flow data, a standard continental lithosphere is re-defined by a global mean model with total crustal thickness of 40 km and surface heat flow of 55 mWm-² (within which 28 mWm^-2 is assumed to be derived from deep mantle source). The thickness of the continental lithosphere (≅125 km), consistent with previous models, is given by the depth at which the geotherm intersects the potential asthenosphere temperature of 1280°C. It is shown that the new steady-state geotherm is much hotter than that based on the previously adopted model where material thermal conductivity is assumed to be constant (≅3.14 W/m/k) throughout the lithosphere. The consequence of this re-evaluation of pre-extension thermal structure in the lithosphere is that the minimum stretching factor required to cause the onset of dry mantle partial melting can be 15–20% lower than the previous estimate. Also, if minor amounts of water or other volatile element or dry basalt are present in the upper mantle, melting of the subcontirfental mantle is very likely to occur for any geotherms constructed using surface heat flows > 30 mWm-².     

无限长土坡滑移变形模拟

从建立土体应力平衡微分方程入手,在平面应变的假定下求解均质无限长土坡的应力平衡方程。通过拟定坡土的滑移速度和粘塑性应变率的关系式,以剑桥模型为依托,得出滑移变形速率的显式表达式,由此推出土坡滑动位移的计算式。因为模型计算值与实测值无论变形趋势还是大小都有不少误差,所以经修正粘滞性参数来改进模型的模拟精度。最后通过一个算例,将现场实测滑移数据和模型计算值进行比较,分析表明二者较为一致。     

青藏高原区域性积雪增量序列及其变化特征

利用青藏高原83个气象台站的逐日积雪观测资料,充分考虑每次降雪过程所引起的积雪变化,建立了该地区1960-2007年度的区域性积雪增量序列,并讨论了其长期变化特征.结果表明:(1)积雪增量序列具有其他积雪参数指标的代表性,又较其他积雪参数指标序列有明显的统计学优点.(2)在48个年度里,1960-1966年度青藏高原区域性积雪增量处于负位相,1967-1998年度为多雪的正位相,1999-2007年度又为少雪的负位相,其中1998年度是个具有显著性的突变点.     

青狮潭暴雨气候特征统计分析

对1981～2006年3～8月份青狮潭水库各水文雨量站点重大降雨的时空分布,重大暴雨过程的主要影响系统的特征做了统计分析.结果表明:青狮潭暴雨、大暴雨的年际、月际分布很不均,90年代是暴雨高峰期,是80年代和21世纪以来的1.6倍左右.5～6月是暴雨过程集中期.从各月各站点的暴雨过程分布看,北部站点明显多于南部站点.暴雨雨带与湘桂走廊相近.低层系统以锋面最多,低空急流次之,第三为西南涡.通过分析,揭示了青狮潭降水基本气候特征和基本影响系统,对提高局地暴雨预报准确率、促进重大暴雨的预报服务工作和提高桂林城乡供水、农业灌溉、防洪、漓江旅游补水工程都有着重要意义.     

近30 a华北地区高空温度时空演变特征

根据华北地区12个探空站近30 a(1979-2008年)的各标准等压面月平均气温资料,对该地区高空年、季气温时空演变特征进行了分析.结果表明:华北地区高空年、季平均气温变化均具有非常高的空间一致性,其中冬季的一致性特征最明显;华北地区高空年、季平均气温大致以150-100 hPa层为界,以上(平流层下层)和以下(对流层)的气温存在着不同的变化特征:从近地面到200 hPa冬(夏)季最低(高),但在年平均气温最低的100-70 hPa,气温季节变化位相与对流层相反,50 hPa层以上气温的年变化不大;近30 a来华北地区对流层中下层的年、季平均气温变化以上升为主,而对流层上层至平流层下层则以下降为主.低层的变暖始于20世纪80年代后期,高层的变冷普遍始于20世纪90年代.