Joint 3D traveltime calculation based on fast marching method and wavefront construction

3D traveltime calculation is widely used in seismic exploration technologies such as seismic migration and tomography. The fast marching method (FMM) is useful for calculating 3D traveltime and has proven to be efficient and stable. However, it has low calculation accuracy near the source, which thus gives it low overall accuracy. This paper proposes a joint traveltime calculation method to solve this problem. The method firstly employs the wavefront construction method (WFC), which has a higher calculation accuracy than FMM in calculating traveltime in the small area near the source, and secondly adopts FMM to calculate traveltime for the remaining grid nodes. Due to the increase in calculation precision of grid nodes near the source, this new algorithm is shown to have good calculation precision while maintaining the high calculation efficiency of FMM, which is employed in most of the computational area. Results are verified using various numerical models.     

共炮检距高斯波束偏移的一种快速实现算法

与共炮高斯波束偏移相比,共炮检距高斯波束偏移具有直接抽取炮检距域共成像点道集的优势.过去,共炮检距高斯波束偏移以损失成像精度的代价采用最速下降法来降低积分的维数,从而提高计算效率.但经过最速下降近似简化的偏移公式仍是频率域的,需要在每个频点进行计算.为此,本文提出一种快速实现算法来避免采用最速下降法.本文通过分析一个水平层状速度模型的偏移过程和Marmousi速度模型的成像结果来检验不同插值方法对快速实现算法的成像精度和计算效率的影响,并建议采用二维三次卷积插值方法.同时本文在Marmousi速度模型下验证了快速实现算法相对于最速下降法在成像精度和计算效率上的优势.此外,本文将采用二维三次卷积插值的快速实现算法应用于Sigsbee2A模型并获得了清晰的盐下图像.     

小型自主水下航行器尾舵设计与研究

针对小型自主水下航行器(AUV)尾舵设计的关键问题,采用二维计算流体力学(CFD)方法模拟了流速为2m/s时.常用NACA00××系列翼型在不同来流下的情况,得到了小型自主水下航行器常用翼型的水动力特性;采用DNV规范计算得到了尾舵面积的大小;采用三维CFD方法研究了舵轴位于不同位置时的铰链力矩.找到了具有最小铰链力矩的舵轴位置.文中的研究结果为小型水下自航行器尾舵的设计提供了理论依据和参考.     

黏弹性VTI介质频率空间域准P波正演模拟

有限差分方法是波场数值模拟的一个重要方法,时间域有限差分计算方法因按时间片递推计算,每个时间片的舍入误差会累积到下一片中,当时间片较多,最终会导致累积误差太大.而频率域计算是按频率片对空间网格进行整体求解方程组,其计算误差分配到了每个网格点上,并且各个频率片之间是独立计算的,因此不存在累计误差,而且在频率-空间域更易于...     

脆性材料强破裂前兆的初步研究

本文依据现有的实验结果初步研究脆性材料在破坏孕育过程中发生的强破裂的前兆特征.以应变(形变)突变、破裂弹性波限幅等物理变化特征确定强破裂;研究总结了不同试样、两种加载方式的破坏试验中的多个强破裂的前兆特征变化:一类为包括定点和场的应变变化特征,另一类为包括声发射率(破裂频度)、b值、波谱及微破裂时空分布等的声发射变化....     

太平洋铁锰结核与富Co结壳的矿物地球化学比较研究

本文对采自东太平洋CC区的2块不同类型的铁锰结核及中太平洋麦哲伦海山的1块富Co结壳,采用XRD和ICP-MS(AES)等分析研究方法,进行了矿物地球化学的比较研究。结果表明:铁锰结核主要由水羟锰矿及钡镁锰矿组成,富Co结壳主要以水羟锰矿为主。与2块铁锰结核相比,富Co结壳总体上Cu、Al、Na含量较低而Co含量较高;两块不同类型的结核相比较,水成型铁锰结核的P、Ti含量较高,而成岩型铁锰结核的Cu、Ni含量较高。3块样品的稀土元素含量均较高,为(521.8~1 424.15)×10-6。REE分布型式总体呈平缓型,(La/Yb)N为0.72~1.01,并具程度不同的Ce、Eu正异常。经估算,富Co结壳的生长速率为1.92~4.24mm/Ma,水成型铁锰结核的生长速率为1.31~14.29 mm/Ma,成岩型铁锰结核的生长速率为11.24~76.32mm/Ma。并根据铁锰结核的化学成分变化推测了其生长环境的变化。     

