绿化带对城市大气环境及空气质量的影响

采用北京大学城市大气边界层模式模拟了城区下风向绿化带对城市温度场、风场及空气质量的影响。模拟表明,一天中不同时刻绿化带附近存在不同程度的污染加重现象,上午10:00(北京时)污染浓度最大增加66%;绿化带降温范围最大达到下风向0.5 km。同时还进行了下风向绿化带与城区加强绿化的对比数值试验,结果表明,城区加强绿化后绝大部分范围气温出现较明显下降,最大降温幅度为1.6℃。此项研究可为园林及城市规划等部门提供参考。     

新近月球重力场模型与地形模型的局部导纳和相关性分析

本文利用三个高阶重力场模型LP150Q、GLGM-3和SGM150j以及嫦娥地形模型CLTM-s01,在频率域内使用固定窗口的方法,研究了不同重力场模型的重力/地形局部导纳谱与局部相关谱的全球分布,以及典型质量瘤盆地重力/地形局部导纳谱与局部相关谱分布的特征.结果表明:加入远月面重力场信息有助于增强重力场模型在中高频段的信号强度;三个重力场模型LP150Q、GLGM-3和SGM150j均适合于作近月面重力/地形局部导纳与局部相关性的分析和近月面地球物理参数的估计;重力场模型LP150Q和GLGM-3较适合作远月面大范围的研究,不适合于作远月面重力/地形局部导纳谱与局部相关谱的分析以及作远月面局部区域地球物理参数的估计,SGM150j较适合于作远月面局部区域地球物理参数的估计;近月面大型质量瘤盆地异常质量的尺度比远月面质量瘤盆地异常质量的大,而深度也比远月面的深.     

A “Weighted” Geochemical Variable Classification Method Based on Latent Variables

Natural Resources Research - Clustering of variables relies on relationships among them. The strength of those relationships is generally measured by the correlation coefficients between pairs of...     

单环刺螠中肠和后肠交替氧化酶对硫化物的应激反应

外源性硫化物可通过抑制或阻断线粒体电子传递经典途径而对生物体产生损伤甚至致死,交替氧化酶(Alternative Oxidase,AOX)是线粒体硫化物氧化电子传递分支途径中的1个关键酶。为了研究硫化物环境中单环刺螠的生存对策,本文利用间接竞争性ELISA和酶活性分析等技术检测了单环刺螠在硫化物应激前后中肠和后肠中AOX的蛋白含量以及活性的变化。结果显示:在未处理的单环刺螠中,后肠的AOX蛋白含量和酶活性均高于中肠。当单环刺螠暴露在硫化物(50和150μmol·L-1)环境中时,2个器官的AOX含量和酶活性水平均随着硫化物浓度的提高和暴露时间的延长而提高,并且150μmol·L-1硫化物处理组的单环刺螠2个器官AOX蛋白含量和酶活性普遍高于相同处理时间下的50μmol·L-1组。结合已报道的单环刺螠硫化物应激下细胞色素c氧化酶活性的变化,提出单环刺螠体内存在线粒体电子传递分支途径;提高组织线粒体中AOX活性是其应对环境硫化物毒性的对策之一。     

关于气候变化与荒漠化关系的新认知

IPCC于2019年8月7日通过了《气候变化与土地特别报告》决策者摘要,报告第3章评估了气候变化与荒漠化的关系,取得了一些新认识,包括全球旱地(dryland)和荒漠化的范围、荒漠化过程与影响因素、荒漠化的检测与归因、荒漠化对自然和社会经济系统的影响、荒漠化对气候变化的反馈、未来气候变化对荒漠化的影响与风险,应对荒漠化与适应和减缓气候变化的联系。在估计荒漠化变化、荒漠化变化检测与归因、荒漠化对自然和社会经济系统的影响、荒漠化对气候变化的反馈、应对荒漠化与适应和减缓气候变化联系方面还存在不足。这些评估结果对我国认识旱地和荒漠化范围的变化、影响荒漠化因素、荒漠化过程、荒漠化变化检测与归因,荒漠化对自然和社会经济系统的影响、荒漠化对气候变化的反馈、未来气候变化对荒漠化的影响与风险,以及防治荒漠化与适应和减缓气候变化方面等都有重要的启示。     

