Distribution, migration and derivation of Mesozoic-Cenozoic regional fault systems in the central continental margin of eastern China

Deep-large faults in the central continental margin of eastern China are well developed. Based on the regularity of spatial and temporal distribution of the faults, four fault systems were divided: the Yanshan orogenic belt fault system, the Qinling-Dabie-Sulu orogenic belt fault system, the Tanlu fault system and the East China Sea shelf basin-Okinawa trough fault system. The four fault systems exhibit different migration behaviors. The Yanshan orogenic belt fault system deflected from an EW to a NE direction, then to a NNE direction during the Indo-Chinese epoch-Yanshanian epoch. The thrust-nappe strength of the Qinling-Dabie orogenic belt fault system showed the tendency that the strength was greater in the south and east, but weaker in the north and west. This fault system faulted in the east and folded in the west from the Indo-Chinese epoch to the early Yanshanian epoch. At the same time, the faults also had a diachronous migration from east to west from the Indo-Chinese epoch to the early Yanshanian epoch. On the contrary, the thrust-nappe strength was greater in the north and west, weaker in the south and east during the late Yanshanian epoch-early Himalayan epoch. The Tanlu fault system caused the basin to migrate from west to east and south to north. The migration regularity of the East China Sea shelf basin-Okinawa trough fault system shows that the formation age became younger in the west. The four fault systems and their migration regularities were respectively the results of four different geodynamic backgrounds. The Yanshan orogenic belt fault system derived from the intracontinental orogeny. The Qinling-Dabie-Sulu orogenic belt fault system derived from the collision of plates and intracontinental subduction. The Tanlu fault system derived from the strike-slip movement and the East China Sea shelf basin-Okinawa trough fault system derived from plate subduction and retreat of the subduction belt. Translated from Journal of Jilin University (Earth Science Edition), 2005, 35(5): 554–563 [译自: 吉林大学学报 (地球科学版)]     

A Network Model for Dispersion of Communicable Diseases

The spread of communicable diseases through a population is an intrinsic spatial and temporal process. This paper presents an individual‐based analytical framework for modeling the spatial and temporal heterogeneity in the disease transmission. The framework specifies a network model structure and six associated parameters. These parameters describe the properties of nodes, the properties of links, and the topology of the network. Through this model structure and associated parameters, this framework allows the representation of discrete individuals, individualized interactions, and interaction patterns in a network of human contact. The explicit representation of the spatial distribution and mobility of individuals in particular facilitates the modeling of spatial heterogeneity in the disease transmission.     

Experimental observation on the characteristics of the near-surface turbulence over the Antarctic ice sheets during the polar day period

Based on the ultrasonic anemometer/thermometer data in the East Antarctic coastal area ice sheets ob-tained first by Chinese scientists, turbulent intensity, kinetic energy and sensible heat of turbulence, surface roughness height drag coefficient and normalized variation were calculated and analysed using the eddy-correlation method. The results show that the values of roughness height and drag coefficient are 4.3 X 10 m and 1.8x 10 -³, respectively. These turbulent parameters have apparent diurnal variations. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 49675252).     

Numerieal prediction of storm surge in the Qingdao area under the impact of climate change

A typhoon-induced storm surge simulation system was developed for the Qingdao area, including a typhoon diagnostic model for the generation of wind and pressure fields and a 2D Advanced Circulation (ADCIRC) model for simulating the associated storm surge with a 200 m resolution along the Qingdao coastline. The system was validated by an extreme surge event Typhoon Mamie (8509) and the parameters of Typhoon Mamie were used to investigate the sensitivity of typhoon paths to Qingdao storm surges with four selected paths: the paths of Typhoons Mamie (8509), Opal, 3921 and 2413, the selection being made according to their relative position to Qingdao. Experiments based on the Typhoon Mamie (8509) storm surge were also conducted to study the possible influences of future climate changes, including the sea level rise and sea surface temperature (SST) rise, on storm surges along the Qingdao coast. Storm surge conditions under both present day and future (the end of the 21st century) climate scenarios associated with the four selected paths were simulated. The results show that with the same intensity, when typhoons follow the paths of 3921 and 2413, they would lead to the most serious disasters in different areas of Qingdao. Sea level and SST affect storm surges in different ways: sea level rise affects storm surge mainly through its influence on the tide amplitude, while the increased SST has direct impact on the intensity of the surges. The possible maximum risk of storm surges in 2100 in the Qingdao area caused by typhoons like Mamie (8509) was also estimated in this study.     

Spatio-temporal GIS data model based on event semantics

There are mainly four kinds of models to record and deal with historical information. By taking them as reference, the spatio-temporal model based on event semantics is proposed. In this model, according to the way for describing an event, all the information are divided into five domains. This paper describes the model by using the land parcel change in the cadastral information system, and expounds the model by using five tables corresponding to the five domains. With the aid of this model, seven examples are given on historical query, trace back and recurrence. This model can be implemented either in the extended relational database or in the object-oriented database.     

气象要素对太阳能电池板温度的影响

温度升高会引起光伏电池发电效率下降,电池板温度是确定温度折减系数的必要条件,目前我国尚没有充足的外场实测电池板温度数据。该文基于北京南郊太阳能试验站2010年全年逐时电池板温度、气温、地表温度、斜面和水平辐照度实测数据,分析了电池板温度随时间的变化及其与各气象要素的关系。结果表明:电池板温度与气温和斜面辐照度的综合相关或与地表温度的线性相关最好,但实测数据不易获得;电池板温度与气温的线性相关较好,数据较易获得且质量有保证,从现实可行性考虑,是推算电池板温度最实用的相关方程;电池板温度与气温和水平辐照度的综合相关可以作为辅助方程,用于推算气温较高情况下的电池板温度。基于2010年电池板温度实测数据和加权计算的方法,得到北京地区年平均光伏发电温度折减系数约为2%,最高可达到13.3%。     

计算机互联网上时间传递的一种设计方案

目前,国内外时间传递方式主要有长波授时、短波地、电话授时、双星比对、ＧＰＳ时间信息等。信息产业的不断发展,使得互联网络已成为一种新的信息传递手段和资源共享方式 。通过计算机网络传输标准时间、频率将是授时领域的新课题,也是时间同步的新手段。讨论了计算机互联网上时间传递的一种设计方案,给出利用计算机网络系统实现标准时间的传递的具体方法,并介绍一种计算机互联网时间传递软件的使用方法等。     

对一种振冲碎石桩复合地基沉降计算方法——Priebe法的改进

通过对经典的Priebe沉降计算法分析,以及面积置换率的变化对桩体压缩性假设作了改进;对桩土重度差异及承受荷载时应力和变形与深度的关系作了分析,归纳出相应的数学计算公式,用工程实例进行了验证。得到的结果表明改进是合理、适用的,可为今后的设计和施工提供参考。     

Identifying components for interoperable process models using concept lattice and semantic reference system

The development of interoperable environmental process models is widely supported by both the research community and government agencies. This paper discusses a conceptual framework to guide the delineation of process components, the basic unit of interoperable models. The concepts of semantic reference system and dual hierarchy are explored to establish the conceptual framework. Based on this discussion, the Formal Concept Analysis is used as an analytical approach to decompose and fuse existing environmental process models in order to identify environmental process components. For purposes of discussion, a hydrological process, surface runoff, is used throughout the paper as an example of an environmental process to support the conceptual discussion and to illustrate the application of the conceptual framework and analytical approach.