我国天文台及潜在台址所在地区Fried参数γ0的计算与统计分析

用1986-1995年的10年探空气象资料，在塔塔尔斯基模式下，计算了我国天语言台及候选台址所在的10个地区的Fried参数r0。给出了地面、900米、1500米、3000米、5000米各度上的r0年平均值。在3000米高度上冬季丽江视宁度最好，夏季酒泉最好，均达到相应季节定日4301米高度上视宁度水平。     

汶川MS8.0级地震前后ULF电磁辐射频谱特征研究

本文基于电磁波频谱理论研究方法,对2008年四川汶川M_S8.0地震前后金河、剑阁及郑州二砂三个电磁波台站的观测资料进行FFT和小波变换分析,研究了电磁辐射数据快速傅里叶频谱变化特征和在不同尺度下小波变化的分解,发现在汶川地震前确实有异常信息存在.结果表明:(1) FFT动态谱图像说明,地震前电磁波频谱变化特征较明显,在时间、频段上均显示了阶段性进程特征,且随着震中距的增大,辐射能量越小,异常出现的时间越晚;(2) 小波分解显示了地震前电磁波异常信号低频部分出现的时间较早;距震中较近的台站,异常信息在高频部分相对明显;距震中稍远的台站,异常信息在低频部分相对明显.     

The Long-Term Field Experiment Observatory and Preliminary Analysis of Land-Atmosphere Interaction over Hilly Zone in the Subtropical Monsoon Region of Southern China

To improve current understanding of the water cycle,energy partitioning and CO2 exchange over hilly zone vegetative land surfaces in the subtropical monsoon environment of southern China,a long-term field experiment observatory was set up at Ningxiang,eastern Hunan Province.This paper presents a preliminary analysis of the field observations at the observatory collected from August to November 2012.Results show that significant diurnal variations in soil temperature occur only in shallow soil layers(0.05,0.10,and 0.20 m),and that heavy rainfall affects soil moisture in the deep layers(≥ 0.40 m).During the experimental period,significant diurnal variations in albedo,radiation components,energy components,and CO2 flux were observed,but little seasonal variation.Strong photosynthesis in the vegetation canopy enhanced the CO2 absorption and the latent heat released in daylight hours;Latent heat of evaporation was the main consumer of available energy in late summer.Because the field experiment data are demonstrably reliable,the observatory will provide reliable long-term measurements for future investigations of the land-atmosphere interaction over hilly land surfaces in the subtropical monsoon region of southern China.     

The influence of sea water velocity variation on seismic traveltimes, ray paths, and amplitude

The main factors affecting seismic exploration is the propagation velocity of seismic waves in the medium. In the past, during marine seismic data processing, the propagation velocity of sea water was generally taken as a constant 1500 m/s. However, for deep water exploration, the sound velocity varies with the season, time, location, water depth, ocean currents, and etc.. It also results in a layered velocity distribution, so there is a difference of seismic traveltime, ray paths, and amplitude, which affect the migration imaging results if sea water propagation velocity is still taken as constant for the propagation wavefield. In this paper, we will start from an empirical equation of seismic wave velocity in seawater with changes of temperature, salinity, and depth, consider the variation of their values, build a seawater velocity model, and quantitatively analyze the impact of seawater velocity variation on seismic traveltime, ray paths, and amplitude in the seawater velocity model.