基因foxl2的结构及表达调控

叉头框转录因子L2基因(foxl2)是参与多个靶基因转录调控的重要转录因子基因。目前研究认为该基因主要参与脊椎动物的卵巢分化、发育及其功能维持,但在无脊椎动物中的研究很少。本文结合作者已有的研究成果概述了foxl2基因结构特点,提出该亚家族主要以叉头框的6个特殊氨基酸序列与其它亚家族区分开来;总结了该基因自身的表达调控,认为可能在转录、转录后及翻译后等不同水平都存在调控;进一步对该基因在不同动物中的空间表达特征及功能等方面进行概述,推测foxl2基因在低等动物中具有的表达多样性可能与其功能多样性有关。     

Boundary integration equation method to scattering of plane SH-waves

In this paper, several approaches used in the boundary integration equation method have been discussed firstly. The comparison among solutions of equation in frequency domain established by the above approaches indicates the features and the validity respectively. Moreover, the application of boundary integration equation method using series solution to scattering of plane SH seismic waves in homogeneous, isotropic medium has been discussed chiefly. The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,15, 331–338, 1993.     

A kind of information on short-term and imminent earthquake precursors—research on atmospheric electric field anomalies before earthquakes

The long-time practice of observational research on earthquake prediction has shown that the information on short-term and imminent earthquake precursors can hardly be detected, but it is very important for practical and effective earthquake prediction. The result of analysis and study in this paper has shown that the anomaly of quasi-static atmospheric electric field may be a kind of reliable information on short-term and imminent earthquake precursors. On such a basis, the 20 years’ continuous and reliable data of atmospheric electric field observed at the Baijiatuan seismic station are used to study the correlation between the anomalies in seismic activity and relative quiet periods bear on the occurrence of near earthquakes within 200 km range around Beijing after the Tangshan earthquake. The observational results recently reported before hand in written form and earthquakes that actually occurred in near field in corresponding time periods are compared and analyzed. The efficacy of these written prediction opinions about near earthquakes in the recent 10 years is tested. From the test results, the brilliant prospect that the anomaly of quasi-static atmospheric electric field may really become a reliable mark for making short-term and imminent earthquake predictions is discussed. Besides, as a preliminary step, some judgment indexes for predicting earthquakes by use of the observational data of atmospheric electric field before earthquakes are put forward. In the last part, it is pointed out that it would be possible to obtain more believable judgment indexes for determining the three elements of near earthquakes before greater earthquakes (M _S≥5) only if a relatively reasonable station network (2–4 stations every 10 000 km²) is deployed and further investigation is made. Contribution No. 97A0040, Institute of Geophysics, State Seismological Bureau, China. This subject is sponsored by Program No. 95-04-05-01-04, State Seismological Bureau, China.     

温度骤升对中华绒螯蟹( Eriocheir sinensis) 几种免疫化学指标的影响

以中华绒螯蟹为材料，将水体温度从14℃骤然升到28℃，然后在升温后9h内测定中华绒螯蟹肝胰腺中过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性和丙二醛(MDA)的含量以及血细胞的吞噬能力，比较温度变化对这些指标的影响。结果表明，肝胰腺中CAT和SOD的活性在温度升高后马上出现显著降低，在6h后开始趋于稳定；MDA的含量在升温后随时间的延长逐步增加；血细胞的吞噬力和吞噬指数在温度升高后有所增加并于3h时达到最高，然后逐渐下降到温度升高前的水平。该结果表明，温度的骤然升高会影响机体的生理功能和机体的免疫防御能力，导致自由基代谢的紊乱，这可能是诱导病害发生的环境因素之一。