基于改进水位动态法的年降水入渗补给系数推求

准确计算降水补给系数对于水资源评价等十分重要。水位动态法因其使用方便、成本低、精度高等优点被广泛用于计算降水入渗补给系数。但传统水位动态法是以次降水入渗补给过程为基础,往往忽略过程中地下水排泄、滞后等问题,导致计算结果存在偏差。针对传统水位动态法的不足,提出一种改进水位动态法,将年降水看作一次降水过程,基于水均衡原理,计算降水入渗补给系数。并以沧州市金牛镇大牛庄村为例,对比两种方法的计算结果。结果表明:虽然两种方法计算结果在同一数量级,但改进水位动态法相对于传统水位动态法减小了降水入渗补给系数间的偏差,使得结果更集中可靠。     

The complete DNA sequence of the mitochondrial genome of Sinonovacula constricta (Bivalvia: Solecurtidae)

The nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial genome of the solecurtidae Bivalvia mollusca Sinonovacula constricta (GenBank accession number EU880278) has been determined and is reported here. We determined the complete mitochondrial genome sequence using long-PCR and Shot Gun Sequencing. Contained within the 17 225 base pairs (bp) are the two ribosomal RNA genes and 12 protein coding genes typical of metazoan mitochondrial genomes. The S. constricta mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) did not contain a gene for atp8, similar to the mtDNA of Crassostrea virginica, Crassostrea giga and Mytilus edulis. The S. constricta mtDNA is 67.0% A+T (A 25.9%, C 10.5%, G 22.5%, and T 41.1%). This value is higher than that for many invertebrate mitochondrial genomes. Only 19 putative tRNA genes are present in S. constricta and 27 noncoding regions, of which two are large in size. The trnE and trnW genes as well as a second trnS were absent in S. constricta. The gene arrangement of S. constricta is different from the other Bivalvia genomes.     

Investigation of discharge-area groundwaters for recharge source characterization on different scales: the case of Jinan in northern China

Discharge-area groundwater in Jinan, a typical karst region in northern China, was investigated by studying both the hydrological and chemical processes evolving from the recharge in mountainous terrains to the karst-spring outflows in the metropolitan area. Large-scale exploitation of karst groundwater has led to a disturbing trend in the ever-decreasing spring outflow rates and groundwater level. There is insufficient information about the Jinan karst aquifers, which provide the main water sources to meet human demand and to sustain spring outflow. The coupling of hydrological and chemical processes quantifies the flow system through aqueous chemistry characterization of the water sources. This approach is used to study the groundwater flow discharges in different locations and geological settings. The potentiometric data indicated limited vertical connectivity between distinct hydrogeological units and alteration of the recharge regime by the faults and by artificial exploitation. Shallow groundwater primarily belongs to the local flow system, with high nitrate concentration and enriched stable isotopic contents. Thermal groundwater has high concentrations of chloride and total dissolved solids, derived from a regional flow system with the highest recharge altitudes and long residence time. Non-thermal karst water may be attributed to the intermediate flow system, with uniform HCO₃–Ca(Mg) facies and low nitrate concentration. This work highlighted discharge as a fingerprint of groundwater flow conditions and provides a better insight into the hydrogeological system.     

“21世纪海上丝绸之路”风能资源时空变化评估

利用1979—2021 年的 ERA5 再分析资料,采用经验正交函数分解法、Mann-Kendall 趋势检验法等统计方法,对“21 世纪海上丝绸之路”相关海区的海表风场与风能密度的空间分布特征、季节变化特征以及长期变化趋势进行分析。结果表明：(1)研究海域风能密度在不同季节表现出很大的空间差异,夏季的阿拉伯海和孟加拉湾,冬季的中国南海,以及全年的热带南印度洋风能资源都极为丰富。(2)研究时段内,中国南海北部及附近海域、阿拉伯海西部、孟加拉湾西部以及热带西北印度洋风能密度等级整体较高。(3)研究海域的风能密度以年变化特征为主,其中中国南海风能密度的季节变幅最大且在春、秋两季表现出明显的转换特征。(4)在研究海区中,结合水深条件与风能密度时空变化特征的评估结果,可以重点关注台湾海峡、吕宋海峡、中南半岛东南沿海、阿拉伯海西部近岸海域及热带西北印度洋近岸大陆架海域风能资源的开发利用,加强其他海域风能资源的储备。此研究可为“21 世纪海上丝绸之路”风能资源的中长期开发规划提供依据。     

基于无人机倾斜摄影技术的景观模型构建

利用无人机倾斜摄影技术,以陕西省岚皋县森林康养景观规划实景建模为例,详细介绍了整个生产技术流程,并对建模过程中的质量保证措施进行探讨.最后总结分析了无人机倾斜摄影技术的适用场景及其在三维建模中存在的问题,针对建模失败或失真情况提出了采用模型修复和精细建模技术相结合的解决方案.实验涉及自然景观、人文景观建模,可为该技术在...     

