试论华北半湿润半干旱地区降水资源的农业气候评价——以海河平原为例

本文从农田水分平衡观点出发,用农业气候-水文-水文地质方法计算了有效降水量,并且分析了它的时问分布结构。在此基础上,我们进行了农作物需水盈亏分析,并指出:在海河平原地区,冬小麦(400斤/亩)亏水290毫米左右,夏玉米(500斤/亩)亏水100毫米左右。     

单站点无地面控制摄影机自检校

“单站点无地面控制摄影机自检校”是一种利用纯摄影测量信息检校摄影机的方法。本文由共线条件方程出发导出了顾及到摄影机旋转中心与其摄影中心不一致时正直摄影象片与倾斜摄影象片同名象点坐标的几何关系式及线性化的误差方程式。编制了适用于VAX-11/750计算机使用的FORTRAN程序,并给出了用模拟数据和实际数据的计算结果。     

The Chemical Composition of Global Subducting Sediments and Its Geological Significance

Subducted sediments play an important role in crust-mantle interaction and deep mantle processes, especially for subduction zone magmatism and mantle geochemistry. The current rate of Global Subducting Sediments (GLOSS) is 0.5~0.7 km³/a. The GLOSS are composed of terrigenous material(76 wt.%), calcium carbonate(7 wt.%), opal(10 wt.%) and mineral-bound H₂O⁺(7 wt.%). The chemical compositions of GLOSS are similar to those of upper continental crust which is mainly controlled by the terrigenous materials, and yet the materials formed by marine processes will dilute the terrigenous materials. The components of subducted sediments are different among trenches. In the accretionary margin, the components of subducted sediments are similar to those of the upper crust, while in the non-accretionary margin the components are terrigenous materials plus those produced by marine processes. During subduction, subducted sediments will released fluids, melt or supercritical fluid to affect island arc/back-arc basin magmatism by means of aqueous fluid or sediment melt. In addition, a part of subducted sediments, together with underlying altered oceanic crust/lithosphere, recycle into the mantle and contribute to the mantle heterogeneity. Geochemical tracers indicate that subducted sediments play variable contributions to the magmatic processes in different tectonic setting. Thus, subducted sediments play an important role in two relatively independent dynamics systems (plate tectonics and mantle plume), as well as related mantle evolution models. As a result, by accurately calculating the compositions of subduction sediments and using various geochemical indicators, we can further limit the input and output fluxes of various elements or isotopes, and then obtain more accurately residual subducted components, which can provide us some important clues for geodynamic process.     

Multielemental Neutron Activation Analysis of Chinese Geochemical Reference Samples

The concentrations of 36 elements in geochemical reference samples issued by the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of China were determined by neutron activation analysis. Three main variants of the technique, instrumental, epithermal, and nreirradiation separation neutron activation analysis (INAA, ENAA, PNAA), were employed in a systematic study of the samples by three laboratories: the Institute of Atomic Energy of the Academia Sinica (INAA, ENAA), the Institute of High Energy Physics of the Academia Sinica (INAA), and the Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Prosnecting of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral resources (INAA,PNAA). Both long and short irradiations and both Ge(Li) and HPGe detectors were used. A supplementary software nackage for data processing was developed. About 81% of the data determined by neutron activation agreed with recomended values with in 15%.     

随机性细胞自动机的地震模拟的动力学含义

结合随机的能量输入和确定的能量损耗，本文用随机性细胞自动机(CA)进行了地震事件的数字模拟，并对事件进行了能量分维和时间序列的多重分形分析。初步结果表明，大量事件的能量-频次的统计分布可能遵从最经典的Gutenberg—Richter关系．不同的初始能量分布和不同的能量传递准则都对模型的输出产生影响，b值与模型参数的设置密切相关，地震现象本质上的复杂性可能是随机性与确定性的统一体现。     

Scattering of plane SH waves by a cylindrical alluvial valley of circular-arc cross-section

A closed-form solution of two-dimensional scattering of plane SH waves by a cylindrical alluvial valley of circular-arc cross-section in a half-space is presented using the wave functions expansion. The solution is reduced to solving a set of infinite linear algebraic equations using the exterior region form of Graf's addition theorem. Numerical solutions are obtained by truncation of the infinite equations and their accuracies are demonstrated by convergence of the numerical results to the exact boundary condition with the increasing of the truncation order. The present solution is compared with the existing one presented by Todorovska and Lee for the same problem and their differences are analysed. Complicated effects of the depth-to-width ratio of the alluvial valley on surface ground motion are finally illustrated.     

从贝丘遗址看绳纹人与环境的相互关系

介绍了自本世纪７０年代末以来，日本学者在绳纹时代的考古研究中开辟的一个新领域，即通过分析贝丘遗址和周围的自然环境去认识绳纹的环境变化及绳纹人与环境的关系。同时提出了笔者关于绳纹时代人与环境关系的一个模式。     

圆弧型沉积盆地对平面SH波的散射

采用波函数展开方法给出圆弧型沉积盆地对面ＳＨ波二维散射问题的封闭级数解答。利用外域Ｇｒａｆ加法公式将解答归结为无穷代数方程组的求解。通过截断计算得到解答的数值结果，并通过连续条件的满足程度检验了截断计算的精度。将本文结果已有的近似解析解进行比较，指出了近似解答的误差来源和适用范围。给出一些典型算例说明盆地深度比对地震动的复杂作用。     

模拟地震的弹簧滑块模型的混沌运动

我们构造了一种自由度为２的双弹簧滑块系统，讨论模型参数的不均匀性和滑块间的相互作用与复杂现象的关系。假定滑块在所受力小于其静摩擦力时保持静止，因此，只有发生了滑动，两滑块所受力之差才改变。如果我们以两滑块受力之差为变量，就可以构造一种一维的映射。这种映射直观地显示了系统的演化，反映了方程终态解的形态。结果表明，用混沌运动来描述地震现象可能是较为合理的。     

关于地震台站极性校正的问题

国内外的台网中总是一些台站，其极性读取似乎是由大量台站Ｐ波初动的整体分布确定的震源机制相矛盾，这些矛盾通常被作为坏读（ｂａｄ ｒｅａｄｉｎｇ）处理，造成台站的极性问题的复杂原因究竟是什么，利用ＮＥＩＣ的核爆资料，文中给出两种可能推测：台站仪器本身的不可和地震本身的复杂性。