典型城市区与森林区空气负氧离子特征比较分析

利用连续15个月逐小时对比观测资料,分析比较了典型城市区和森林区负氧离子特征,结果显示:1城市区负氧离子平均浓度为240个/cm3、森林区为1470个/cm3,森林区明显高于城市区5~6倍;森林区负氧离子中"小离子"约占8成、"中离子"约占2成,而城区"中离子"几乎为零。2城市区和森林区负氧离子浓度日变化趋势大体一致,夜间高于白天,午夜到早晨为高浓度时段,峰值出现在凌晨04:00—5:00;低浓度时段在中午到傍晚前后,最低值均出现在13:00。3负氧离子浓度在季节分布上,森林区以春季和冬季较高,城市区以秋季较高。城市区秋季较高可能与当年秋季雨水异常偏多有关。4大老岭林区负氧离子浓度有缓慢下降趋势,而城市区有缓慢上升趋势。5负氧离子日平均浓度,城市区以雾天和雨天较高,雷雨天、阴天次之,晴天较低;森林区以晴天和雷雨天气较高,阴天次之,而雨天和雾天反而较低,与城市区相反。     

Engineering properties of marine soft clay stabilized by alkali residue and steel slag: an experimental study and ANN model

Acta Geotechnica - Solid wastes are increasingly used to stabilize marine soft clay. Disposals of alkali slag and steel slag cause serious problems in Lianyungang City. These two waste materials...     

A comparative study on groundwater spring potential analysis based on statistical index,index of entropy and certainty factors models

The main aim of this study is to generate groundwater spring potential maps for the Ningtiaota area (China) using three statistical models namely statistical index (SI), index of entropy (IOE) and certainty factors (CF) models. Firstly, 66 spring locations were identified by field surveys, out of which, 46 (70%) spring locations were randomly selected for training the models and the rest 20 (30%) spring locations were used for validation. Secondly, 12 spring influencing factors, namely slope angle, slope aspect, altitude, profile curvature, plan curvature, sediment transport index, stream power index, topographic wetness index, distance to roads, distance to streams, lithology and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) were derived from the spatial database. Subsequently, using the mentioned factors and the three models, groundwater spring potential values were calculated and the results were plotted in ArcGIS 10.0. Finally, the area under the curve was used to validate groundwater spring potential maps. The results showed that the IOE model, with the highest success rate of 0.9126 and the highest prediction rate of 0.9051, showed the preferable performance in this study. The results of this study may be helpful for planners and engineers in groundwater resource management and other similar watersheds.     

Discovery of Bismuth Mineral of the Garqiong Copper-Gold Ore Deposits in Tibet and Its Significance

班公湖-怒江成矿带是西藏自治区重要的铜金多金属成矿带,东西延伸约2000 km,南北两侧与拉萨地块和羌塘地块相接.随着研究程度的深入,近已发现成矿带中铋的矿化呈带状展布.尕尔穷是该成矿带中重要的矽卡岩型铜金矿床,笔者通过野外地质调查采样、显微镜鉴定、扫描电镜观察和能谱成分分析,在矿石中首次发现铋的独立矿物——辉铋矿,这也是班公湖-怒江成矿带中首次发现的重要铋工业矿物.此外还有含锇自然铋、硫铜铋矿、碲铋矿、含硫碲铋矿、未定名的BiTe2等铋的自然元素矿物、碲化物及硫盐矿物.研究成果丰富了成矿带铋矿物种类,对矿床研究和勘查方向的确定有着重要的指示意义.根据镜下鉴定和流体包裹体测温讨论了Cu-Au-Bi共生关系,铋在成矿热液中以硫络合物形式迁移,辉铋矿在高温热液下形成.尕尔穷铜金矿床的含矿岩体LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄83.2～87.1 Ma,辉钼矿Re-Os模式年龄86.87～87.29 Ma,矿床类型为岩浆热液接触交代成因的矽卡岩型铜金矿床.     

西藏尕尔穷铜金矿床矿铋矿物的发现及意义

班公湖-怒江成矿带是西藏自治区重要的铜金多金属成矿带,东西延伸约2000km,南北两侧与拉萨地块和羌塘地块相接。随着研究程度的深入,近已发现成矿带中铋的矿化呈带状展布。尕尔穷是该成矿带中重要的矽卡岩型铜金矿床,笔者通过野外地质调查采样、显微镜鉴定、扫描电镜观察和能谱成分分析,在矿石中首次发现铋的独立矿物——辉铋矿,这也是班公湖-怒江成矿带中首次发现的重要铋工业矿物。此外还有含锇自然铋、硫铜铋矿、碲铋矿、含硫碲铋矿、未定名的BiTe2等铋的自然元素矿物、碲化物及硫盐矿物。研究成果丰富了成矿带铋矿物种类,对矿床研究和勘查方向的确定有着重要的指示意义。根据镜下鉴定和流体包裹体测温讨论了Cu-Au-Bi共生关系,铋在成矿热液中以硫络合物形式迁移,辉铋矿在高温热液下形成。尕尔穷铜金矿床的含矿岩体LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄83.2～87.1Ma,辉钼矿Re-Os模式年龄86.87～87.29Ma,矿床类型为岩浆热液接触交代成因的矽卡岩型铜金矿床。